NFPA 1144-2013 Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire (Effective Date 8 29 2012).pdf

1、NFPA1144 Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire 2013 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization Become a MemberSubscribeto theRegister forSeminars, Webinars, and Online CoursesVisit theNFPA CatalogNOTICE AND

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25、yright 2012 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA1144Standard forReducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire2013 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1144, Standard forReducing Structure Ignition Hazards fromWildland Fire,was prepared by the Technical Committee on Forest a

26、nd Rural Fire Protection, and acted onby NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 1114, 2012, in Las Vegas, NV. Itwas issued by the Standards Council on August 9, 2012, with an effective date of August 29,2012, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 1144 was approv

27、ed as an American National Standard on August 29,2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 1144The basis for NFPA 1144, Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire, wasNFPA 224, Fire Protection and Prevention forSummerHomes in ForestedAreas, originally created in 1935.That document

28、 was developed by the Forest Committee of NFPA and was presented and adoptedat the 1935 Annual Meeting of the Association. In 1952, the document was renumbered NFPA224-T, and in 1953 the title was revised to Fire Prevention Standards for Homes and Camps in ForestedAreas. The document was designated

29、NFPA 224M, Recommended Good Practice for Homes and Campsin ForestAreas, when it was revised in the 1962, 1969, and 1972 editions.In 1974, NFPA 224M was renamed Standard for Homes and Camps in ForestAreas, and was revisedin progressively up-to-date editions in both 1979 and 1985. In 1988, the NFPA Fo

30、rest Committeeand the Correlating Committee on Suburban and Rural Fire Protection and Prevention werecombined into the Technical Committee for Forest and Rural Fire Protection.In 1991, NFPA 224, Standard for Homes and Camps in Forest Areas, was withdrawn, and theForest and Rural Technical Committee

31、incorporated parts of the document into the 1991edition of NFPA 299, Protecting Life and Property from Wildfire. Following the tragic wildfires inthe United States in 1985, which had resulted in the loss of 44 lives and 1400 homes, the 1991edition was revised with a new approach to fire protection.

32、Recent wildland/urban interfacefires, such as the conflagrations in Oakland, CA (1991); Laguna Beach, CA (1993); andMalibu, CA (1996), had shown that fire fighters often are placed in dangerous situations dueto inadequate planning and design of roadways, signs, water supplies, and other infrastruc-t

33、ure considerations. Those fires also demonstrated that the growing population of residentialareas increasingly is encroaching into wildland areas. The fire season of 2000 resulted inrenewed interest in seeking more creative alternative methods to reduce the historical trendof catastrophic fires.In 2

34、002, NFPA 299 was renumbered NFPA 1144 to bring it into sequence with other Forestand Rural Committee documents. NFPA 1144 was officially adopted by state and local govern-ments and adapted for use by numerous jurisdictions involved in planning Firewise Commu-nities. The 2002 edition clarified numer

35、ous requirements in the earlier editions and includeda significant revision of the Wildland Fire Risk and Hazard Severity Assessment system inAnnex B. The committee tested various assessment system versions in several Firewise Com-munities workshops, sponsored by the National Wildland/Urban Interfac

36、e Fire Program,before arriving at the relative values and hazard levels given in the document. The committeeincreased the severity values for non-rated roofing, inadequate separation of vegetation fromstructures, and separation of structures from one another.The 2008 edition, retitled Standard for R

37、educing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire,focused on individual structure hazards and excluded subdivision requirements, which wereincorporated into the 2008 edition of NFPA 1141, Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure forLand Development in Suburban and Rural Areas. The 2008 editio

38、n also required a new spatialapproach to assessing and mitigating wildfire hazards around existing structures and in-cluded improved ignition-resistant requirements for new construction.11441NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Assoc

39、iation, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.In the 2013 edition of NFPA 1144, the committee has provided additional clarification for the definitions of combustible,noncombustible, and ignition-resistant material. In addition to updating references, new requirements for the maintenance anduse of noncombusti

40、ble roof gutters, downspouts, and connections are now included in the document.NFPA 1144 presents basic criteria for fire agencies, land use planners, architects, developers, and local governmentfor planning development in areas that might be threatened by wildfire. This standard, when used as part

41、of acooperative approach among key disciplines, will provide guidance in the design and development of Firewise Com-munities in or near wildland fireprone areas. It is hoped that the requirements set forth in this document will, first,help protect the lives of both residents and fire fighters when w

42、ildfires strike and, second, reduce property damage.11442 REDUCING STRUCTURE IGNITION HAZARDS FROM WILDLAND FIRE2013 EditionTechnical Committee on Forest and Rural Fire ProtectionRandall K. Bradley, ChairMoraga-Orinda Fire District, CA UJames D. Bowman, American Wood Council, WA MMatthew J. Brookman

43、, Combustion Scienceor from human activities such asbuilding or road construction, logging, pruning, thinning, orbrush cutting.3.3.22* Slope. Upward or downward incline or slant, usuallycalculated as a percentage.3.3.23 Structure. That which is built or constructed, an edificeor building of any kind

44、, or any piece of work artificially built upor composed of parts joined together in some definite manner.3.3.24* StructureAssessment. An evaluation to determine thestructures potential to be ignited by an approaching wildlandfire.3.3.25* Structure Ignition Zone. The area around a specificstructure a

45、nd associated accessory structures, including all veg-etation that contains potential ignition sources and fuels that canaffect ignition potential during an intense wildland fire.3.3.26 Water Supply. A source of water for fire-fighting ac-tivities.3.3.27 Wildland Fire. An unplanned and uncontrolled

46、firespreading through vegetative fuels, at times involving structures.11446 REDUCING STRUCTURE IGNITION HAZARDS FROM WILDLAND FIRE2013 Edition3.3.28*Wildland/UrbanInterface. The presence of structuresin locations in which the AHJ determines that topographicalfeatures, vegetation fuel types, local we

47、ather conditions, andprevailing winds result in the potential for ignition of thestructures within the area from flames and firebrands of awildland fire.3.3.29 Wildland/Urban Intermix. An area where improvedproperty and wildland fuels meet with no clearly definedboundary.Chapter 4 Assessing Wildland

48、 Fire Hazards in theStructure Ignition Zone4.1 General.4.1.1* In cases in which the AHJ determines that existing im-proved property is, or a planned property improvement willbe, located in a wildland/urban interface or intermix area, theAHJ shall perform, or cause to be performed, a wildland firehaz

49、ard assessment of each structure ignition zone in the devel-opment to determine relative risk, the extent of wildland firehazard, and applicable mitigation measures.4.1.2* The structure assessment shall, as a minimum, includethe following:(1) Identification and documentation of the wildland firehazards in the ignition zone(s) for each structure withinwildland fire hazard areas, according to the elements andconditions in Section 4.2(2) Determination of mitigation measures for vegetation,other combustibles, and the