SAE AMS 2405E-2013 Electroless Nickel Plating Low Phosphorus《低磷化学镀镍》.pdf

1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi

3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out

4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2405EAEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONAMS2405 REV. EIssued 1965-02Noncurrent 2000-12Reaf. N

5、onc. 2010-05Revised 2013-06Stabilized 2013-10Superseding AMS2405DElectroless Nickel PlatingLow PhosphorusRATIONALEAMS2405E stabilizes this document because applications are adequately covered by other specifications containing similar technical requirements.STABILIZED NOTICEAMS2405E has been declare

6、d “Stabilized” by AMS Committee B. This document will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency and may no longer represent standard industry practice. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Users

7、of this document should refer any certification issues (such as exceptions listed on the certification report) to the cognizant engineering organization for their disposition. CAUTION: In many cases the purchaser is not the cognizant engineering organization (i.e. purchaser may be a sub tier supplie

8、r).The SAE Aerospace Materials Division lists the following similar but not necessarily technically equivalent specifications for your consideration. This listing does not constitute authority to substitute the specification for the “STABILIZED” specification.AMS2404 Electroless Nickel PlatingCopyri

9、ght SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2405E Page 1 of 7ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchaser.1) Purchase

10、 order shall specify not less than the following:g120 AMS2405Eg120 Plating thickness desiredg120 Basis metal to be platedg120 Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal (steel alloys only)g120 Pre-plate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature) if different from

11、3.1.4.g120 Special features, geometry or processing present on parts that require special attention by the processorg120 Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor if different from 3.3g120 Post plating bake to be performed by plating processor (to harden plating on substrate

12、s capable of high temperature, or to improve adhesion) (See 3.3.3)g120 Quantity of pieces to be plated2) Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed after plating, could adversely af

13、fect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

14、tted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2405E Page 2 of 71. SCOPE1.1 PurposeThis specification covers the engineering requirements for electroless deposition of low-phosphorus nickel on various materials and the properties of the deposit.1.2 ApplicationPrimarily to provide hard, ,wear

15、-resistant, and corrosion-resistant surfaces for operation up to 1000 F (540 C) and to provide uniform build-up on complex shapes. Maximum hardness and wear resistance are obtained by heating parts as in 3.3.2.1.2.1 Application of electroless nickel plating to steel parts having a hardness of 46HRC

16、(ultimate tensile strength of 220 ksi (1517 MPa) or higher shall not be performed unless authorized by the design documentation or specific approval has been received from the cognizant engineering organization.1.3 Safety Hazardous Materials1.4 While the materials, methods, applications, and process

17、es described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to ta

18、ke necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subseque

19、nt revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive,

20、 Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS2350 Standards and Test Methods2.2 ASTM PublicationsAvailable from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.as

21、tm.org.ASTM B 117 Salt Spray (Fog) TestingASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross SectionASTM E 290 Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Metallic Materials2.3 U.S. Government PublicationsAvailable from DLA Document Services, Building 4/

22、D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: (215) 697-6396,http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/.MIL-STD-2073-1 Standard Practice for Military PackagingCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,

23、-,-SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2405E Page 3 of 73. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS3.1 Preparation3.1.1 Welding and brazing shall be completed before parts are plated, unless surfaces are plated to aid in joining by brazing.3.1.2 Surfaces of metal parts to be plated shall be smooth and substantially free from blemis

24、hes, pits, tool marks, and other irregularities.3.1.3 Surfaces of nonmetallic parts shall show no marks other than those necessary to provide a freshly-abraded surface.3.1.4 Stress Relief TreatmentAll steel parts having a hardness of 40 HRC and above and that are machined, ground, cold formed or col

25、d straightenedafter heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and thermally stress relieved before plating.(Residual tensile stresses have been found to be damaging during electrofinishing.) Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that maximum stress relief is obta

26、ined while still maintaining hardness of parts within drawing limits.Unless otherwise specified, the following treatment temperatures and times shall be used:3.1.4.1 For parts, excluding nitrided parts, having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, including carburized and induction hardened parts, stress

27、relieve at 275 F g114 25 (135 C g114 14) for 5 to 10 hours.3.1.4.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, stress relieve at 375 F g114 25 (191 C g114 14) for a minimum of 4 hours. Nitrided parts fall into this category. Higher temperatures shall be used only when specified or approved by the

28、cognizant engineering organization.3.1.4.3 For peened partsIf stress relief temperatures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relieve shall be performed prior to peening or the cognizant engineering organization shall be consulted and shall approve the stress relief temperature.3.1.5 Prior to

29、 immersion in the plating solution, parts surfaces shall be chemically clean and free from water breaks, prepared with minimum abrasion, erosion, or pitting.3.2 Procedure3.2.1 Plating shall be performed by chemical deposition of a homogenous, high-nickel, low-phosphorus metallic compound on a cataly

30、tic or catalyzed surface from an aqueous bath containing nickel and hypophosphite ions and which bath may include a soluble compound to inhibit decomposition of the bath. The nickel-phosphorus plate shall, unless otherwise specified, be deposited directly on the basis metal without a deposit of othe

31、r metal underneath except in the case of parts fabricated from corrosion-resistant steels or alloys on which a preliminary deposit of nickel or other suitable metal is permissible.3.2.2 The plated parts shall be removed from the plating solution, thoroughly rinsed, and dried.3.3 Post Treatment3.3.1

32、Steel parts shall receive a hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment in accordance with AMS2759/9 or an alternate procedure approved by the cognizant engineering organization. Other metals and alloys do not require hydrogen embrittlement relief baking.3.3.2 Parts requiring special handling shall be t

33、reated as agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2405E Page 4 of 73.3.3 When post plating bake is specified by the cognizant engineer

34、ing organization for improved adhesion or hardening of the deposit, parts shall be heated for 30 to 60 minutes, preferably in an inert atmosphere, at 750 F 15 (400 C 8) except that parts made of nonheat treatable aluminum alloy shall be heated at 375 F 15 (190 C 8) for not less than 4 hours, and hea

35、t treatable aluminum alloys shall be heated at 250 F 15 (120 C 8) for not less than 4 hours.3.4 PropertiesPlating shall conform to the following requirements:3.4.1 CompositionThe phosphorus content of the deposited nickel-phosphorus alloy shall be held as low as possible and shall not exceed 8%.3.4.

36、2 ThicknessShall be as specified on the drawing, determined on representative parts or test panels by micrometer method, by microscopic method in accordance with ASTM B 487, or by other method agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. 3.4.3 AdhesionSpecimens shall show no separation of plating from the b

37、asis metal, when examined at up to 6X magnification, after being bent rapidly at room temperature, in accordance with ASTM E 290, through an angle of 180 degrees around a diameter equal to the nominal thickness of the specimen. Formation of cracks which do not result in flaking or blistering of the

38、plating is acceptable.3.4.3.1 As a referee test, plating shall show no blisters or cracks on representative steel parts or test panels after being heated in air, preferably in a circulating-air furnace, at 700 F 15 (370 C 8) for 23 hours 1 followed by heating at 1000 F 15 (540 C 8) for 60 minutes 5.

39、3.4.4 Corrosion ResistanceSteel parts or representative test panels having specified minimum plating thickness of 0.001 inch (25 m) or more, shall, after plating and embrittlement-relieving, show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 48 hours to c

40、ontinuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117.3.4.5 Hydrogen EmbrittlementThe plating process after baking shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in steel parts. The hydrogen embrittlement test shall be in accordance with ASTM F519 Type 1a.1 using round notched specimen

41、s, unless a different specimen is specified by the cognizant engineering organization, stressed in tension under sustained load. For test purposes, the plating thickness shall be 0.0005 to 0.0007 inch (13 to 18 um) measured on the smooth section of the specimen, with visual evidence of plating at th

42、e root of the notch. Testing beyond the 200 hour test period is not required.3.5 QualityPlated surfaces shall be smooth, continuous, and uniform in appearance and shall be free from frosty areas, pinholes, blisters, and other imperfections detrimental to usage of the plate. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROV

43、ISIONS4.1 Responsibility for InspectionThe processing vendor shall supply all samples for vendors tests and shall be responsible for performing all required tests. Results of such tests shall be reported to the purchaser as required by 4.5. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any c

44、onfirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to the requirements of this specification.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2405E Page 5 of

45、74.2 Classification of Tests4.2.1 Acceptance TestsTests to determine conformance to requirements for thickness (3.4.2) and quality (3.5) are classified as acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot.4.2.2 Periodic TestsTests to determine conformance to requirements for composition (3.4.1), a

46、dhesion (3.4.3) and corrosion resistance (3.4.4) and of cleaning and plating solutions to ensure that the deposited metal will conform to the requirements of this specification are classified as periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unless frequency of testing i

47、s specified by the cognizant engineering organization. Hydrogen embrittlement (3.4.5) is a periodic test and shall be performed at least once in each month that steel parts 36 HRC and over are plated unless frequency of testing is specified by the cognizant engineering organization.4.2.3 Preproducti

48、on TestsTests to determine conformance to all technical requirements of this specification are classified as preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the initial shipment of plated parts to a purchaser, when a change in material or processing, or both, requires reapproval as in 4.4.2, and when the cognizant engineering organization deems confirmatory testing to be required.4.2.3.1 For direct U.S. Military procurement, substantiating test data and, when requested, preproduction test material shall be submitted to the cognizant agency as