1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 21（无答案）一、阅读判断0 Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world s highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountai
2、n communities are lighter than average. But it wasn t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and
3、 his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities : La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, a
4、t 0. 44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy familie
5、s in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result, “ says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, “ says Giussani. His team also fo
6、und that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively 1 arger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease
7、in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.1 According
8、to the passage, newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given2 According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given3 Giussani s team members are all Br
9、itish researchers and professors from Cambridge University.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given4 Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in Santa Cruz was significantly lower than in La Paz.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given5 Babies bora to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies bor
10、n to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given6 Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given7 The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he w
11、as still in his mothers womb.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given8 High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given9 High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given10 Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-alt
12、itude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.（A）True（B）假（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 For the past several years, the Sunday Newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental l
13、evel of someone about 23 years old ; that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vo
14、s Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, what s the difference between love and fondness ? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence ? It s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have
15、eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart ? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields ?The defining
16、 term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms : the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and childrens version). Generally cost
17、ing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists , although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather
18、 than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test(SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necess
19、ary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing ? “ Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem so
20、lving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leade
21、rshipthat is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.11 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test ?（A）Answering philosophical questions.（B） Foldin
22、g or cutting paper into different shapes.（C） Telling the differences between certain concepts.（D）Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 12 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3 ?（A）People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.（B） More version
23、s of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.（C） The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.（D）Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 13 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because（A）the scores are obtai
24、ned through different computational procedures.（B） creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.（C） vos Savant s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.（D）the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 14 We can conclude from the last paragraph that（A）test scores may not be
25、reliable indicators of one s ability（B） IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.（C） testing involves a lot of guesswork.（D）traditional tests are out of date. 15 What is the authors attitude towards IQ tests ?（A）Supportive.（B） Skeptical.（C） Impartial.（D）Biased. 三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 How Technology
26、Pushes Down Price1 Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and
27、 less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop. 2 Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT syst
28、ems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower. 3 Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In
29、 recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth“ strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 percent of its 133 factories and cut 10 percent of its 55, 000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the pri
30、ce of food stays low. 4 Does cheap food make people unhealthy?Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. Th
31、at is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 80z(225g)cans in the past, then 120z(350g), and now come in 200z(550g)cans. If a company can sell you an 80z portion for $7, they can sell you a 120z portion for$8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which pr
32、obably costs 25 cents. 5 Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend. A. Huge retailers force producers to cut costs. B. The low food prices will be continuedC. Technology helps reduce food prices. D. Food comes cheaper in large
33、r portions. E. Chain stores provide better service. F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices.16 Paragraph 1_17 Paragraph2_18 Paragraph 3_19 Paragraph4_20 Paragraph 5_20 A. their workforceB. huge portionsC. large quantitiesD. minor brandsE. a good bargainF. advances in food production and distributi
34、on technology21 Prices have fallen in the food business because of_. 22 Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in_. 23 Some food producers have reduced_. 24 Besides cutting its cost, UnileVer abandbandoned its_. 25 Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have
35、 got_. 四、填句补文25 Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Year s Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine s Day. Each country has its own holidays, too, often to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks, and govern
36、ment offices all close on days like these. 【T1】_A few of them are really very strange. Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fools Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it i
37、s celebrated in many countriesFrance, England, and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. 【T2】_The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dynguss Day in Poland seems strange, too. On
38、 this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part : They do it to girls they like. Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town : A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bufiol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big truck
39、s carry more than 200, 000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. 【T3】_For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe. August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Kil
40、lorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. 【T4 】_There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day ? That one is on February 28. It
41、may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. 【T5 】_Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday?If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day. A. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. B. T
42、hat is supposed to be Toothache Day. C. Some people have fun imagining new holidays. D. Then begins the world s biggest food fight. E. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh. F. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days
43、.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new onesthe kind of high tech, solar paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be【B1】_wasteful to tear them all down a
44、nd【B2】_replace them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the【B3】_carbon emissions from a new energy efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in t
45、he broadest【B4】_the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and【B5】_our homes, offices and other buildings. “You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, “ says Richard Moe
46、, the president of the National Trust. With some【B6 】_the oldest homes tend to be the least energy efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 34% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that【B7 】_over time and let in more outside air. Fortun
47、ately, there are a【B8】_number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from【 B9】_ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades(升级)can save more than just the earth; they can help【B10】_property owners from rising power costs. A. doubtfullyB. exceptions C
48、. expandD. historicE. incrediblyF. poweringG. protect H. reduced I. replace J. sense K. shifted L. vast31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Legal ProtectionIndividuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and
49、own. Intellectual property【C1】_(result)from creative thinking and may include products, services , processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is【C2】_(protect)from misappropriation( 盗用). Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without due【C3 】_(compensate)and using it for【C4 】_(money)gain. Legal protection is provided for the owners of intellectual property. The th
