NFPA 115-2016 Standard for Laser Fire Protection (Effective Date 02 17 2015).pdf

1、Copyright 2015 National Fire ProtectionAssociation.All Rights Reserved.NFPA115Standard forLaser Fire Protection2016 EditionThis edition of NFPA 115, Standard for Laser Fire Protection, was prepared by the TechnicalCommittee on Laser Fire Protection. It was issued by the Standards Council on January

2、28,2015, with an effective date of February 17, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA115 was approved as anAmerican National Standard on February 17, 2015.Origin and Development of NFPA 115In September 1988, a request was received by the NFPA Standards Council to establish

3、aproject on laser fire protection. At that time, NFPA documents did not address the fire haz-ards of lasers. Existing non-NFPA standards addressed other laser hazards (primarily healthhazards) but did not adequately address the fire hazards involved. In October 1988, theCouncil published a request f

4、or comments on the need for such a project. After reviewingcomments submitted, the Council approved the establishment of a laser fire protectionproject in July 1989. The resultant document (designated NFPA115) was intended to supple-ment existing NFPA documents and other standards involving lasers.

5、Where a particularhazard, such as a flammable liquid, was appropriately addressed by another NFPAdocument,that document was referenced.Lasers can be a significant fire hazard. Class 4 and some Class 3b lasers (classification isfromANSIZ136.1, Safe Use of Lasers)arepowerfulenoughthatthebeamisanigniti

6、onhazard.During use, particularly in the medical field, the laser beam is directly adjacent to combus-tible materials and, in certain clinical procedures, flammable gastrointestinal gases and prep-ping agents. Fire incidents have occurred when the laser beam has impinged on a materialother than the

7、intended target.Additionally, some lasers use flammable liquids as an integral part of their operation. Theflammable liquids are pumped and flow through tubing, which can be quartz or plastic. Bothtypes of tubing are prone to damage, either by breaking or melting, when exposed to a fire.When this oc

8、curs, a flammable liquid pool fire is created.Materials used to fabricate laser systems are often inappropriate with respect to fire safety that is, manufacturers do not always choose component materials with regard to theirignition and heat-release properties. Lasers can involve the use of high-ene

9、rgy power sup-plies. Motors for use with flammable liquids need to be intrinsically safe or of approvedelectrical classification.As part of an ongoing effort to document the fire hazards of lasers, there is a database offires involving lasers. (Documented incidents have occurred in hospitals, resear

10、ch laborato-ries, and industrial applications.) According to the data gathered thus far, the majority ofincidents involve the laser beam as the ignition source. Materials ignited include adjacentcombustibles as well as components of the laser itself. Other incidents have involved compo-nents of the

11、laser overheating or igniting due to a failure of the laser system.In the 1999 edition of this document, changes were made to conform to the NFPAManualof Style.Inaddition,manyofthereferencesto“flammable”liquidswerechangedto“ignitible”liquids because “flammable” was too restrictive.In the 2003 editio

12、n, the document changed from a recommended practice to a standard.Therefore, all of the language within the body of the document was changed to enforceablelanguage, and any recommendations or advisory information was moved to the annexes.The 2008 edition was revised in order to stay current with all

13、 other NFPAdocuments. Thedefinitions were updated and the language was changed where appropriate, in order to add1151NFPAand National Fire ProtectionAssociation are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.clarity.Anew requirement was added, which

14、 called for fire training for health care facilitators wherever a patient maybe in contact with lasers.The2012editionwasupdatedanddefinitionschangedinaccordancewiththe NFPAGlossary ofTerms.Thelanguagewas clarified for pre-fire planning for staff members to be trained and knowledgeable in emergency p

15、rocedures.The 2016 edition has been updated with the current references and definitions in accordance with the NFPAGlossary of Terms. In addition to the language being revised to clarify requirements, the list of degraded componentsthat could lead to a fire in the Performance Monitoring section was

16、updated.1152 LASER FIRE PROTECTION2016 EditionTechnical Committee on Laser Fire ProtectionSharon S. Gilyeat, ChairKoffelAssociates, Inc., MD SEDaniel Capostagno, SPI Lasers, CAMRichard L. P. Custer, Arup Fire, MASESean Frenette, Hartford Healthcare, CT UDaniel J. Hewett, U.S. Food and DrugAdministra

17、tion,MD EWilliam J. Pate, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX UGary C. Rosenfield, RCS Rocket Motor Components,Inc./Survival Laser, Inc., UT MFred P. Seeber, Laser Institute of Technology, NJ UKarl R. Umstadter, KLA-Tencor, CAMJeffrey Webb, Boulder Rural Fire Protection District,CO EJacqueline R.

18、 Wilmot, NFPAStaff LiaisonThis list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time,changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.NOTE:Membershiponacommitteeshallnotinando

19、fitselfconstituteanendorsementoftheAssociationorany document developed by the committee on which the member serves.Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on fire protection forlaser equipment, including their safe installation, use, and maintenance.1153COMMIT

20、TEE PERSONNEL2016 EditionContentsChapter 1 Administration . 11551.1 Scope . 11551.2 Purpose . 11551.3 Application 11551.4 Retroactivity . 11551.5 Equivalency 11551.6 Interface with Existing Codes andStandards 1155Chapter 2 Referenced Publications . 11552.1 General . 11552.2 NFPAPublications . 11552.

21、3 Other Publications . 11552.4 References for Extracts in MandatorySections 1156Chapter 3 Definitions 11563.1 General . 11563.2 NFPAOfficial Definitions 11563.3 General Definitions . 1156Chapter 4 Classification of Lasers . 11584.1 Classification Methods 11584.2 Application of Requirements . 1158Cha

22、pter 5 Evaluation of Laser Beam IgnitionPotential . 11585.1 General . 11585.2 FactorsAffecting Ignition Potential 1158Chapter 6 Laser Beam Ignition 11586.1 General . 11586.2 Before Using Laser 11586.3 Education 11586.4 Facility 1158Chapter 7 Fire Safety Requirements for LaserEquipment . 11597.1 Gene

23、ral . 11597.2 Laser Equipment Employing IgnitibleLiquids or Flammable Gases 11597.3 Materials of Construction 11597.4 Laser Equipment Ventilation 11597.5 Alarms and Controls 11597.6 Manuals and Training 11510Chapter 8 Flammable Gases 115108.1 General . 115108.2 Work Practices 115108.3 Fire Safety 11

24、5108.4 Facilities and Equipment . 115108.5 Electrical Requirements 115118.6 Training 11511Chapter 9 Reactive Gases . 115119.1 General . 115119.2 Work Practices 115119.3 Fire Safety 115119.4 Facilities and Equipment . 115119.5 Electrical Requirements 115129.6 Training 11512Chapter 10 Ignitible Liquid

25、s Used in LaserSystems . 1151210.1 General . 1151210.2 Work Practices 1151210.3 Fire Safety 1151210.4 Facilities and Equipment . 1151210.5 Electrical Requirements 1151210.6 Large-Volume Ignitible Liquid Systems . 1151210.7 Spill Cleanup 1151310.8 Waste Disposal 1151310.9 Training 1151310.10 Maintena

26、nce 11513Chapter 11 Operations/Administration 1151311.1 Safety Operations andAdministration 1151311.2 Housekeeping 1151311.3 Maintenance and Service 1151311.4 Training and Education 11514Chapter 12 Emergency Preparedness . 1151412.1 Pre-Fire Planning 1151412.2 Training 1151412.3 Fire Brigades 115141

27、2.4 Emergency Shutdown . 1151412.5 Fire Procedure 11514Annex A Explanatory Material . 11514Annex B Nature of Hazards . 11516Annex C Education and Training 11516Annex D Classification of Lasers 11516Annex E Flash Point 11517Annex F Informational References . 11518Index . 115201154 LASER FIRE PROTECTI

28、ON2016 EditionNFPA 115Standard forLaser Fire Protection2016 EditionIMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available foruse subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These noticesand disclaimers appear in all publications containing this documentand may be found under the heading “Impor

29、tant Notices and Dis-claimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be obtainedon request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letterdesignating a paragraph indicates that explanatory materialon the paragraph can be found inAnnexA.Arefer

30、enceinbracketsfollowingasectionorparagraphindicates material that has been extracted from another NFPAdocument.Asanaidtotheuser,thecompletetitleandeditionof the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections ofthe document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts ininformational sections a

31、re given in Annex F. Extracted textmay be edited for consistency and style and may include therevision of internal paragraph references and other refer-ences as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisionsof extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re-sponsible for the sourc

32、e document.Information on referenced publications can be found inChapter 2 andAnnex F.Chapter 1 Administration1.1 Scope.1.1.1 This document shall provide minimum fire protectionrequirements for the design, manufacture, installation, anduse of lasers and associated equipment.1.1.2 Criteria for traini

33、ng for and responding to fire emer-gencies involving lasers shall be included.1.2 Purpose. This document shall provide requirements in-tended to prevent or mitigate the effects of fire involving lasers.1.3 Application. This document shall apply to lasers capableof producing a beam ignition hazard, l

34、asers utilizing materialsor components presenting a fire hazard, and the areas wheresuch lasers are used.1.4 Retroactivity.Theprovisionsofthisstandardreflectacon-sensus of what is necessary to provide an acceptable degree ofprotection from the hazards addressed in this standard at thetime the standa

35、rd was issued.1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this stan-dard shall not apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or in-stallations that existed or were approved for construction orinstallation prior to the effective date of the standard. Wherespecified, the provisions of this s

36、tandard shall be retroactive.1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdictiondetermines that the existing situation presents an unaccept-able degree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall bepermitted to apply retroactively any portions of this standarddeemed appropriate.1.4.3 T

37、he retroactive requirements of this standard shall bepermitted to be modified if their application clearly would beimpractical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdic-tion, and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonabledegree of safety is provided.1.5 Equivalency. Nothing in this st

38、andard is intended to pre-vent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent orsuperior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, dura-bility, and safety over those prescribed by this standard.1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the au-thority having jurisdiction to

39、demonstrate equivalency.1.5.2 Thesystem,method,ordeviceshallbeapprovedfortheintended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.1.6 Interface with Existing Codes and Standards.1.6.1 When interface with existing NFPA or other consensuscodes and standards occurs, reference shall be made in thetext t

40、o the appropriate source.1.6.2 Due to the unique fire hazards associated with lasersand their operations, this standard shall provide additionalfire safety requirements beyond that of other documents.Chapter 2 Referenced Publications2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in thischapte

41、r are referenced within this standard and shall be con-sidered part of the requirements of this document.2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association,1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA02169-7471.NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2013 edi-tion.NFPA 13, Standard for the In

42、stallation of Sprinkler Systems,2013 edition.NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2015 edi-tion.NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code, 2013edition.NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2014 edition.NFPA99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2015 edition.NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2

43、015 edition.NFPA600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, 2015 edition.NFPA704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazardsof Materials for Emergency Response, 2012 edition.2.3 Other Publications.2.3.1 ANSI Publications. Laser Institute of America, Secre-tariat of ANSI Z136, 13501 Ingenui

44、ty Drive, Suite 128, Orlando,FL32826 (www.laserinstitute.org).ANSI Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers, 2014.ANSI Z136.3, Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care Facilities, 2011.ANSI Z136.5, Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions, 2009.2.3.2 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr Har-bor Drive, P

45、.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959.ASTM D5, Standard Test Method for Penetration of BituminousMaterials, June 1, 2013.ASTMD4359,StandardTestforDeterminingWhetheraMaterialIs a Liquid or a Solid, 2012.1155REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS2016 Edition2.3.3 CGA Publications. Compressed Gas Association,

46、 4221Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA20151-2923.CGAV-1,Standard forCompressed Gas CylinderValve Outlet andInlet Connections, 2013.2.3.4 IEC Publications. Available from American NationalStandards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th floor, New York, NY10036, U.S. National Committee for the IEC (

47、www.ansi.org).IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment clas-sification, requirements and users guide, Ed 1.2, 2007-03.2.3.5 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington,DC 20402.OSHA Instruction Pub 8-1.7, Guidelines for Laser S

48、afety andHazard Assessment,August 5, 1991.Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1040, Chap-ter 1, “Performance Standards for Light Emitting Prod-ucts,” April 1, 2014.Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1040.10 and1040.11,April 1, 2013.Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.3

49、8(b)(4)(i).Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations.Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.2.3.6 Other Publications.The Joint Commission documents.Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2015 edi-tion.NFPA 53, Recommended Practice on Materials, Equipment, andSystems Used in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres, 2011 edition.NFPA59A, Sta