1、浙江专升本（英语）模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析0 Who takes care of the elderly in the United States today? The fact is that family members provide over 80% of the care that elderly people need. In most cases the elderly live in their own homes. A very small percentage of Americas elderly live in nursing homes.Samuel Preston
2、, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches about 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive. The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging(老龄
3、化 )Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometime after their own children have grown up. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long-term care. These facts also mean that a
4、fter caregivers provide care for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses(配偶)will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.Because Americans are living longer than ever, more s
5、ocial workers have begun to study ways of caregiving to improve the care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic: They believe that they are the best people for the job. The social workers have also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on t
6、he responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. Many caregivers believe they had an obligation(职责)to help their relatives. Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful. Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.1
7、Samuel Prestons study shows that .（A）lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing（B） most American couples over 40 have no living parents（C） middle-aged American have to take care of their children and parents at the same time（D）elderly people may need care for a long time because
8、 they live longer after an illness2 Who will most probably take care of the middle-aged Americans when they need care themselves?_.（A）They themselves.（B） Their close friends.（C） Their children.（D）Their husbands or wives.3 All caregivers believe that they can_ .（A）care for their elderly parents bette
9、r than any other people（B） keep closer to their old parents by this meaning（C） do much better if they have a job as social workers（D）improve the care of the elderly with the help of the social workers4 Which of the following is NOT a reason why people look after their relatives?_.（A）They feel they a
10、re of use to other people（B） They want to set an example to other people（C） They think it is their duty to help their relatives（D）They hope they deserve care when they need it5 What is the main idea of the passage?_.（A）Most old people live longer today after an illness than people did years ago.（B）
11、Many old people are put into nursing homes by their families, who do not visit them regularly.（C） Most elderly people are taken care of by their families, who assume the responsibilities for different reasons.（D）Most elderly people are satisfied with the better ways of caregiving that social workers
12、 have come up with.5 There are few more sobering(使清醒的)online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping(喘气)as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themse
13、lves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “ labor-market premium to skill“or the amount college graduates earned thats greater than what high-school graduate earneddecreased f
14、or much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance(报复性地)since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31 ,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.Theres no question that going to
15、college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesnt come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University(tuition, room and board(食宿)$49,260 in 2007-08)yield a 40% greater return than atte
16、nding the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student($17,380)there? Not likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers
17、arent evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer productlike a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in todays college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one th
18、at gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences(such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program).
19、And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students(or, more accurately, their parents)often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or
20、a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive worlds hottest consumer trend, maybe its best to characterize it as a hybrid(混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends(红利).6 Whats the opinion of economists about going to college?（A）Huge amounts of m
21、oney is being wasted on campus socializing.（B） It doesnt pay to run into debt to receive a college education.（C） College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.（D）Going to college doesnt necessarily bring the expected returns.7 The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for
22、 much of the 20th century, _.（A）enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities（B） the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates（C） competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today（D）the gap between the earnings of college and high-sch
23、ool graduates narrowed8 Students who attend an in-state college or university can_.（A）save more on tuition（B） receive a better education（C） take more liberal-arts courses（D）avoid traveling long distances9 In this consumerist age, most parents_.（A）regard college education as a wise investment（B） plac
24、e a premium on the prestige of the College（C） think it crucial to send their children to college（D）consider college education a consumer product10 What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?（A）Their employment prospects after graduation.（B） A satisfying experience within th
25、eir budgets.（C） Its facilities and learning environment.（D）Its ranking among similar institutions.10 Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the website youve visited,or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to fi
26、nd out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you
27、never intended to be seenthe 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑)you leave everywhere ma
28、ke it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?For many Americans, the a
29、nswer apparently is “ no. “When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me. “But people say one th
30、ing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站)to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist A
31、lessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷).But privacy does matter-at least sometimes. Its like health: When you have it, you dont notice it. Only when
32、its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.11 What does the author mean by saying“the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked“(Lines 3-4, Para. 2)?（A）Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.（B） In the 21st century people try every means to look into other
33、s secrets.（C） People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.（D）Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.12 What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?（A）Friends should open their hearts to each other.（B） Friends should always be
34、 faithful to each other.（C） There should be a distance even between friends.（D）There should be fewer disputes between friends.13 Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret“(Line5, Para. 3)?（A）Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.（B） People le
35、ave traces around when using modern technology.（C） There are always people who are curious about others affairs.（D）Many search engines profit by revealing peoples identities.14 What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?（A）They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.（B）
36、 They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.（C） They rely most and more on electronic devices.（D）They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.15 According to the passage, privacy is like health in that _.（A）people will make every effort to keep it（B） its importance is rarely underst
37、ood（C） it is something that can easily be lost（D）people dont cherish it until they lose it15 Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing womens contr
38、ibution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives(激励 ), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because
39、 they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: Girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to schoolthe prophecy(预言)becomes self-f
40、ulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环)of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children
41、, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating wome
42、n has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other availa
43、ble investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.16 The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is_.（A）troublesome（B） labor-saving（C） rewarding（D）expensive17 By saying “. the prophecy bec
44、omes self-fulfilling. . . “(Line 4-5, Para. 2), the author means that_.（A）girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys（B） girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams（C） girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach（D）girls will be increasingly discontented with their life
45、at home18 The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when_.（A）women care more about education（B） girls can gain equal access to education（C） a family has fewer but healthier children（D）parents can afford their daughters education19 What does the author say about womens
46、 education?（A）It deserves greater attention than other social issues.（B） It is now given top priority in many developing countries.（C） It will yield greater returns than other known investments.（D）It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.20 What does the passage concern about?（A
47、）Unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries.（B） The potential earning power of well educated women.（C） The major contributions of educated women to society.（D）The economic and social benefits of educating women.20 Dolphins have the power to make people feel better just by their pres
48、ence, according to a leading marine biologist.“I cannot explain it in scientific terms but, without any doubt, everyone who sees them in the wild is lifted by them,“ Jonathan Gordon, of Oxford University zoology department, said.“You only ever see them in the wild if they want you to see them. They
49、are the only wild animals that come to a man of their own free will and that make you feel privileged. You get a buzz because they are joyful, and you can prove scientifically that they spend a lot of their life playing. “Professor Gordon works for the International Fund for Animal Welfare and spends months on the organizations research boat. “ If things arent going well on the boat and you are depressed, the sight of dolphins lifts you and makes you feel better at once. They cannot be doing t
