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NFPA 259-2013 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials (Effective Date 12 17 2012).pdf

1、NFPA259 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials 2013 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPADOCUMENTSNOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFP

2、A DOCUMENTSNFPAcodes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represe

3、nting varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the sou

4、ndness of any judgments contained in NFPA Documents. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA

5、Documents. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Documents available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFP

6、A undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. The

7、 NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Documents. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the require

8、ments of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. 12 /12ISBN: 978-145590583-6 (Print)ISBN: 978-145590628-4 (PDF)REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA DOCUMENTSUsers of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guide

9、s (“NFPA Documents”) should be aware that NFPA Documents may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Am

10、endment and any Errata then in effect.In order to determine whether an NFPA Document has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specif

11、ic information including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata.To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Document go to http:/www.nfpa.org/document for a list of NFPA Documents, and click on the appropriate Document number (e.g., NFPA 101). In addition to posting all e

12、xisting Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPADOCUME

13、NTSADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERSUpdating of NFPA Documents Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issu

14、ance of Tentative Interim Amendments. An official NFPA Document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has

15、been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire CodesSubscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below.Interpreta

16、tions of NFPA Documents A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing Committee Projects shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal I

17、nterpretation.Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Document. The users of NFPA Documents bear the sole responsibility for determining the validity of any such patent rights, as

18、well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Documents.NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American N

19、ational Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy:NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Document may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validi

20、ty of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has filed a statement of willingness to grant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nond

21、iscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such filed statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below.Law and Regulations Users of NFPA Documents should consult applicable fede

22、ral, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.Copyrights NFPA Documents are copyright

23、ed. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoptio

24、n by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Documents for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing infor

25、mation only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorities are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Coun

26、cil) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Documents, contact NFPA at the address below.For Further Information All questions or other communications relating to NFPA Documents and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its code

27、s and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA documents during regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attentio

28、n of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.orgFor more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org.12/11Copyright 2013 National Fire ProtectionAssociation.All Rights Reserved.NFPA259Standard Test Me

29、thod forPotential Heat of Building Materials2013 EditionThis edition of NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, waspreparedbytheTechnicalCommitteeonFireTests.ItwasissuedbytheStandardsCouncilonNovember 27, 2012, with an effective date of December 17, 2012, and superse

30、des all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA 259 was approved as an American National Standard on Decem-ber 17, 2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 259This standard is based on a test method developed at the National Bureau of Standards in1961. Consideration of the test method by the NFPA was begun

31、 in 1973, culminating in thestandardthatwasadoptedin1976,reconfirmedin1981,andrevisedatthe1986FallMeeting.The 1993 edition was a reconfirmation of the 1987 edition.The1998editionwascompletelyrewritten,incorporatingeditorialchangeswiththeelimi-nation of nonmandatory language. The only significant tec

32、hnical change was the incorpora-tion of the requirement of two tests for a product to determine its heat of combustion. Amaximum 10 percent variation was permitted; otherwise, a third test was required.Also in 1998, a newAppendixAwas added, providing explanatory material.AnewAppen-dix C containing m

33、aterial extracted from Appendix C of NFPA 220, Standard on Types ofBuilding Construction, was added for informational purposes.The2003editionofNFPA259wasupdatedtoincorporatetherequirementsoftheManualof Style for NFPATechnical Committee Documents.The 2008 edition of NFPA259 was a reconfirmation of th

34、e 2003 edition.The 2013 edition was updated to include a new test limitation, revised oxygen bombcalorimeter requirements, and revised annex material.2591NFPAand National Fire ProtectionAssociation are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Tech

35、nical Committee on Fire TestsBarry L. Badders, Jr., ChairSouthwest Research Institute, TX RTFarid Alfawakhiri, American Iron and Steel Institute,IL MJesse J. Beitel, HughesAssociates, Inc., MD SERhonda P. Byrne, QAI Laboratories, CARTGordon H. Damant, Inter-City Testing ASTM E 1354, Standard Test Me

36、thod forHeat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and ProductsUsing an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter (Cone Calorimeter); andASTM E 1474, Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Re-lease Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components orCom-posites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Con

37、sumption Calorimeter, forupholstered furniture and mattress composites. For determin-ing heat release rates of specific products, such as upholsteredfurniture, mattresses, textile wall coverings, and interior fin-ish, ASTM E 1537, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Uphol-stered Seating Furnitu

38、re; ASTM E 1590, Standard Fire Test for FireTesting of Mattresses; NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests forEvaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or ExpandedVinyl Wall Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls; andNFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribu-tion

39、 of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, respec-tively, can be used. NFPA 289, Standard Method of Fire Test forIndividual Fuel Packages, was developed in order to assess theheat release of individual products or fuel packages under avariety of exposure conditions.A.4.3 At least one

40、testing laboratory has experienced somedifficulty in achieving consistent results for materials that con-tain CaCO3, CaSO4, or CaSiO3, since apparently these chemi-cals (inorganic salts) tend to react endothermically with thebenzoic acid combustion promoter. Such a reaction has beendescribed as foll

41、ows:CaSO 2C CaS 2CO42+= +When this reaction occurs, two corrections generally arerequired to be made to the gross heat of combustion deter-mined by the oxygen bomb calorimetry method: a correctionfor the unburned benzoic acid as prescribed in the test proce-dure and a correction for the endothermic

42、redox reactiondescribed in the equation. Both of these corrections can beroughly estimated by quantification of sulfur in the bomb resi-due. Experimentation with other combustion promoters dis-covered that paraffin oil worked best and provided the mostconsistent results when such chemicals were pres

43、ent in thematerials being evaluated.It should be noted that this phenomenon has been found inthe presence of calcium-containing materials and is probably anacidbase reaction. Therefore, it is also likely to occur with anymaterials that are alkaline, such as metal hydroxides, with someinorganicsalts,

44、orwithsomeothersimilarchemicalsaswell.How-ever, it has not been investigated with materials for which acidbase reactions do not occur. Thus, the testing laboratory shouldbesuspiciousoftheuseofbenzoicacidwhensignificanterrorsorvariations occur in the gross heat of combustion determined bythismethod.I

45、nthosecases,itcanbeappropriatetouseaparaffinoil combustion promoter. An appropriate paraffin oil shouldhave a known heat of combustion and contain 99.5 percent par-affinic hydrocarbons. For example, a value of gross heat of com-bustionof46.2MJ/kgisreferencedforaparticulartypeofparaf-fin oil in The S

46、FPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. It shouldalso be noted that the heat of combustion of paraffin oil cancover a range of values, depending on its chemical composition.The following information has not been independently verified,certified, or endorsed by the NFPA or this technical committ

47、ee:The paraffin oil distributed by the Zeco Corporation as part No.501-439,whichhasaheatofcombustionof45.5MJ/kg0.1MJ/kg, has been found suitable by at least one laboratory.A.5.1 For the sizes of the test specimens, see 6.1.2 and Sec-tion 7.1.A.5.1.2 For example, a 1 percent proportion should have ar

48、ange of 0.95 percent to 1.05 percent.A.6.1.1 While many materials can be suitably made into a pow-der form using a clean carbide double-bastard file or mortar andpestle,orboth,itcansometimesbeusefultofreeze(withdryice)materials containing asphaltic, mastic, or plastic componentsprior to filing, or t

49、o use mechanical blenders, ball or hammermills, grinders, milling or lathe cutters, and so on. For laminatedmaterials, it can be preferable to separate the test specimen intocomponent layers and to grind, file, or pulverize each compo-nent separately. The powdered components then can be mixedintimately in proportion to their original mass fractions and themixture tested, or each component can be tested separately andthe contributions of heat combined in proportion to each com-ponents original mass fraction.A.6.1.3 Any loss in the mass of the component materials dur-in

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