NFPA 220H-2012 Standard on Types of Building Construction Handbook.pdf

1、NFPA220Standard on Types of Building Construction Handbook 2012220NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USAAn International Codes and Standards OrganizationNFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471An International Codes and Standards OrganizationNFPA220 Standard on Types ofAnnotat

2、ed by Tracy VecchiarelliBuilding ConstructionHandbook 2012Copyright 2013National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights reserved. About this Handbook EditionThis PDF contains the complete 2012 edition of NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Co

3、nstruc-tion, annotated to assist the readers understanding of the standards language and the intent behind it. The annotations are not part of the NFPA Standard but provide a valuable commen-tary reflecting the views, explanations, and insights of authors and contributors selected by the NFPA based

4、on their knowledge of and experience with the standard.How to Navigate Between the Text of the Standard and the AnnotationsNavigate between code or standard text and annotations by using hyperlinked icons and code numbers.While in code or standard text, click on hyperlinked icon* to the left of the

5、standard sec-tion to navigate to corresponding annotations. Click on the hyperlinked annotative standard section number 1.1 to return to previous standard section.*Please note, only the sections featuring icons contain annotations.For longer blocks of annotations, it is recommended that you enable t

6、he back arrow functional-ity in Acrobats page navigation menu, which will also allow you to return to the previous stan-dard section.How to Ensure You Have the Most Up-to-Date Version of the NFPA StandardThe NFPA Standard, in the edition contained herein, is current as of the effective date des-igna

7、ted at the time the standard was issued 2012. This Handbook Edition does not, however, include errata, tentative interim amendments (TIAs), or formal interpretations (FIs) that may have been issued after the effective date. For all errata, TIAs, or FIs that may have been issued since the effective d

8、ate, or for any new editions that may have superseded this edition, please visit the “Document Information pages” link for the relevant NFPA Standard located in the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org.IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAI

9、MERS CONCERNING THE HANDBOOK EDITIONNotice and Disclaimer Concerning LiabilityNotice Concerning Interpretations Contained in the AnnotationsISBN: 978-1455906840Publication of this (ANDBOOKEdition is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical

10、safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPAnor the contributors to this (ANDBOOKEdition guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connec-tion with the information and opinions contained in this (ANDBOOK%

11、dition. The NFPA and thecontributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this (ANDBOOK Edit

12、ioNThis (ANDBOOK Edition is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contribu-tors to this (ANDBOOK Edition are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting torender engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate

13、professional should be sought.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), includ-ing the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition, are made available for usesubject to Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Documents, which are sepa-rately

14、 bookmarked and viewable in this (ANDBOOKEdition, and which can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), including the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition are developed in accordancewith the publishe

15、d procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. In this (ANDBOOKEdition the text of the NFPADocument is accompanied with annotations providing explanation and commentary on the meaning and intent of the Document. The annotation

16、s contained in this (ANDBOOK Edition are not a part of the NFPA Documentand do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The annotations, t

17、herefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the author or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.Copyright 2011 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA220Standard onTypes of Building Construction2

18、012 EditionThis edition of NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, was prepared by the Tech-nical Committee on Building Construction. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 31,2011, with an effective date of June 20, 2011, and supersedes all previous editions.A tentative interim

19、 amendment (TIA) to 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 4.1.5, and 4.1.6 was issued on August 11,2011. For further information on tentative interim amendments, see Section 5 of the NFPA Regu-lations Governing Committee Projects available at: http:/www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/CodesStandards/TIAErrataFI/TIARegs.pdf.This

20、edition of NFPA 220 was approved as an American National Standard on June 20, 2011.Origin and Development of NFPA 220In 1952, the Committee on Building Construction secured tentative adoption of NFPA 220,Standard on Types of Building Construction, at the NFPA Annual Meeting. At the 1954 NFPA AnnualM

21、eeting, revisions of the 1952 tentative text were adopted by the Association, and in 1955 minorrevisions also were acted on favorably.Anew definition of noncombustibility and editorial changes inthe description of the fire resistance rating of structural members (under the definition of fire-resisti

22、ve construction) were adopted at the 1956 NFPA Annual Meeting on the recommendation ofthe Committee on Building Construction.In 1958, with the development of the use of plastics in building construction, recommen-dations on the types of standard fire tests to be used in evaluating the fire safety of

23、 thesematerials were adopted and inserted in the appendix.In 1961, an appendix was adopted to furnish a guide to NFPA committees, regulatoryofficials, and others that addressed the classification of air-supported structures.In 1975, a more fundamental definition of noncombustible was added, includin

24、g the intro-duction of a definition of the term limited-combustible, based on potential heat value limitationsand more generalized definitions for types of building construction.In 1979, the standard was extensively rewritten to introduce the nomenclature related toconstruction Type I through Type V

25、, which included parenthetically placed hourly fire resis-tance designations of the structural components.The 1985 edition included the addition of a new Chapter 4, which provided referencedpublications whose use is mandated within this standard. The 1992 and 1995 editions pro-vided changes in techn

26、ical terminology as well as changes to increase the user-friendliness ofthe standard.The 1999 edition implemented a number of relatively minor changes, including the additionof several new definitions, the addition of a new requirement pertaining to exterior nonload-bearing walls, and a new provisio

27、n concerning the use of heavy timber exterior walls.In the 2006 edition, NFPA 220 became an extract document of NFPA 5000, Section 7.2. Atthe request of the Standards Council, the new edition provided users with a stand-alone set ofrequirements for construction types and fire resistance ratings of s

28、tructural elements.The 2009 edition provided updates to the extracted text that was sourced back toNFPA 5000 and NFPA 90A. These revisions included updates to the test protocols used toestablish flame spread/smoke developed index values, modified criteria for materials used inair handling plenum spa

29、ces, and provided recognition of the new criteria used to determinebuilding height and grade geometries.The 2012 edition has been updated to reflect changes in NFPA 5000 and NFPA 90A. Revi-sions include updates to the requirements for plenums and noncombustible materials.2201NFPA and National Fire P

30、rotection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Building ConstructionJoseph H. Versteeg, ChairVersteeg Associates, CT ERep. International Fire Marshals AssociationFarid Alfawakhiri, American Iron and Stee

31、l Institute,IL MRaymond J. Battalora, Aon/Schirmer EngineeringCorporation, TX IJesse J. Beitel, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD SEDavid S. Collins, The Preview Group, Inc., OH SERep. American Institute of ArchitectsRichard J. Davis, FM Global, MA IAlan J. Dopart, Willis of New Jersey, NJ IVictor L. Dubr

32、owski, Code Consultants, Inc., MO SEDavid W. Frable, U.S. General Services Administration,IL USam W. Francis, American Forest whereas, for the process-ing of NFPA 220 and NFPA 221, this committee does not report to the NFPA 5000 TCC.2202 TYPES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION2012 EditionContentsChapter 1 Ad

33、ministration . 22041.1 Scope 22041.2 Purpose . 22041.3 Application. (Reserved) . 22041.4 Retroactivity 22041.5 Equivalency . 22041.6 Units . 2204Chapter 2 Referenced Publications . 22042.1 General 22042.2 NFPA Publications 22042.3 Other Publications . 22042.4 References for Extracts in MandatorySect

34、ions . 2205Chapter 3 Definitions 22053.1 General 22053.2 NFPA Official Definitions . 22053.3 General Definitions 2205Chapter 4 Types of Construction 22054.1 General 22054.2 Reserved 22074.3 Type I (442 or 332) and Type II (222,111, or 000) Construction . 22074.4 Type III (211 or 200) Construction .

35、22084.5 Type IV (2HH) Construction 22084.6 Type V (111 or 000) Construction 2209Chapter 5 Fire Resistance Rating Requirementsfor Structural Elements 22095.1 Fire Resistance Rating Requirements 2209Annex A Explanatory Material . 22010Annex B Informational References . 22011Index . 220122203CONTENTS20

36、12 EditionNFPA 220Standard onTypes of Building Construction2012 EditionIMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available foruse subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These noticesand disclaimers appear in all publications containing this documentand may be found under the heading “I

37、mportant Notices and Dis-claimers Concerning NFPA Documents.” They can also be obtainedon request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letterdesignating a paragraph indicates that explanatory materialon the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

38、Changes other than editorial are indicated by a verticalrule beside the paragraph, table, or figure in which thechange occurred. These rules are included as an aid to theuser in identifying changes from the previous edition. Whereone or more complete paragraphs have been deleted, the de-letion is in

39、dicated by a bullet () between the paragraphs thatremain.A reference in brackets following a section or paragraphindicates material that has been extracted from another NFPAdocument. As an aid to the user, the complete title and editionof the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections ofthe

40、 document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts ininformational sections are given in Annex B. Extracted textmay be edited for consistency and style and may include therevision of internal paragraph references and other refer-ences as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisionsof

41、extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re-sponsible for the source document.Information on referenced publications can be found inChapter 2 and Annex B.Chapter 1 Administration1.1* Scope. This standard defines types of building constructionbased on the combustibility and the fire re

42、sistance rating of abuildings structural elements. Fire walls, nonbearing exteriorwalls, nonbearing interior partitions, fire barrier walls, shaft en-closures, and openings in walls, partitions, floors, and roofs arenot related to the types of building construction and are regu-lated by other standa

43、rds and codes, where appropriate.1.2 Purpose. This standard provides definitions for standardtypes of building construction.1.3 Application. (Reserved)1.4 Retroactivity.1.4.1 The provisions of this standard reflect a consensus ofwhat is necessary to provide an acceptable degree of protec-tion from t

44、he hazards addressed in this standard at the timethe standard was issued.1.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this stan-dard shall not apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or in-stallations that existed or were approved for construction orinstallation prior to the effective dat

45、e of the standard. Wherespecified, the provisions of this standard shall be retroactive.1.4.3 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction de-termines that the existing situation presents an unacceptable de-gree of risk, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permittedto apply retroact

46、ively any portions of this standard deemed ap-propriate.1.4.4 The retroactive requirements of this standard shall be per-mitted to be modified if their application clearly would be im-practical in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction,and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonabl

47、e degree ofsafety is provided.1.5 Equivalency.1.5.1 Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent the useof systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior qual-ity, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safetyover those prescribed by this standard.1.5.2 Technical docume

48、ntation shall be submitted to the au-thority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. Thesystem, method, or device shall be approved for the intendedpurpose by the authority having jurisdiction.1.6 Units.1.6.1 SI Units. Metric units in this standard are in accordancewith the modernized metric

49、 system known as the Interna-tional System of Units (SI).1.6.2 Primary and Equivalent Values. If a value for a measure-ment as given in this standard is followed by an equivalent valuein other units, the first stated value shall be regarded as the re-quirement. A given equivalent value might be approximate.Chapter 2 Referenced Publications2.1 General. documents or portions thereof listed in thischapter are referenced