NF EN 1561-2011 Founding Grey cast irons《铸造灰口铸铁》.pdf

1、NF EN 1561December 2011Ce document est usage exclusif et non collectif des clients Saga Web.Toute mise en rseau, reproduction et rediffusion, sous quelque forme que ce soit,mme partielle, sont strictement interdites.This document is intended for the exclusive and non collective use of Saga Web custo

2、mers.All network exploitation, reproduction and re-dissemination,even partial, whatever the form (hardcopy or other media), is strictly prohibited.Saga WebFor SHANGHAI INTERNAT SCIENCE side by side cast samples; cast-on samples; samples cut from a casting. Hardness of the material can also be evalua

3、ted on the casting. However, for many applications tensile strength or hardness are not the only interesting or determining properties. Other mechanical or physical properties can be decisive for the use of grey cast irons, for example: thermal capacity, thermal diffusivity, damping capacity or ther

4、mo-cycle fatigue. Therefore, Annex A (informative) provides additional information of interest to casting designers. EN 1561:2011 (E) 51 Scope This European Standard specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have been manufactured in sand moulds o

5、r in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either a) the tensile strength of cast samples, or b) the hardness measured on the castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the c

6、ombination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified. This European Standard specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (see Table 1) and six grades of gre

7、y cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 3 and EN 1559-3 4. This European Standard does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes and fittings according to EN 877 5.

8、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10204, Metallic produc

9、ts Types of inspection documentsEN ISO 945-1, Microstructure of cast irons Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2008) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Metho

10、d of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grey cast iron cast material, mainly iron and carbon based, carbon being present mainly in the form of flake (lamellar) graphite particles NOTE 1

11、Grey cast iron is also known as flake graphite cast iron, and less commonly as lamellar graphite cast iron. NOTE 2 Graphite form, distribution and size are specified in EN ISO 945-1. 3.2cast sample quantity of material cast to represent the cast material, including separately cast sample, side by si

12、de cast sample and cast-on sample EN 1561:2011 (E) 63.3separately cast sample sample cast in a separate sand mould under representative manufacturing conditions and material grade 3.4side-by-side cast sample sample cast in the mould alongside the casting, with a joint running system 3.5cast-on sampl

13、e sample attached directly to the casting 3.6 relevant wall thickness wall thickness representative of the casting, defined for the determination of the size of the cast samples to which the mechanical properties apply 4 Designation The material shall be designated either by symbol or by number as g

14、iven in either Table 1 or Table 2. In the case of samples cut from the casting the letter C is added at the end of the designation by symbol. NOTE Comparison of EN 1561 grade designations to the grades from the ISO standard for grey cast irons (ISO 185:2005) 6 is given in Annex B. 5 Order informatio

15、n The order shall specify, in an unambiguous manner, whether the tensile strength measured on cast samples, or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting, is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall characterize the material according to tensile strength. The

16、following information shall be supplied by the purchaser: a) the number of this European Standard; b) the designation of the material; c) the relevant wall thickness; NOTE 1 For castings which have been designed before the date of issue of this standard, the information regarding the relevant wall t

17、hickness can be omitted. d) any special requirements. All requirements shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order e.g. technical delivery conditions according to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3. NOTE 2 When specifying a combination of tensile strength a

18、nd hardness, it is recommended to consult the information in Annex E. In case of castings which have been designed before the date of issue of this standard, for the verification of the minimum tensile strength of the specified grey cast iron grade, separately cast samples with a diameter of 30 mm a

19、re used. The order shall specify the number and year of the previous edition (EN 1561:1997) of this European Standard. EN 1561:2011 (E) 76 Manufacture Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the method of manufacture of grey cast irons to obtain the specified mechanical properties shall be left

20、 to the discretion of the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall ensure that the requirements defined in this standard are met for the material grade specified in the order. All agreements between the manufacturer and the purchaser shall be made by the time of acceptance of the order. NOTE For grey ca

21、st irons to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment may be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 7 Requirements 7.1 Characterizing properties The order should specify in an unambiguous manne

22、r whether the tensile strength measured on a test piece machined from a cast sample or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall characterize the material according to tensile strength. 7.2 Tensile properties 7.2.1

23、General The property values apply to grey cast irons cast in sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal behaviour. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. Tensile properties are wall thickness dependant as shown in Table 1. N

24、OTE Tensile testing requires sound test pieces in order to guarantee pure uni-axial stress during the test. 7.2.2 Test pieces machined from cast samples The tensile properties of the six grades of grey cast irons specified by tensile strength, when measured according to 9.1 using test pieces machine

25、d from cast samples according to Table 3, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 1. The maximum tensile strength of the grade is the minimum value plus 100 MPa. 7.2.3 Test pieces machined from samples cut from a casting If applicable, the manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on:

26、the location(s) on a casting where the sample(s) shall be taken; the minimum value, or allowable range of values, for the tensile properties (for information, see Table D.1). NOTE 1 The properties and the structure of castings are not uniform, depending on the complexity of the castings and variatio

27、n in their section thickness. NOTE 2 Tensile properties for test pieces cut from a casting are affected not only by material properties (subject of this standard) but also by the local casting soundness (not subject of this standard). EN 1561:2011 (E) 8Table 1 Tensile properties of grey cast irons m

28、easured on test pieces machined from cast samples Material designation Relevant wall thickness tmm Tensile strengthaRmmandatory values in cast sample Symbol Number MPa min. EN-GJL-100 5.1100 540 100EN-GJL-150 5.1200 2,5b 50 15050 100 130 100 200 110 EN-GJL-200 5.1300 2,5b 50 200 50 100 180 100 200 1

29、60 EN-GJL-250 5.1301 5b 50 250 50 100 220 100 200 200 EN-GJL-300 5.1302 10b 50 300 50 100 260 100 200 240 EN-GJL-350 5.1303 10b 50 350 50 100 310 100 200 280 NOTE 1 The designation is irrespective of the type of cast sample. NOTE 2 For high damping capacity and thermal conductivity, EN-GJL-100 (5.11

30、00) is the most suitable material. NOTE 3 The figures given in bold indicate the minimum tensile strength to which the material designation of the grade is related. The values relate to an as-cast sample diameter corresponding to the applicable relevant wall thickness range according to Table 3. NOT

31、E 4 For relevant wall thicknesses more than 200 mm, the manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on the type and size of cast sample and the minimum values to be obtained. a If tensile strength is specified as a characterizing property, the type of the sample (see 8.2) should also be stated in the

32、 order. If not stated in the order, the type of sample is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. b This value is included as the lower limit of the relevant wall-thickness range.7.3 Hardness properties The Brinell hardness of the six grades of grey cast iron specified by hardness, when measured

33、 according to 9.2, shall be as given in Table 2. This classification is applicable principally where machinability or wear resistance are of importance. If a casting is ordered on the basis of hardness, the relevant wall thickness and the position of the test shall be agreed. Minimum and maximum Bri

34、nell hardness values, for the relevant wall thickness specified by the purchaser, shall be mandatory for the castings covered by the order. NOTE For a relevant wall thickness t 100 mm, grades are not classified by hardness. If it is not possible to use the Brinell test method in accordance with EN I

35、SO 6506-1, alternative test methods may be used, which shall have correlated values with Brinell hardness. EN 1561:2011 (E) 9Table 2 Brinell hardness of castings of grey cast irons Material designation Relevant wall thickness tmm Brinell hardness a, bHBWSymbol Number min. max.EN-GJL-HB155 5.1101 2,5

36、c 50 155 EN-GJL-HB175 5.1201 2,5c 50 115 175 50 100 105 165 EN-GJL-HB195 5.1304 5c 50 135 195 50 100 125 185 EN-GJL-HB215 5.1305 5c 50 155 215 50 100 145 205 EN-GJL-HB235 5.1306 10c 50 175 235 50 100 160 220 EN-GJL-HB255 5.1307 20c 50 195 255 50 100 180 240 NOTE 1 Information on the relationship bet

37、ween Brinell hardness and tensile strength is indicated in Annex C, and on the relationship between Brinell hardness and wall thickness is indicated in Annex E. NOTE 2 The figures given in bold indicate the maximum Brinell hardness, to which the material designation of the grade is related. a For ea

38、ch grade, Brinell hardness decreases with increasing wall thickness. b By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a narrower hardness range may be adopted at the agreed position on the casting, provided that this is not less than 40 HBW. An example of such a circumstance could be casti

39、ngs for long-series production. c This value is included as the lower limit of the relevant wall-thickness range. 7.4 Graphite structure If the graphite structure is agreed upon, the determination shall be carried out in accordance with 9.3. 8 Sampling 8.1 General Samples shall be made from the same

40、 material as that used to produce the casting(s) which they represent. Several types of samples (separately cast samples, cast-on samples, side-by-side cast samples, samples cut from a casting) can be used, depending on the mass and wall thickness of the casting. When relevant, the type of sample sh

41、ould be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Unless otherwise agreed, the choice of option is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. When the mass of the casting exceeds 1 000 kg and its thickness exceeds 50 mm, cast-on samples should preferably be used; the dimensions and the loc

42、ation of the sample shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order. EN 1561:2011 (E) 10All samples shall be adequately marked to guarantee full traceability to the castings which they represent. The samples shall be subject to the same heat treatmen

43、t, as that of the castings they represent, if any. 8.2 Samples for tensile test 8.2.1 Size of cast samples The size of the sample shall be in correspondence with the relevant wall thickness of the casting as shown in Table 3. If other sizes are used, this, and the minimum tensile value to be obtaine

44、d, shall be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser. Table 3 Types and size of cast sample and size of tensile test pieces in relation to relevant wall thickness of the casting Relevant wall thickness tmm Type of cast sample Preferred diameter of tensile test pieceadmm Separately Side by side

45、Cast-on Type 1Cast-on Type 2(see Figure 1) (see Figure 1) (see Figure 2) (see Figure 3) 10 I I b b 10 10 20 II II 20 20 35 III III 32 35 50 IV IV 32 50 100 c c30 mm 30 mm 20 100 200 50 mm 50 mm 32 a Other diameters, in accordance with Table 4, may be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser

46、. Unless otherwise agreed, the preferred diameter for the test piece shall be used. b Not to be used. c Diameter of cast sample, diameter of tensile test piece and minimum tensile strength to be obtained shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. Unless otherwise agreed, the choice of the t

47、ype is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. 8.2.2 Frequency and number of tests Samples representative of the material shall be produced at a frequency in accordance with the process quality assurance procedures adopted by the manufacturer or as agreed with the purchaser.In the absence of a process quality assurance procedure or any other agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a minimum of one cast sample for the tensile test shall be produced to confirm the material grade, at a frequency to be ag