NSF P157-2000 Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation《电焚烧式座便器 卫生和去污》.pdf

1、NSF Protocol PI57 Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation April 28,2000 I N S F I n t e rnat ion al, an independent , not-fo r- p rof i t organization, is dedicated to public health safety and protection of the environment by developing standards, by providing education and by provid

2、ing superior third-party conformity assessment services while representing the interest of all stakeholders. This Protocol is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Protocol may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contactin

3、g: NSF International 789 Dixboro Road Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Phone: (734)769-801 O Telex: 75321 5 NSF INTL Web: :=r FAX: (734)769-O1 O9 E-mail: April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page i April 28, 2000 NSF Protocol PI57 Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation Protocol Deve

4、loper NSF International Engineering Model number and serial number; Rated capacity; 0 Intended application (e.g. home/business, marine, RV); 0 A brief description of common items that should not be added to the system; and 0 A statement advising the owner that the ash is not suitable to use as ferti

5、lizer or compost and must be disposed of as household trash in accordance with state and local codes. 4.4 Performance 4.4.1 Aesthetic effects: During testing according to Section 5: 0 No liquid shall leak from any portion of the device; No smoke shall be seen escaping from any portion of the device;

6、 No objectionable odors shall be detected in the test room except during Power Outage Stress testing (Section 5.3). 4.4.2 Ash: When sampled after testing according to Section 5, all ash samples shall have moisture content less than 5% by weight and shall have non-detectable counts of total coliform

7、when analyzed according to the method described in Section 5.9. April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 3 of 8 4.5 Product literature Each system shall be accompanied by a comprehensive manual. This may consist of separate documents covering each of the following sections or may be co

8、mbined into a single manual with subsections. 4.5.1 Owners manual: The manual or section intended for owner reference shall be written so as to be easily understood by the intended reader and shall include, at a minimum: e e e e e e e e e e e e Model designation; A statement confirming that the syst

9、em meets the requirements of NSF Protocol for Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation; A functional description of system operation, including diagrams illustrating basic system design; A clear statement of the types of materials that can be placed in the system; A list of household

10、substances that, if placed in the system, may adversely affect the system, the process, or the environment; Operating instructions that clearly describe proper function of the system, periodic removal of end-products, and the operating and maintenance responsibilities of the owner and authorized ser

11、vice personnel; Clear methods and criteria to be used to identify system malfunctions or problems; A statement instructing the owner to reference the system data plate in the event that a problem arises or service is required; Name and telephone number of an appropriate service representative to be

12、contacted in the event that a problem with the system occurs; Electrical schematics for the system if not appearing on the system itself; A statement advising the owner that the ash is not suitable to use as fertilizer or compost and must be disposed of as household trash in accordance with state an

13、d local codes, and; A statement describing the inherent liquid-holding capacity of test system and the potential for overloading. 4.5.2 Installation, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting manual: The manual or sections intended for distribution to authorized representatives shall be written so

14、 as to be easily understood by the intended reader and shall include, at a minimum: A numbered list of system components and an accompanying illustration, photograph, or print in which the components are respectively identified; Basic design, construction, and material specifications, for the system

15、s components; Wiring schematics for the systems electrical components; Off-loading and unpacking instructions including safety considerations, identification of fragile components, and measures to be taken to avoid damage to the system; A process overview of the function of each component and the ex

16、pected function of the entire system when all components are properly assembled and connected; A clear definition of system installation requirements including any applicable plumbing and electrical power requirements, ventilation, air intake protection, proximity to towels, curtains, bedding and li

17、nens, hydrostatic displacement protection, water tightness, slope, and miscellaneous fittings and appurtenances; A sequential installation procedure; April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 4 of 8 Repair or replacement instructions in the event that a system possesses flaws that would

18、 inhibit proper functioning and a list of sources where replacement components can be obtained; Detailed start-up procedure; A maintenance schedule for all components; A description of techniques for the evaluation of end product quality; The expected end product characteristics of the system as est

19、ablished through analytical methods described or referenced in this protocol; A guide for visually evaluating the system and determining the probable cause of common problems based on product characteristics, system operation, and history; A sequential method for isolating specific component failure

20、; and A step-by-step guide for repairing or replacing all system components. 5 Methods 5.1 System Set-up and operation The system shall be installed according to manufacturers instructions for the intended end use. The incineration process shall be activated according to manufacturers user instructi

21、ons. 5.2 Waste loading - Normal Operations Testing shall be conducted on the lowest capacity test unit of a common model series available from the manufacturer. Loading shall be at the recommended maximum for that size and shall last for a total of three weeks, not including weekends (see Section 5.

22、8 for testing sequence). A typical loading is 4 urinations and 1.2 fecal events per person per day. Assuming half of the household are women and typical usage is 4 tampons per woman per day, an additional 2 tampons per person per day shall be added. For example, if the device is designed to service

23、a typical four-person household, the daily loading would be 5 fecal events, 16 urinations and 8 tampons. At least half of the urinations shall be accompanied by two six-sheet-strips of toilet tissue. An additional 4 six-sheet strips of toilet tissue shall also be added per day to simulate toilet sur

24、face wiping. The system shall be operated and ash residue removed according to manufacturers instructions. Each time the ash can is emptied, a sample shall be removed for analysis. Ash residue after Normal Operations shall remain in the ash can during the Power Outage Stress sequence. Note: The actu

25、al loading for fecal and urination events may vary by f 10% due to personnel availability and other unforeseen factors. Other items may be added to waste loading if specifically approved for disposal in manufacturers literature. 5.3 Waste loading - Power Outage Stress The device shall be unplugged a

26、nd the unit shall be loaded with % days urine and fecal loading for the capacity of the device over the course of one hour. (For a typical four person-household device, this would be 4 urinations and one fecal event.) The device shall then be plugged in and activated, according to manufacturers inst

27、ructions. A sample of the ash residue shall be removed for analysis. The system shall not be evaluated for odor during this stress. April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 5 of 8 5.4 Waste loading - Visitor Stress The device shall be loaded with twice the recommended loading for a per

28、iod of three days. At the end of the stress sequence, a sample of the ash residue shall be removed for analysis. The system shall be evaluated for odor during this stress. 5.5 Burn resistance test For each test surface, select 3 cigarettes from a freshly opened package of cigarettes. Light all 3 cig

29、arettes and place them on the test surface. If possible, place them 25 mm (1 inch) from the edge and 50 mm (2 inches) from each other. Allow the cigarettes to burn for 2 minutes f 2 seconds. Remove the cigarettes and allow the surface to cool for 1 minute. 5.6 Static load test An ordinary 2” x 4” (i

30、nch) wooden board shall be positioned across the center of the device with 12 mm (1/2 inch) of protective sponge rubber between the seat and the board. A weight of 136 f 2 kg (300 f 5 Ibs.) shall be applied equally about the centerline of the board and maintained for 15 minutes. The weight and board

31、 shall be removed and the system shall be inspected. 5.7 Test observations The following items shall be monitored during testing: 0 liquid containment; smoke escaping into the test room from doors or joints in the device; odors, especially during combustion cycles; 0 noise. 5.8 Testing sequence Week

32、s 1-5: Review materials Review design and construction Review product literature Perform weekday Normal Operations testing (Section 5.2) Perform Power Outage Stress (Section 5.3) Perform Visitor Stress (Section 5.4) Perform Burn Resistance test (Section 5.5) Perform Static Load test (Section 5.6) Pe

33、rform weekday Normal Operations testing (Section 5.2) Compile results of evaluation. Weeks 2 and 3: Week 4: Week 5: Week 6: 5.9 End product sampling and analysis Ash residue shall be sampled and analyzed for moisture content and fecal coliform content according to Standards Methods. Coliform analysi

34、s shall be conducted according to Standard Method 9221 A. Moisture content will be calculated based on Standard Method 2540G. April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 6 of 8 Annex A Program Specific Policies for Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation A.l Marking the pr

35、oduct In addition to that required in the NSF Certification Policies for NSF Protocols and Non-NSF Standards, certified individual products or packaging materials should bear the following inform at ion : A.2 Annual audits NSF Protocol P157 Electrical Incinerating Toilets - Health and Sanitation (re

36、places 1983 edition of NSF Standard 41) Audits of all facilities and production locations shall be conducted by NSF at least annually. Audits will cover the following basic items: 0 0 0 Recordkeeping No changes in labeling or product literature; No change in design, construction or materials without

37、 prior approval by NSF; A.3 Re-testing Re-testing of certified systems shall occur every five years. Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 7 of 8 April 28, 2000 COMMENTS FROM EXPERT PANEL NOT DEALT WITH IN THIS PROTOCOL Panel Commentary NSF Response Odor evaluation in the NSF Protocol is too subje

38、ctive. A recommendation is made to include a more quantitative test method such as ASTM E544 for determination of odor intensity. The odor evaluation in this Protocol is taken directly from ANSVNSF 41 - 1998 Non-Liquid Saturated Treatment Systems and is currently accepted by the NSF Joint Committee

39、on Wastewater. A formal recommendation for development of a more quantitative and reproducible odor evaluation shall be made to NSF Standards group for consideration. When new odor evaluation is adopted in ANSVNSF 41, this protocol will be re-balloted to include the new section. April 28, 2000 Copyright O 2000 NSF International Page 8 of 8