1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and enginee ring sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invit es your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.
3、S.A.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8510 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001AEROS PACE INFORM ATION REPORTSubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardAIR4170 RE V. AIssued 1991-12Revised 1998-11Superseding AIR4170Reticulated Polyurethane FoamExplosion Suppression Material forFuel Systems and Dry BaysFOREWORDChanges in the revision are format/editorial only.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE . 42. REFERENCES . 42.1 Applicable Documents 42.1.1 SAE Publ
5、ications 42.1.2 Air Force Publications . 42.1.3 Military Publications 72.1.4 ASTM Publications 82.1.5 ASME Publications . 82.1.6 Underwriters Publications . 82.2 Applicable Films 82.3 Definitions . 93. DISCUSSION OF FUEL SYSTEM EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION . 113.1 History of Reticulated Polyurethane Foam .
6、 113.2 History of Dry Bay Reticulated Polyurethane Foam 143.2.1 Military . 153.2.2 Nonmilitary 163.3 Functional Description of Reticulated Polyurethane Foam . 163.4 Reticulated Polyurethane Foam Effectiveness . 173.4.1 Explosion Suppression . 173.4.2 Slosh Attenuation 183.4.3 Hydrodynamic Ram Attenu
7、ation . 183.4.4 Foreign Object Debris Barrier . 18Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 2 -TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)3.4.5 Additional Benefits 183.5 General System
8、Design Guidelines 193.5.1 Material Selection Guide and Cautions . 193.5.2 Fully Packed Design Concept . 193.5.3 Grossly Voided Design Concept . 303.5.4 Foam/Fuel Compatibility . 333.5.5 Gunfire Testing and Electrostatic Compatibility . 343.6 Foam Component/Kit Fabrication Methods 353.6.1 Packaging a
9、nd Storage of Bulk Material as Received from the Manufacturer 353.6.2 Product Data Sheets and MSD Sheets . 363.6.3 Fabrication 373.6.4 Cleaning of Fabricated Components 383.6.5 Identification of Components 383.6.6 Component Packaging Storage Recommendations . 393.7 Installation/Removal and Initial F
10、ueling Recommendations . 393.7.1 Installation . 403.7.2 Initial Fueling Recommendations 423.7.3 Reticulated Polyurethane Foam Kit Removal/Drying 433.7.4 Packaging and Storage of Fuel Wetted Components . 443.7.5 Disposal of Contaminated Components or Kits 444. DISCUSSION OF DRY BAY EXPLOSION SUPPRESS
11、ANT MATERIALS 444.1 Functional Product Description . 444.2 General System Design Guidelines 474.3 Gunfire Testing 474.4 Foam Component Fabrication 474.5 Installation and Removal . 474.6 Disposal of Dry Bay Foam 475. DISPOSAL OF RETICULATED POLYURETHANE FOAM . 475.1 Disposal of Uncontaminated Waste F
12、oam 485.2 Disposal of Contaminated Waste Foam 486. LESSONS LEARNED . 49FIGURE 1 Effect of Operating Pressure on Combustion PressureBlue Polyether: Coarse Pore . 23FIGURE 2 Foam Volume Swell . 25FIGURE 3 Minimum Clearance Criteria (Examples) - Dry, Installed Condition . 27FIGURE 4 Fuel Retention of F
13、oam Types . 29FIGURE 5 Effect of Operating Pressure on Combustion PressureBlue Polyether: Fine Pore . 31Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 3 -TABLE OF CONTENTS (Con
14、tinued)TABLE 1 Product Classifications 20TABLE 2 Typical Product Specifications 21TABLE 3 Typical Product Specifications 22TABLE 4 Product Classifications 45TABLE 5 Typical Product Specifications 46Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or net
15、working permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 4 -1. SCOPE:This document describes the initial development, evolution, and use of reticulated polyurethane foam as an explosion suppression material in fuel tanks and dry bays. It provides historical data, design practice guidelin
16、es, references, laboratory test data, and service data gained from past experience.The products discussed in this document may be referred to as “Safety Foam,“ “Reticulated Polyurethane Foam,“ “Baffle and Inerting Material,“ “Electrostatic Suppression Material,“ or “SAFOAM.“ These generic terms for
17、the products discussed in this document are not meant to imply any safety warranty. Each individual design application should be thoroughly proof tested prior to production installation.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent speci
18、fied herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence
19、. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.NOTE: In this Applicable Documents Section, not all Publications listed are referenced in this document. The intent of this expanded list of documents is to maintain a compos
20、ite listing of all known documents that are pertinent to the subject discussed in this document. Therefore, all documents in this section preceded by an asterisk (*) indicates that the specific document in the reference section is not referenced within this document, but is technical information to
21、assist those using the document for the design, fabrication, testing, installation and maintenance of foam for inerting fuel tanks.2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.*AIR1662 Minimization of Electrostatic Hazards in Aircraft Fuel Systems*AIR
22、1664 Aircraft Flexible Tanks - General Design and Installation Recommendations2.1.2 Air Force Publications: Available from Defense Technical Information Center, Defense Logistics Agency, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22304-6145.Report No. 1819 Development and Testing of Cellular Packing Material,
23、written by(20 May 1966) Firestone Coated Fabrics Co. under Air Force Contract No.AF33(615)-3423*ASJ-TM-66-1 Investigation of Polyurethane Foam for Aircraft Fuel System(November 1966) ApplicationsCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networ
24、king permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 5 -2.1.2 (Continued):*RPL-TDR-64-25 Aerospace Fluid Component Designers Handbook(November 1968)*MIL-T-27422B Tank, Fuel, Crash Resistant, Aircraft(24 Feb. 1970) (Non-Self-Sealing and Self-Sealing)*ASNJI-70-2 USAF Experience with Polyu
25、rethane Foam Inerting Material(May 1970)*ENJI-70-10 Effects of Polyurethane Foam on Fuel System Contamination(November 1970)*ENJPF-TM-72-1 The Use of Polyurethane Foam for Fuel System Inerting(March 1972) (Unpublished Report)*AFAPL-TR-72-12 Advanced Flame Arrestor Materials and Techniques for Fuel T
26、ank(March 1972) Protection*AFAPL-TR-73-50 Incendiary Gunfire Simulation Techniques for Fuel Tank Explosion(July 1973) Protection Testing*AFML-TR-73-283 Environmental Aging of Candidate for Suppressant Dry Bay Area(December 1973) Materials for Aircraft*AFAPL-TR-73-76 Vulnerability Assessment of JP-4
27、and JP-8 Under Verticle Gunfire(December 1973) Impact Conditions*AFML-TR-73-278 A Method to Predict the Service Life of Internal Fuel Cell Baffle(January 1974) MaterialsAFAPL-TR-73-124 Gross Voided Flame Arrestors for Fuel Tank Explosion Protection(February 1974)*ASD-TR-74-34 Gunfire Effectiveness a
28、nd Environmental Suitability of Void Filler(September 1974) MaterialsAFAPL-TR-74-126 Void Filler Ballistic Fire Protection for Aircraft Fuel System Dry Bays(July 1975)AFAPL-TR-75-93 Integrated Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Protection Systems(July 1975) Phase I and II*AFFDL-TR-76-98 Ballistic
29、 Evaluation of Aircraft Explosion Suppression Materials(January 1978)Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 6 -2.1.2 (Continued):*AFAPL-TR-78-89 Factors Affecting Elect
30、rostatic Hazards(December 1978)ENFEF-TM-78-08 Guidelines for Use in Design, Fabrication, Installation and Testing of(June 1979) Reticulated Foam Kits*Bulletin 4-9 The Shock and Vibration Bulletin. A publication of The Shock andPart 1 Vibration Information Center, Naval Research Laboratory,(September
31、 1979) Washington, D.C.*ENFEF-TM-79-08 Qualification Test Results for Scott Paper Co., Blue Hybrid Polyether(December 1979) FoamAFWAL-TR-80-4135 Compatibility of Reticulated Foams in Typical Turbine Fuels with(September 1980) Currently Approved Additives*Memorandum Report Hydrodynamic Ram Attenuatio
32、nARBRL-MR-03246(February 1983)*Letter report C-130 Fuel Tank Shroud Electrostatic Evaluation, Summary of Results(POSH) Dept. ofthe Air ForceWright-PattersonAFB(14 June 1983)*Final Report A-10A Fuel Tank Vent System, Vapor Ignition Investigation(September 30, 1981)AFWAL-TR-83-3114 Survivable Aircraft
33、 Fuel System Engineering Design Guide (SAFE/DG)(September 1983)AFWAL-TM-84-237- A Comparison of White Reticulated Foam to Rigid Foam as FireFIESL Protection for Aircraft Dry Bays(December 1984)*AFWAL-TR-84-2048 Damage Caused to Polyurethane Foams by Aging, Simulated Sunlight(December 1984) Exposure,
34、 Heat and Fire*AFWAL-TM-85-237- A Comparison of Electric Field Measurements on Conductive andFIESL Nonconductive Explosion Suppressant Foams in C-130 External Fuel(September 1985) TanksCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi
35、tted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 7 -2.1.2 (Continued):*AFWAL-TR-85-2060 Vulnerability Methodology and Protective Measures for Aircraft Fire(January 1986) and Explosion Hazards*AFWAL-TR-82-2022 Electrostatic Hazards of Urethane Packed Fuel Tanks(March 1986)*86-MMSRE-011 Baffle
36、and Inerting, Conductive, Aircraft Fuel Tank(12 May 1986)*AFWAL-TR-86-2077 Study of Aeropropulsion Lab Pressure Drop Rig and Recommended(November 1986) Test ProcedureESL-TR-84-63 Effective Disposal of Fuel Cell Polyurethane Foam(January 1987)TE-ENFE-86-1 Electrically Conductive Explosion Suppression
37、 Material, General(1 Nov. 1987) Exhibit for*MS-MMSR-87-100 A-10 Aircraft Electrically Conductive Explosion Suppression Material,(12 Sept. 1988) Material Specification for*USAAVSCOM Aircraft Fuel System Fire and Explosion Suppression Design GuideTR 89-D-16(February 1990)WRDC-TR-90-4074 Foam, Explosio
38、n Suppressant, Thermal Resistance Electrical(28 Sept. 1990) Conductivity, High Temperature2.1.3 Military Publications: Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.L-P-378 Plastic Sheet and Strip, Thin Gauge PolyolefinTT-I-1795 Ink,
39、Marking, Stencil, OpaqueMIL-B-81705 Barrier Materials, Flexible, Electrostatic - Free, Heat SealableMIL-B-83054 B Baffle and Inerting Material, Aircraft Fuel Tank(17 May 1978)*MIL-F-87168 Fire and Explosion Hazard Protection Systems, Aircraft, General(20 June 1983) Specification forMIL-F-87260 Foam
40、Material, Explosion Suppression, Inherently Electrically(7 February 1992) Conductive, for Aircraft Fuel Tank and Dry Bay AreasMIL-G-5572 Gasoline, Aviation, Grades 80/87, 100/130, 115/145MIL-T-5578 Tank, Fuel, Aircraft, Self-sealingMIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5Copyright SAE
41、 International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 8 -2.1.3 (Continued):MIL-T-6396 Tank Aircraft Propulsion Fluid Systems, Internal, Removable, NonsealingMIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Gra
42、de JP-8MIL-STD-129 Markings for Shipment and Storage2.1.4 ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM D 2276-73 Test Methods for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Turbine Fuels*ASTM D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines*ASTM D 1655 Sp
43、ecification for Aviation Turbine Fuels2.1.5 ASME Publications: Available from ASME, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.*71-GT-54 Effects of Polyurethane Foam on Fuel System Contamination2.1.6 Underwriters Publications: Available from Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 275 Commerce Drive, Suite 32
44、0, Fort Washington, PA 19034.UL 94 Fourth Edition Tests for Flammability of Plastics Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances2.2 Applicable Films:Ounces of Protection, Firestone accepted the challenge from the auto racing industry toFirestone, circa 1960 develop safer fuel systems for racing ca
45、rs. Adaption of flexible bladderused in aircraft to racing cars using foam as the baffling system toattenuate slosh.Polyurethane Foam for Explains use of reticulated polyurethane foam and how it is installed:Explosion Suppression making, cutting, and stuffing. Shows C-123, RB-57 “Canberra,” F-105Air
46、 Force - Color/Sound “Thunderchief,“ C-130 and AC-130 “Gunship 2.” Shows stuffing wet7 min wing in C-130, toughest type of installation due to intricacy of plumbingin C-130.Crashworthy Integral Compares fuel spread of dropped (ruptured) tip tank with fuel only andFuel Cells, then with fuel and foam
47、inside.PhotographicInstrumentation DataFilm, Color/No Sound12 minCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 9 -2.2 (Continued):The Unseen Storm, Deals with suppressing surg
48、e and slosh in fuel tanks, specifically inFirestone Tire coarse and fine classifications are indicative of the size of the openings and are based upon air pressure drop tests.FUEL TANK: Volume in an aircraft designated for carrying fuel. Can be integral, bladder or self seal-ing, external dropable,
49、or portable tanks.OPERATING PRESSURE: The pressure within the fuel system during normal system operation.OPTIMUM VOID LEVEL/FOAM KIT CONFIGURATION: Foam kit which contains sufficient foam to protect the tank, but no more than is necessary.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE AIR4170 Revision A- 11 -2.3 (C
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