1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 18 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 Most Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk
2、that exceeds 20 percent.“ I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease(冠心病)is distributed in the US population. “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlant
3、a, said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13, 769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a
4、 risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity(种族)had little effect on risk distributions.Al
5、though the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editor
6、ial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.1 The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given2 Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10 year risk of heart disease
7、.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given3 The research findings will be quite helpful to physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given4 More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given5 86% of the subjects of the survey participated in the Third Nation
8、al Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given6 Three percent of children run a risk above 20 percent of developing heart disease.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given7 There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given8 The distributions of the
9、risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given9 Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given10 The U. S. government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（A）真（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 TelecommutingTelecommuti
10、ngsubstituting the computer for the trip to the jobhas been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers
11、 on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters(经常乘火车往返者), allows periods of solitude(独处)for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start
12、 telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are se
13、duced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to ca
14、re for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young chil
15、d at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.Management too must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has p
16、aid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee s situation, not the availability of technology that precipitates(加速的来临)a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy
17、guidelines remains small.11 What is the main subject of the passage?（A）Business management policies.（B） Driving to work.（C） Extending the workplace by means of computers.（D）Computers for child-care purposes.12 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for office employees?（A）Being restric
18、ted to the office.（B） Incurring expenses for lunches and clothing.（C） Taking care of sick children.（D）Driving in heavy traffic.13 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting?（A）Employees lateness for work.（B） Employees absence from w
19、ork.（C） Employees need for time alone to work intensively.（D）Employees conflicts with second jobs.14 Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting?（A）Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play.（B） Computer technology is not advanced
20、enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.（C） Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project.（D）The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home.15 Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?（A）A scientist in a laboratory developing plans
21、 for a space station.（B） A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home.（C） A computer technician repairing an office computer network.（D）A teacher directing computer-assisted learning, in a private school.三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Geology and Health(1)The importance of particular metals in
22、 the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of io
23、dine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The wate
24、r we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazar
25、d. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly
26、 exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and
27、rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.(5)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soi
28、ls. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the
29、chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.A. To Further Study Long-term Risks and Health Effects of Living on Naturally Contaminated Soils is VitalB. Metal-rich Soil Generally Does no Severe Harm to PeopleC. Heavy Metals Might be a Potential Hazard to UsD. Geology and Health ProblemsE. Rocksthe Ultima
30、te Source of Soil PollutionF. Long-term Health Effects on Children16 Paragraph(1):17 Paragraph(2):18 Paragraph(3):19 Paragraph(4):20 Paragraph(5):20 A. industrially polluted soilsB. once they entered the food chain.C. naturally polluted soilsD. the geology and geochemistry of the environmentsE. the
31、element of iodineF. not found so far21 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of_.22 The chemistry and health of plants, animals and people might be affected by_.23 The data that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard_.24 Heavy metals would be a health con
32、cern _.25 It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on_.四、填句补文25 More Chinese Students Coming to Study in the USA recent report published by an American education institute shows that more and more foreign students are coming to the US. Colleges and universities recor
33、ded over 700, 000 students from abroad, a rise of 3 % from the previous year.【T1 】_Of the 400, 000 Chinese students that study abroad it sent 127, 000 to the US this year, an increase of 30%. The Communist country overtook India as number one, while South Korea comes in third. More and more Chinese
34、middle class families can afford sending their sons and daughters to study abroad.【T2 】_When it comes to getting a good job those who can show foreign qualifications are better off.【T3】_Almost 8 , 000 foreign students study there. Engineering and business management are among the most popular studie
35、s that foreign students enroll in.The report also states that more and more young people are coming to American high schools and colleges.All in all, there are fewer students entering the US from other countries.【T4】_And the international financial crisis of the past few years can be considered as a
36、nother factor.Foreigners are becoming popular when it comes to staff jobs at colleges and universities. Over 110, 000 scholars work as researchers, teachers or professors in higher education. There are even some who have become presidents of educational institutions.The report shows that foreign stu
37、dents in America are a major economic factor. Over all, they contribute about $20 billion to the American economy.【T5 】_Although most get the funds from their families they get scholarships from their home countries and, thus, are able to spend more abroad.A. This is mainly because more and more stu
38、dents from China are coming to the US.B. The most popular university in America is the University of South California in Los Angeles.C. International education prepares them to become leaders and top managers in their own country.D. They spend money on accommodation, books and food.E. The report say
39、s that this might be because of the global recession.F. Still, the number coming to the United States has been falling since the Asian financial crisis in nineteen ninety-eight.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 A Society Without a Formal Authority In the seventeenth century, European soldi
40、ers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes(部落)were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be “quite friendly with each other without a【B1】_authority“ ! All members of the【B2 】_knew what was required of them by l
41、ifelong familiarity with the tasks of the area. These【B3 】_tended to be simple, since the Indians rate of social change was slow.【B4】_, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders(which were considered rough), members o
42、f the tribes would arouse others to act by examples. It would be difficult, if not impossible, to【B5】_out such a system in our own society. Most of us have grown up under one【B6】_or another for as long as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized
43、right under certain conditions to tell us【B7】_to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workablesociety without it. We have been used to【B8 】_on authority to get things done. Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be【B9】_for us is
44、that our society is too large. The number of tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to【B10】_any social objectives.31 【B1 】32 【B2
45、 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Population ProblemMore and more of the world s population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is【C1】_(alarm). Between 1920 and 1960, big cities in【C2】_(develop
46、)countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the【C3】_(grow)was eight times their size.The sheer size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very【C4 】_(disturb)signs of trouble in the comparison of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of
47、 people working in industry. In Europe, the proportion of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the work force working in factories. Now, however, the reverse is almost always true in the newly【C5】_(industry)world.Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pa
48、y for their growth. There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new【C6】_(arrive). There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. So the figures for the growth of towns and cities represent【C7】_(proportion)growth of【
49、C8】_(employ), a growth in the number of【C9】_(hope)and【C10】_(despair)parents and starving children. 41 【C1 】42 【C2 】43 【C3 】44 【C4 】45 【C5 】46 【C6 】47 【C7 】48 【C8 】49 【C9 】50 【C10 】七、短文写作51 下列图画是一个能够说明为建筑工业制造砖块的过程示意图。请分析总结图画信息，以 The Brick Manufacturing Process 为题，写一篇 150 字左右的英文短文。自考英语（二）模拟试卷 18 答案与解析一、阅读判断1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 利用题干句中的关键词 10-year risk of heart disease 作为关键词线索，在文中进行搜索，可以从第一
