NSF 419-2015 Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance - Filtration.pdf

1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 419 - 2015Public Drinking Water EquipmentPerformance - FiltrationNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk

2、management solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Public Dri

3、nking Water Equipment Performance c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.org NSF/ANSI 4192015 i NSF International Standard/ American Nati

4、onal Standard for Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance Filtration Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Designated as an ANSI Standard January 2, 2015 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on P

5、ublic Drinking Water Equipment Performance Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 419 2015.” Copyright 2015 NSF International Unless otherwi

6、se specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1NSF, in performing its f

7、unctions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard

8、by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Pr

9、ovisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, loca

10、l, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or con

11、struction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partia

12、l drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organizati

13、on. 1The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In

14、addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. iv This page is intentionally left blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Alternate materials, designs, and construction . 1 1.4 Minimum requirements for testing facility and equipment . 1 1

15、.5 Standard review 1 1.6 Significant figures 2 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Materials . 3 5 Bag and cartridge filter systems . 3 5.1 General requirements . 3 5.2 Experimental design 4 5.3 Challenge particulate 4 5.4 Apparatus . 4 5.5 Flow rate . 4 5.6 General test water . 5 5.7 Set-u

16、p . 5 5.8 Method . 5 5.9 Analytical methods 6 6 Microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane modules 7 6.1 General requirements . 7 6.2 Challenge organisms 7 6.3 Apparatus . 8 6.4 Flow rate . 9 6.5 General test water . 9 6.6 Set-up . 9 6.7 Membrane integrity tests . 9 6.8 Method . 10 6.9 Analytical

17、methods 10 Annex A . A1 Annex B . B1 Annex C . C1 Annex D . D1 Annex E . E1 vi This page is intentionally left blank.vii Foreword2The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum performance requirements for filtration devices used in the treatment and production of public drinking water. The St

18、andard describes the performance evaluation test procedure for the product specific challenge testing of full scale ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membrane modules, bag filters, and cartridge filters for the removal of microbial contaminants. It provides procedures to develop challeng

19、e testing Log Removal Values (LRVC_TEST), as required in the EPAs Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) published in 40 CFR 141-subpart W3. The procedures in this Standard have been adapted from and are consistent with those applications described in the EPAs Membrane Filtrati

20、on Guidance Manual (MFGM)4. Quality assurance/quality control procedures are also described under informational annexes to ensure that data generated from the testing will provide sound analytical results that can serve as the basis for the performance evaluation. It is anticipated that alternative

21、filtration technologies may be addressed under this Standard in the future. This Standard was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance with balanced input from industry, regulatory, and end-user groups using the consensus process described by the American N

22、ational Standards Institute. The Standard incorporates NSF Internationals nearly two decades of experience managing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Environmental Technology Verification Drinking Water Systems Center (ETV DWSC). Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This

23、 Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance at standardsnsf.org, or c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Mi

24、chigan 48113-0140, USA. 2The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consen

25、sus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. 3 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 . 4 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Water, Washington, D.C. 20460 viii This page is inten

26、tionally left blank.1 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 419 2015 NSF/ANSI Standard for Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance Filtration 1 General 1.1 Purpose It is the purpose of this Standard to establish minimum performance requirements for filtration devices used

27、 in the treatment and production of public drinking water. 1.2 Scope This Standard is designed to describe the performance evaluation test procedure for the product specific challenge testing of full scale UF and MF membrane modules, bag filters, and cartridge filters for the removal of microbial co

28、ntaminants. This Standard provides procedures to develop challenge testing Log Removal Values (LRVC_TEST), as required in the EPAs Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR) published in 40 CFR 141-subpart W. Evaluation of cleaning, maintenance and operation of the filtration equip

29、ment are not covered under the scope of this Standard. 1.3 Alternate materials, designs, and construction While specific materials, designs, and construction are stipulated in this Standard, it is possible that systems that incorporate alternate materials, designs, and construction are acceptable wh

30、en it is verified that such systems meet the applicable requirements stated herein. 1.4 Minimum requirements for testing facility and equipment Testing should be performed at a test facility/laboratory such that the testing equipment at a minimum shall precisely and accurately control flow rate and

31、has a flow meter upstream and/or downstream of the filter unit or membrane module; and shall ensure that the water is well mixed before sampling (e.g., static mixers or appropriate number of pipe lengths with good mixing confirmed). 1.5 Standard review This Standard shall be reviewed at least once e

32、very five years. The review shall be conducted by the NSF Joint Committee on Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance. 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 419 2015 2 1.6 Significant figures For determining conformance with specifications in this Standard, the Absolute Method in ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using

33、 Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications shall be used. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions that constitute requirements of this Standard. At the time of the publication, the indicated editions were valid. All standards are subject t

34、o revision, and parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the recent editions of the standards indicated below. The most recent published edition of the document shall be used for undated references. 40 CFR Part 141.719, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Additional

35、 filtration toolbox components5APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twentieth edition6ASTM D6908-03 Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems7ASTM E29-02 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conform

36、ance with Specifications7NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components Health Effects 3 Definitions The following terms are used in this document, and were derived from the definitions in the EPA guidance manuals for LT2ESWTR referenced herein. 3.1 bag and cartridge filters: Pressure driven separati

37、on devices that remove particles typically greater than 1 m using an engineered porous filtration media. 3.2 challenge particulate: The target organism or acceptable surrogate used to determine the log removal value (LRV) during a challenge test. 3.3 crossflow: 1) The application of water at high ve

38、locity tangential to the surface of a membrane to maintain contaminants in suspension; also, 2) suspension mode hydraulic configuration that is typically associated with spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) systems and a few hollow-fiber microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration

39、(UF) systems. 3.4 deposition mode: A hydraulic configuration of membrane filtration systems in which contaminants removed from the feed water accumulate at the membrane surface (and in microfiltration (MF)/ultrafiltration (UF) systems are subsequently removed via backwashing). 3.5 direct integrity t

40、est: A physical test applied to a membrane unit in order to identify and/or isolate integrity breaches. 5Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 . 6American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 . 7ASTM International, 100

41、Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshocken, PA 19428-2859 . 2015 NSF NSF/ANSI 419 2015 3 3.6 filtrate: The water produced from a filtration process; typically used to describe the water produced by porous membranes such those used in membrane cartridge filtration (MCF), microfiltration (MF), and ultrafiltra

42、tion (UF) process, although used in the context of the LT2ESWTR to describe the water produced from all membrane filtration processes, including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). 3.7 flux: The throughput of a pressure-driven membrane filtration system expressed as flow per unit of membra

43、ne area (e.g., gallons per square foot per day (gfd) or liters per hour per square meter (Lmh). 3.8 hydraulic configuration: The pattern of flow through a membrane process by which the feed contaminants are removed or concentrated (e.g., crossflow, dead-end, etc.). 3.9 log removal value (LRV): Filtr

44、ation removal efficiency for a target organism, particulate, or surrogate expressed as log10 (i.e., log10(feed concentration) log10(filtrate concentration). 3.10 membrane unit: A group of membrane modules that share common valving which allows the unit to be isolated from the rest of the system for

45、the purpose of integrity testing or other maintenance. 3.11 microfiltration (MF): A pressure-driven membrane filtration process that typically employs hollow-fiber membranes with a pore size range of approximately 0.1 0.2 mm (nominally 0.1 mm). 3.12 module: The smallest component of a membrane unit

46、in which a specific membrane surface area is housed in a device with a filtrate outlet structure; refers to all types of membrane configurations, including terms such as “element” or “cartridge” that are commonly used in the membrane treatment industry. 3.13 non-destructive performance test (NDPT):

47、A physical quality control test typically conducted by a manufacturer to characterize some aspect of process performance without damaging or altering the membrane or membrane module. 3.14 quality control release value (QCRV): A minimum quality standard of a non-destructive performance test (NDPT) es

48、tablished by the manufacturer for membrane module production that ensures that the module will attain the targeted log removal value (LRV) demonstrated during challenge testing in compliance with the LT2ESWTR. 3.15 terminal pressure drop: The pressure drop across a bag or cartridge filter at which t

49、he manufacturer states the filter should be replaced. Establishes the end of the useful life of the filter. 3.16 ultrafiltration (UF): A pressure-driven membrane filtration process that typically employs hollow-fiber membranes with a pore size range of approximately 0.01 0.05 mm (nominally 0.01 mm). 4 Materials Materials for filtration devices shall conform to the requirements of NSF/ANSI 61. 5 Bag and cartridge filter systems 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 A complete description of the bag or cartridge system to be tested shall be provided. T