NFPA 557-2016 Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design (Effective Date 6 15 2015).pdf

1、NFPA 557 Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design 2016 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards OrganizationIMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA DOCUMENTS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY

2、 CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA DOCUMENTS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings

3、 together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on re and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of

4、any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, us

5、e of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person

6、 or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in an

7、y given circumstances. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certication or other statement of com

8、pliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certier or maker of the statement. REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDS Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware th

9、at NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In

10、 order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specic information including any issued Tentat

11、ive Interim Amendments and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specic NFPA Standard, go to http:/www.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature on the right to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 101). In addition to posting all exi

12、sting Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notication when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. ISBN: 978-145591180-6 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591217-9 (PDF)IM

13、PORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editi

14、ons or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to

15、determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA websi

16、te at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpretations of NFPA Standards A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the ofcial position of NFPA o

17、r any of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Stand

18、ards bear the sole responsibility for determining the validity of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards. NFPA adheres to the policy of the

19、 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy: NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard ma

20、y require use of an invention covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder h

21、as led a statement of willingness to grant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such led statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the addr

22、ess listed below. Law and Regulations Users of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws,

23、and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights NFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the pro

24、motion of safe practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by referen

25、ce. The term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents

26、, adopting authorities are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications rel

27、ating to NFPA Standards and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards

28、during regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All

29、 NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.557-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reser

30、ved. NFPA 557 Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design 2016 Edition This edition of NFPA 557, Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazard and Risk of Contents and

31、 Furnishings. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 26, 2015, with an effective date of June 15, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 557 was approved as an American National Standard on June 15, 2015. Origin and Development of NFPA 557 The 2012 edition marked the

32、 rst edition of NFPA 557, Standard for Determination of Fire Loads for Use in Structural Fire Protection Design. This document dates back to 2003, when it was proposed that NFPA create a document to address the need for guidance and standardization in the area of structural re engineering. The Techn

33、ical Committee on Hazard and Risk of Contents and Furnishings was assigned the document and work began shortly thereafter. NFPA 557 addresses the determination of the re load and re load density to be used as the basis for the evaluation and design of the structural re performance of a building. The

34、 purpose of NFPA 557 is to provide standard methods and values for use in the determination of re loads and re load densities for design-basis res. This is done using a risk framework. Two methodologies are detailed in the document: an occupancy-based density method and a survey-based method. The 20

35、16 edition contains new language that requires the evaluation of a re load to be prepared by an approved person and requires the building owner to be responsible for conrming that anticipated re load densities will not exceed values used for the design. New language in Chapter 4 provides required pe

36、rformance and test criteria for noncombustible and limited-combustible materials. Additional updates to terminology, denitions, and referenced publications have been made throughout the document to reect current industry standards and technology.DETERMINATION OF FIRE LOADS FOR USE IN STRUCTURAL FIRE

37、 PROTECTION DESIGN 557-2 2016 Edition Technical Committee on Hazard and Risk of Contents and Furnishings Steven D. Wolin, Chair Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc., SC M Farid Alfawakhiri, American Iron and Steel Institute, IL M Craig L. Beyler, Hughes Associates/RJA Group, MD SE David A. Bov

38、erman, Greenacre, NSW, Australia E Elizabeth C. Buc, Fire & Materials Research Laboratory, LLC, MI RT David G. Bueche, Hoover Treated Wood Products, CO M Michael T. Burr, Safety Engineering Laboratories, Inc., MI RT Marcos Chaos, FM Global, MA I Cam Cope, Auto Fire and Safety Consultants, TX SE Albe

39、rto Cusimano, Alstom Power Inc., Switzerland M Gordon H. Damant, Inter-City Testing & Consulting Corp. of California, CA SE Jason Daniels, Code Consultants, Inc., MO SE Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International, CA SE Xianxu Hu, Insurance Services Ofce, Inc., NJ I William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates,

40、 Inc., MD SE Sergei V. Levchik, Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL-IP), NY M Richard T. Long, Jr., Exponent, Inc., MD M Rep. Upholstered Furniture Action Council Jeffrey Santrock, General Motors LLC, MI M Rep. Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers Dwayne E. Sloan, UL LLC, NC RT Peter J. Willse, XL Global Ass

41、et Protection Services, CT I Alternates Erik H. Anderson, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD SE (Alt. to W. E. Koffel) Richard J. Davis, FM Global, MA I (Alt. to M. Chaos) Timothy Earl, GBH International, MI SE (Alt. to M. M. Hirschler) William Randall Edwards, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, MI M (A

42、lt. to J. Santrock) John A. Frank, XL Global Asset Protection Services, GA I (Alt. to P. J. Willse) Nestor R. Iwankiw, Hughes Associates/RJA Group, IL SE (Alt. to C. L. Beyler) Randall K. Laymon, UL LLC, IL RT (Alt. to D. E. Sloan) Jerry W. Wallace, Safety Engineering Laboratories, Inc., MI RT (Alt.

43、 to M. T. Burr) Shaohua Xia, Fire & Rescue New South Wales, E (Alt. to D. A. Boverman) Kristin Bigda, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the nal text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to

44、classications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for doc

45、uments on re hazard calculation procedures for use by other Committees in writing provisions to control the re hazards of contents and furnishings. This Committee shall also provide guidance and recommendations to Committees in assessing the re hazard of contents and furnishings. It shall establish

46、classication and rating systems, request the development and standardization of appropriate re tests, and identify and encourage necessary research as it relates to the re hazards of contents and furnishings. It shall act in a liaison capacity between NFPA and the committees of other organizations w

47、ith respect to the hazard of contents and furnishings.CONTENTS 557-3 2016 Edition Contents Chapter 1 Administration 557 4 1.1 Scope. . 557 4 1.2 Purpose. . 557 4 1.3 Application. 557 4 1.4 Equivalency. . 557 4 1.5 Units and Formulas. . 557 4 1.6 Approved Qualications. 557 4 Chapter 2 Referenced Publ

48、ications 557 4 2.1 General. 557 4 2.2 NFPA Publications. 557 4 2.3 Other Publications. 557 4 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. 557 5 Chapter 3 Denitions . 557 5 3.1 General. 557 5 3.2 NFPA Ofcial Denitions. 557 5 3.3 General Denitions. 557 5 Chapter 4 Design Fundamentals . 557 5 4.1

49、 Methodology. . 557 5 4.2 Fire Load. . 557 6 4.3 Statistical Distribution of Fire Load. 557 6 4.4 Frequency of Fire Initiations. . 557 6 4.5 Effectiveness of Fire Protection Features. 557 6 4.6 Combustibility of Materials. 557 6 Chapter 5 Development of Fire Loads . 557 6 5.1 Types of Fire Loads. . 557 6 5.2 Dening the Compartment. . 557 6 5.3 Distributed Fire Loads. 557 6 5.4 Localized Fire Loads. 557 6 5.5 Frequency of Structurally Signicant Fires. . 55