NFPA 701-2015 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films (Effective Date 12 1 2004).pdf

1、Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA701Standard Methods ofFire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles andFilms, was prepared by the Technical Comm

2、ittee on Fire Tests. It was issued by the StandardsCouncil on November 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedesall previous editions.This edition of NFPA 701 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 701Requirements fo

3、r flameproofing of textiles were adopted by the NFPA on recommenda-tion of the Committee on Fireproofing and Preservative Treatments in 1938. These require-ments were amended in 1939, 1940, 1941, and 1951. This standard is now under the jurisdic-tion of the NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Tests; th

4、e 1966 edition, which was an extensiverevision of the previous edition, was prepared by that committee, as were the 1968, 1969,1975, 1976, and 1977 editions.The 1989 edition was a complete rewrite with significant changes to the small-scale test.The 1996 edition represented a significant departure f

5、rom earlier editions, as it provideda new test for single-layer and multilayer fabric assemblies but maintained the large-scale testfor multilayer assemblies involving coated fabric blackout linings. This new test was developedto address the problem presented by multilayer assemblies that could not

6、be addressed by thecurrent test procedures. The new Test 1 proved through experience to be an adequate pre-dictor of the behavior of single-layer and multilayer assemblies. Chapter 10, “Field Test,Match Flame Test,” of the 1989 edition was established as a separate document, NFPA 705,Recommended Pra

7、ctice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films.The 1999 edition incorporated mostly editorial revisions that reflected the appropriateterminologies used within the document. Many of the editorial changes applied to the appli-cation of test procedures for flame propagation of textiles and film i

8、n lieu of a material beingdesignated as flame resistant. A section on conditioning of test specimens was added to assistthe user.The 2004 edition included a complete editorial rewrite of the document to come intocompliance with the Manual of Style for NFPATechnical Committee Documents. As such, sign

9、ificantchapter renumbering and rearranging of information occurred. Technical changes in the2004 edition provided clarifications that Test Method 1 was not applicable for plastic blindsand multilayered fabrics. Advisory information was added to the annex regarding previoussmall-scale test methodolog

10、ies that were no longer applicable.The 2010 edition included a number of primarily organizational changes. The lists and ex-amples of the types of materials that are governed by NFPA 701 were relocated from Chapter 1 toAnnex A. The applicable test protocols for materials that are to be used as part

11、of an interior finishapplication were revised to recognize the ASTM E84/UL 723 tests. NFPA 286, Standard Methods ofFire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, was alsoincluded as an acceptable test for evaluation of materials for interior finish.Th

12、e 2015 edition includes editorial revisions to clarify the differences between TestMethod 1 and Test Method 2.7011NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Fire TestsBarry L.

13、 Badders, Jr., ChairIntertek Testing Services, TX RTScott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT ERep. International Fire Marshals AssociationFarid Alfawakhiri, American Iron and Steel Institute,IL MJesse J. Beitel, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD SEJames A. Burns, New York State Department, NY E

14、Rep. Firemens Association of the State of New YorkGordon H. Damant, Inter-City Testing a membrane roof; or a membrane-covered rigid frame to protect habitable or usable space.101, 20153.3.3 Textile. A fabric made of natural or man-made fibers.286, 2015Chapter 4 General Requirements for Test Method 1

15、4.1 General.4.1.1 A weighed specimen consisting of one or more layers oftextile shall be suspended vertically from a pin bar near thetop rear of an open-face test cabinet.4.1.2 A specified gas flame shall be applied to the center ofthe lower edge of the specimen for 45 seconds and then with-drawn.4.

16、1.3 The specimen shall be allowed to burn until the flameself-extinguishes and no further specimen damage occurs.4.1.4 The specimen then shall be removed from the pin barand, after room conditioning, shall be weighed again.4.1.5 The percent weight loss shall be determined and used as ameasure of tot

17、al flame propagation and specimen damage.Chapter 5 Test Apparatus and Materials forTest Method 15.1 Conditioning Oven. A forced-draft oven that is capable ofmaintaining a temperature of 105C 3C (220F 5F) shallbe used to condition the test specimens prior to testing.5.2 Hood.5.2.1 A standard laborato

18、ry hood, minimum 820 mm wide 750 mm high 630 mm deep (32 in. 30 in. 25 in.), orother suitable enclosure shall be used and shall provide adraft-free environment around an open-face test chamber.5.2.2 The hood or other enclosure shall be equipped with anexhaust fan for exhausting the smoke as provided

19、 in 8.3.7.7016 FIRE TESTS FOR FLAME PROPAGATION OF TEXTILES AND FILMS2015 Edition5.3 TestChamber,SpecimenMountingPinBar,andGasBurner.5.3.1 An open-face test chamber shall be constructed in ac-cordance with Figure 5.3.1 using 12 mm (0.5 in.) thick marin-ite mineral board.5.3.1.1 All interior surfaces

20、 of the cabinet shall be paintedwith a flat black paint that withstands the heating that occursin the cabinet.5.3.1.2 The cabinet with the burner and specimen in placeshall be arranged as depicted in Figure 5.3.1.2.5.3.2 The pin bar for mounting the specimen shall bea9mm(0.36 in.) square stainless s

21、teel bar, 190 mm (7.5 in.) in length,with steel pins 0.7 mm (0.027 in.) in diameter and 11 mm(0.43 in.) long, mounted at distances of 37 mm, 66 mm,95 mm, 124 mm, and 153 mm (1.45 in., 2.60 in., 3.75 in.,4.90 in., and 6.05 in.) from each end of the bar.5.3.3* A Meker (Fisher) tapered laboratory burne

22、r with grid-top adjustable channels, which provides a premixed flame,shall be used as the ignition source.5.4 Gas and Control System.5.4.1 Methane gas that is at least 97 percent pure shall beused for the burner fuel.5.4.2* The gas shall be contained in a cylinder equipped witha pressure-reducing va

23、lve and gauges to allow maintenance ofa pressure of 17.5 kPa 2.0 kPa (2.5 psi 0.25 psi) (132 mmHg 13 mm Hg) at the flow gauge.5.4.3* A gas flow gauge with a flow control valve shall be usedto measure and control the gas flow rate.5.4.4 The gas tank, flow gauge, control valves, and burnershall be con

24、nected as shown in Figure 5.4.4.5.4.4.1 Hose or tubing with at least a 6 mm (0.24 in.) boreshall be used.5.4.4.2 The control valve at the tank shall not be used tocontrol the flow through the flow gauge.5.4.4.3 The flow valve at the tank shall be fully open duringthe test.5.5* Mounting Jig. A mounti

25、ng jig shall be used for mountingspecimens to the pin bar in a uniform and safe manner.5.6 Timer. A stopwatch or other timing device shall be used tomeasure time to the nearest 0.2 second.5.7 Balance. A balance having a capacity of at least 100 g(3.53 oz) and a resolution of 0.1 g (3.5 10-3oz) shall

26、 be usedto weigh the specimen.5.8 Ruler. A ruler marked in 1 mm (132 in.) increments shallbe used to measure the burner flame height and specimendimensions.5.9* Wire Brush. A brush manufactured from bronze wireshall be used for removing ash and char debris from the testDrilled holes 25 mm (1.0 in.)i

27、n from back wallSideBottom250 mm(9.8 in.)160 mm (6.5 in.) 700 mm (27.5 in.) 500 mm (19.7 in.) 675 mm (26.6 in.)SideTopBackFIGURE 5.3.1 Test Cabinet for Test Method 1.Pin barPin bar holder3-prong clampBack wallBurner face25 mm (1.0 in.)25 mm (1.0 in.)Ring standGas flowvalveRing stand clampTOP MOVABLE

28、 SECTIONBOTTOM SECTIONFIGURE 5.3.1.2 Schematic of Burner and Specimen Place-ment for Test Method 1.Needle valvePressure gaugeGas supply1.5 m (5 ft) max.Burner6.3 mm( in.) tubingRotameterFIGURE 5.4.4 Gas Line Feed Arrangement to Burner forTest Method 1.7017TEST APPARATUS AND MATERIALS FOR TEST METHOD

29、 12015 Editionspecimen at the conclusion of each test and before the post-test weighing.5.10* Binder Clips.5.10.1 Clips used in this test shall be 18 mm1mm(0.75 in. 0.04 in.) wide and shall weigh 3.0 g 0.2 g (0.1 oz 0.007 oz).5.10.2 In Test Method 1, the clips shall serve as small weightsto be attac

30、hed to the lower corners of the test specimens inorder to stabilize them.Chapter 6 Calibration and Standardization forTest Method 16.1 General.6.1.1 At the start of each series of tests, the air vents at the baseof the burner shall be fully open and the gas flow set for a flowgauge scale reading of

31、70 2, using the flow control valve on thegauge, corresponding to an airflow of 895 ml/min 25 ml/min(5.26 10-5ft3/sec 1.47 10-5ft3/sec) and a methane flow of1205 ml/min 35 ml/min (7.1 10-4ft3/sec 2.0 10-5ft3/sec).6.1.2 At the same time, the pressure gauge shall read 17.5 kPa 2.0 kPa (2.5 psi 0.25 psi

32、) (132 mm Hg 13 mm Hg),providing a flame height of 100 mm 10 mm (4.0 in. 0.4 in.)with the burner in a vertical position.6.1.3 The flow control valve on the burner shall be fully open.Chapter 7 Specimens and Conditioning forTest Method 17.1 Test Specimens.7.1.1 Ten individual test specimens shall be

33、cut from a singlepiece of the material to be evaluated to a size of 150 mm5mm400mm5mm(5.90 in. 0.20 in. 15.80 in. 0.20 in.), with the length parallel to the lengthwise directionof the material.7.1.2 These 10 specimens shall constitute a sample.7.1.3 Specimens shall not be taken nearer the selvage th

34、an110 of the full width of the textile.7.1.4 For multilayer assemblies, the layers shall be sewn to-gether as shown in Figure 7.1.4 using a plain stitch with2.5 stitches/cm 0.25 stitch/cm (6.4 stitches/in. 0.6 stitch/in.).7.1.4.1 A No. 40 polyester/cotton sewing thread shall beused.7.1.4.2 The layer

35、s of the multilayer assembly shall be sewnalong all four edges at a distance of 5 mm1mm(0.2 in. 0.04 in.) from the edge.7.1.4.3 A fifth seam shall be sewn along the center of theassembly in the lengthwise direction.7.1.4.4 This center seam shall extend the full length of thespecimen.7.1.4.5 Seams sh

36、all not be required in single-layer textilespecimens.7.1.5 Each specimen shall be numbered and weighed to thenearest 0.1 g (3.5 10-3oz) before conditioning.7.1.6 The mass of each specimen shall be recorded.7.2 Conditioning.7.2.1 The specimens shall be placed in a forced-draft oven toallow free circu

37、lation of air around the specimens.7.2.2 The specimens shall be dried for at least 30 minutes at105C 3C (220F 5F).7.2.3 If the specimens melt or permanently deform at 105C(220F) or below, the specimens shall be conditioned at 20C 5C (68F 9F) for at least 24 hours prior to flame exposure.Chapter 8 Te

38、st Procedure for Test Method 18.1 Mounting of Test Specimens.8.1.1* After conditioning, the specimen shall be attached tothe pin bar with the top of the specimen centered on the bar.8.1.1.1 The pins shall be 5 mm1mm(0.20 in. 0.04 in.)from the top edge of the specimen.8.1.1.2 The specimen shall be mo

39、unted with the assistance ofa jig.8.1.1.3 The specimen shall be placed on the pin bar so thatthe surface or the layer intended to face the wall or windowduring normal use faces the pin bar.8.1.2 The pin bar shall be mounted on the support hangerlocated at the back of the test chamber ceiling.8.1.2.1

40、 The surface that in normal use is intended to face thewall or window shall face the back of the test chamber.8.1.2.2 When the pin bar and hanger are placed, the side ofthe specimen facing the back wall of the test chamber shall be25mm2mm(1.0 in. 0.08 in.) from the wall surface.150 mm (5.9 in.)400 m

41、m (15.75 in.)FIGURE 7.1.4 Multilayer Specimen for Test Method 1.7018 FIRE TESTS FOR FLAME PROPAGATION OF TEXTILES AND FILMS2015 Edition8.2 Burner Placement and Preparation.8.2.1 The burner shall be placed so that it is 25 mm2mm(1.0 in. 0.08 in.) from the face of the specimen and with thecenter axis

42、of the burner horizontal and perpendicular to thebottom of the center seam in the specimen.8.2.2 Position adjustments shall be permitted to be made bymoving the support base and by adjusting the height andangle of the burner.8.2.3 The exhaust fan shall be turned on.8.3* Conducting the Test.8.3.1 The

43、 test shall be initiated within 2 minutes of removingthe specimen from the forced-draft oven.8.3.2 The gas shall be turned on fully at the burner controlvalve and allowed to flow for 20 seconds 1 second before it isignited.8.3.3 The specimen shall be exposed to the igniting flame for45 seconds 1 sec

44、ond.8.3.4 After the 45-second exposure, the burner shall beturned on its mount so that its center axis is parallel to theplane of the specimen, and then the gas flow shall be turnedoff using the control valve on the burner.8.3.5 The gas flow rate shall be controlled by the valve at theflow gauge.8.3

45、.6 Binder clips measuring 18 mm1mm(0.75 in. 0.04 in.) shall be attached to the specimen at each bottomcorner.8.3.6.1 Each binder clip shall have a weight of 3.0 g 0.2 g(0.1 oz710-3oz).8.3.6.2 The clips shall be positioned such that the “bitingedge” of each clip is 5 mm1mm(0.20 in. 0.04 in.) abovethe

46、 lower edge of the specimen.8.3.6.3 The clips shall be placed 5 mm1mm(0.20 in. 0.04 in.) in from the left and right side edges of the speci-men, respectively.8.3.7 The exhaust fan shall remain on throughout the testprocedure.8.3.8 The front of the hood shall be closed after the burner isturned off a

47、nd is moved away from the specimen to removethe smoke produced by the burning specimen.8.3.9 The afterflame time of the specimen (burning time ofthe specimen after the gas flow is turned off) and the burningtime of material that falls to the bottom of the chamber shallbe measured and recorded.8.3.10

48、 Observations such as, but not limited to, the type,amount, color, density, and odor of smoke produced, the vig-orousness of burning, and the dripping of molten materialshall be recorded.8.3.11 The pin bar and specimen shall be removed from thehanger.8.3.12 The wire brush shall be used to remove lig

49、htly at-tached ash and char from the specimen.8.3.13 The specimen shall be removed from the pin bar.8.3.14 The portion of the specimen removed from the pinbar shall be weighed to the nearest 0.1 g (3.5 10-3oz), andthe weight shall be recorded.8.3.15 Any material that has fallen away from the specimenshall not be weighed.8.3.16 The mass shall be determined no sooner than 1 hourafter the residual material has been removed from the pin bar.Chapter 9 Calcula