NFPA 45-2015 en Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals (Effective Date 12 01 2014).pdf

1、NFPA 45 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals 2015 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591037-3 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591083-0 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTAND

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29、ndards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA45Standard onFire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, wasp

30、repared by the Technical Committee on Laboratories Using Chemicals. It was issued by theStandards Council on November 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, andsupersedes all previous editions.A Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) to 1.1.2 was issued on November 11, 2014. Forfurther inf

31、ormation on tentative interim amendments, see Section 5 of the Regulations Gov-erning the Development of NFPA Standards, available at: http:/www.nfpa.org/regsThis edition of NFPA 45 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 45The first edition of

32、 NFPA 45 was developed by the Technical Committee on Chemistry Labo-ratories. It was tentatively adopted at the 1974 NFPAAnnual Meeting and was officially adopted atthe 1975 NFPA Fall Meeting. The committee wishes to acknowledge that NFPA 45 is due in largepart to the leadership and efforts of the l

33、ate Russell H. Scott, who served as chairman of thecommittee during the planning and drafting stages of the first edition of NFPA 45. After thedocument had been in use for two years, the technical committee began an exhaustive review ofthe text; amendments were adopted for the 1982, 1986, and 1991 e

34、ditions.The 1996 edition of NFPA 45 included clarification on the scope and application of thestandard as it applied to various types of educational, industrial, and medical laboratoryfacilities. Clarification of objectives was made to ensure a fire is contained to the room oforigin. The requirement

35、s for maximum quantities of flammable and combustible liquids,construction, and fire protection in laboratory units were separated into two tables, one forsprinklered laboratory units and the other for nonsprinklered laboratory units. In addition,the committee revised the fire hazard classifications

36、 to recognize that clinical laboratorieswere using this standard as directed by NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, and toidentify that NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, no longer addresses laboratory occupancies.The 2000 edition of NFPA 45 included modified laboratory separation requirements, a

37、ndnonsprinklered laboratories of Class A or B and Class C over 929 m2(10,000 ft2) wereprohibited. Expanded requirements and advisory information for compressed and liquefiedgases were added. Additional changes included modified laboratory ventilating systems andhood requirements. Average face veloci

38、ty is used to determine the safe operating levels forhood exhaust systems. Changes were made to address the current industry trend in the utili-zation of VAV (Variable Air Volume) laboratory ventilation systems, which provide clear re-quirements for the containment of contaminants within the hood. T

39、he language was clarifiedregarding multiple or manifold exhaust ducts within buildings.The 2004 edition of NFPA 45 included a new requirement that all new laboratories must beprotected with automatic extinguishing systems. Pressurized liquid dispensing containers notpreviously recognized but indirec

40、tly prohibited because of quantity restrictions were defined,addressed, and regulated. Clarification of the scope was provided for labs containing theminimum quantity of either flammable and combustible liquids or gas that would qualify thelab for coverage under NFPA 45. Clarification was also made

41、that the minimum quantity of gasdoes not include low-pressure utility gas in accordance with NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.The 2004 edition included expanded advisory material on biological safety cabinets andrecognition of listed Class II, Type B2 biological safety cabinets in lieu of chemical fu

42、mehoods under certain circumstances. All flammable and combustible liquids requirementswere consolidated into one chapter. Requirements were incorporated to limit hazchem stor-age spill scenarios to less than 20 L (5 gal). Expanded requirements and advisory informationwere created for compressed and

43、 liquefied gases. Maximum quantity requirements were clari-fied for outside cylinder storage.451NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.The 2011 edition of NFPA 45 included major modifications to

44、 Chapters 4, 5, 9, 10, and 11 to modify the design,construction, and operational requirements for laboratories located in buildings over 1 story in height. Height restric-tions were added for Class A and B laboratory units. The fire resistance rating of laboratory units, height restrictions,and quan

45、tities of hazardous materials were modified for laboratory units depending upon the height of the buildingcontaining the laboratories. Laboratories located in health care facilities previously covered by NFPA 99 were added toNFPA 45. Hazardous materials in storage or use in a laboratory work area th

46、at could present an explosion hazard werequantified. Requirements for the management of time-sensitive chemicals were clarified.The 2015 edition of NFPA 45 includes a new chapter on Educational and Instructional Laboratories. The standardapplies to all educational and instructional laboratories, ind

47、ependent of the quantity of chemicals present. Require-ments for Class A, B, C, and D laboratory units permitted below grade were clarified in Chapter 5, and requirementsfor fire retardant clothing, inert atmosphere glove boxes, handling pyrophoric reagents and water reactive materials,and open flam

48、e operations were added in Chapters 6, 7, and 11. Supplementary information on laboratory units wasexpanded to provide additional guidance. Because explosion hazard protection is no longer within the scope ofNFPA 45, the chapter by that title was removed and the information was relocated to Annex C.

49、452 FIRE PROTECTION FOR LABORATORIES USING CHEMICALS2015 EditionTechnical Committee on Laboratories Using ChemicalsAndrew Minister, ChairBattelle Northwest Laboratory, WA URichard R. Anderson, Anderson Risk Consultants, NJ SERaymond E. Arntson, Rayden Research, LLC, WI SEWilliam H. Barlen, Barlen and Associates, Inc., NJ MRep. Airgas, Inc. and Purification Technologies Inc.Michael F. Cooper, Harley Ellis Devereaux, MI SEJohn L. Dembishack, III, Connecticut State FireMarshals Office, CT EWilliam A. Eckholm, Firetrace International, AZ MJason Ellis University