1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS4978GAEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONAMS4978 REV. GIssued 1970-05Revised 2014-03Supersedin
5、g AMS4978FTitanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Rings6Al -6V -2SnAnnealed(Composition similar to UNS R56620)RATIONALEAMS4978F results from an update of this specification requiring agreement on mechanical property values for material outside the size range (Table 2), the addition of AS6279 (3.8)
6、and revises the report paragraph (4.4).1. SCOPE1.1 FormThis specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars, wire, forgings, flash welded rings 4.000 inches (101.60 mm) and under in diameter or least distance between parallel sides and stock of any size for forging or flash welded rings (S
7、ee 8.6).1.2 ApplicationThese products have been used typically for parts which require high mechanical properties in the annealed condition and a high strength to weight ratio up to 750 F (399 C), but usage is not limited to such applications.1.2.1 Certain processing procedures and service condition
8、s may cause these products to become subject to stress-corrosion cracking; ARP982 recommends practices to minimize such conditions.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSThe issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein
9、. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE I
10、nternational, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS2241 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel, Iron Alloy, Titanium, and Titanium Alloy Bars and WireAMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits,
11、Titanium and Titanium AlloysSAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4978G Page 2 of 7AMS2368 Sampling and Testing of Wrought Titanium Raw Material, Except Forgings and Forging StockAMS2750 PyrometryAMS2808 Identification, ForgingsAMS2809 Identification, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought ProductsAMS7498 Rings, Flash
12、Welded, Titanium and Titanium AlloysARP982 Minimizing Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Wrought Titanium Alloy ProductsAS6279 Industry Standard Practices for Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Metal Stock2.2 ASTM PublicationsAvailable from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C70
13、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM E 8 / E 8M Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsASTM E 399 Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic MaterialsASTM E 1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Technique
14、ASTM E 1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection MethodASTM E 1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion AnalysisASTM E 2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloy
15、s by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS3.1 CompositionShall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E 1447, oxygen and ni
16、trogen in accordance with ASTM E 1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E 2371. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser.TABLE 1 - COMPOSITIONElement min maxAluminumVanadiumTinIronCopperCarbonOxygenNitrogenHydrogenYttrium (3.1.1) (3.1.4)Residual Elements, each (3
17、.1.1)Residual Elements, total (3.1.1)Titanium5.005.001.500.350.35-remainder6.00 6.00 2.50 1.00 1.00 0.05 0.20 0.040.0150.0050.10 0.40 (400 ppm)(150 ppm)( 50 ppm)SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4978G Page 3 of 73.1.1 Determination not required for routine acceptance.3.1.2 Check AnalysisComposition variations sh
18、all meet the applicable requirements of AMS2249.3.1.3 When using ASTM E 1447 for hydrogen determination, sample size may be as large as 0.35 gram.3.1.4 No variation over maximum will be permitted for yttrium.3.2 Melting PracticeAlloy shall be multiple melted. The first melt shall be made by vacuum c
19、onsumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice. The subsequent melt or melts shall be made under vacuum using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice. Alloy additions are not permitted in the final melt cycle.3.2.1 The atmosphere for n
20、onconsumable electrode melting shall be vacuum or shall be inert gas at a pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury.3.2.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled copper.3.3 ConditionThe product shall be supplied in the following condition:3.3.1 BarsHot finished
21、with or without subsequent cold reduction, annealed, and descaled. The product shall be processed to the final thickness/diameter by metallurgical working operations prior to any straightening, dimensional sizing or surface finishing operations. Bar shall not be cut from plate.3.3.2 WireCold drawn,
22、annealed, and descaled.3.3.3 Forgings and Flash Welded RingsAnnealed and descaled.3.3.3.1 Flash welded rings shall not be supplied unless specified or permitted on purchasers part drawing. When supplied, rings shall be manufactured in accordance with AMS7498.3.3.4 Stock for Forging or Flash Welded R
23、ingsAs ordered by the forging or flash welded ring manufacturer.3.4 Heat Treatment3.4.1 AnnealingBars, wire, forgings, and flash welded rings shall be annealed by heating to 1300 to 1450 F (704 to 788 C), holding at heat for 1 to 2 hours, and cooling as required. Pyrometry shall be in accordance wit
24、h AMS2750.3.5 PropertiesThe product shall conform to the following requirements:SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4978G Page 4 of 73.5.1 Bars, Wire, Forgings, and Flash Welded Rings3.5.1.1 Tensile PropertiesShall be as specified in Table 2, determined in accordance with ASTM E 8 / E 8M with the rate of strain se
25、t at 0.005 inch/inch/minute (0.005 mm/mm/minute) and maintained within a tolerance of 0.002 inch/inch/minute (0.002 mm/mm/minute) through the 0.2% offset yield strain.3.5.1.1.1 Tensile property requirements apply in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Transverse tensile properties of Ta
26、ble 2 apply only to product where a test specimen not less than 2.50 inches (63.5 mm) in length can be obtained.3.5.1.1.2 Specimens for the longitudinal requirements of Table 2 shall be taken with the axis of the specimen within 15 degrees of parallel to the grain flow and specimens for flash welded
27、 rings shall be taken in the circumferential direction.3.5.1.1.3 Yield strength and reduction of area requirements do not apply to wire under 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) in nominal diameter.TABLE 2A - TENSILE PROPERTIES, INCH/POUND UNITSNominalDiameter or Least DistanceBetween Parallel SidesInchesTensileSt
28、rengthksi, minYield Strengthat 0.2% OffsetksiElongation in2 inches or 4D%, minLong.Elongation in2 inches or 4D%, minTrans.Reductionof area%, minLong.Reductionof area%, minTrans.Up to 2.000, incl 150 140 to 165 10 8 20 15Over 2.000 to 4.000, incl 145 135 to 160 10 8 15 15TABLE 2B - TENSILE PROPERTIES
29、, SI UNITSNominalDiameter or Least DistanceBetween Parallel SidesMillimetersTensileStrengthMPa, minYield Strengthat 0.2% OffsetMPaElongation in50.8 mm or 4D%, minLong.Elongation in50.8 mm or 4D%, minTrans.Reductionof Area%, minLong.Reductionof Area%, minTrans.Up to 50.80, incl 1034 965 to 1138 10 8
30、20 15Over 50.80 to 101.60, incl 1000 931 to 1103 10 8 15 153.5.1.1.4 Mechanical property requirements for product outside the size range covered by Table 2 shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer.3.5.1.2 MicrostructureShall be that structure resulting from processing within the alpha-bet
31、a phase field. Microstructure shall conform to 3.5.1.2.1, 3.5.1.2.2, or 3.5.1.2.3 (See 8.2).3.5.1.2.1 Equiaxed alpha in a transformed beta matrix.3.5.1.2.2 Equiaxed alpha and elongated alpha in a transformed beta matrix.3.5.1.2.3 Partially broken and distorted grain boundary alpha with plate-like al
32、pha.3.5.1.2.4 A microstructure showing a continuous network of alpha in prior beta grain boundaries is not acceptable.3.5.1.3 Surface ContaminationExcept as specified in 3.5.1.3.1 and 3.5.1.3.2, the product shall be free of any oxygen-rich layer (See 8.3), such as alpha case, or other surface contam
33、ination, determined by microscopic examination at not lower than 400X magnification or by other method agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4978G Page 5 of 73.5.1.3.1 An oxygen-rich layer not thicker than 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) is permitted on bars other than round.3.5.1.3.2 When
34、permitted by purchaser, product to be machined all over may have an oxygen-rich layer, provided such layer is removable within the machining allowance on the product.3.5.1.4 Fracture-ToughnessWhen specified, the product shall be subjected to fracture toughness testing. ASTM E 399 is a recommended me
35、thod of test for product over 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in nominal thickness. Method of test and standards for acceptance shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.3.5.2 Forging StockWhen a sample of stock is forged to a test coupon and heat treated as in 3.4, specimens taken from the heat treated co
36、upon shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1. If specimens taken from the stock after heat treatment as in 3.4 conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1, the tests shall be accepted as equivalent to tests of a forged coupon.3.5.3 Stock for Flash Welded RingsSpecimens taken from the stock after hea
37、t treatment as in 3.4 shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1.3.6 QualityThe product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product.3.7 TolerancesBars and wire shall conform
38、to all applicable requirements of AMS2241.3.8 Production, distribution, and procurement of metal stock shall comply with AS6279. This requirement becomes effective October 1, 2015.4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS4.1 Responsibility for InspectionThe vendor of the product shall supply all samples for v
39、endors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements.4.2 Classification of Tests4.2.1 Acceptance TestsThe followin
40、g requirements are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable.4.2.1.1 Composition (3.1) of each heat.4.2.1.2 Hydrogen content (3.1), tensile properties (3.5.1.1), microstructure (3.5.1.2), surface contamination (3.5.1.3), and when specified, fracture-toughness (3.5.1.4
41、) of bars, wire, forgings, and flash welded rings.4.2.1.3 Tolerances (3.7) of bars and wire.4.2.2 Periodic TestsAbility of forging stock (3.5.2) and stock for flash welded rings (3.5.3) to develop specified properties are periodic tests andshall be performed at a frequency selected by the vendor unl
42、ess frequency of testing is specified by purchaser.SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4978G Page 6 of 74.3 Sampling and TestingShall be in accordance with AMS2368 and as follows: A lot shall be all product of the same nominal size from the same heat processed at the same time.4.3.1 For Acceptance Tests4.3.1.1 Com
43、positionAt least one sample from each heat, except that for hydrogen determinations, one sample from each lot obtained after thermal and chemical processing is completed.4.3.1.2 Tensile PropertiesAt least one sample from bars, wire, and flash welded rings from each lot. The number, location, and ori
44、entation of samples from each lot of forgings shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.4.3.1.2.1 Specimens from flash welded rings shall be from parent metal not including the weld heat-affected zone.4.3.1.3 Other RequirementsAs agreed upon by purchaser and vendor.4.3.2 For Periodic TestsAs a
45、greed upon by purchaser and vendor.4.4 Reports4.4.1 The producer shall furnish with each shipment a report showing the producer identity, country where the metal was melted (e.g., final melt in the case of metal processed by multiple melting operations), the results of tests for composition of each
46、heat and for the hydrogen content, tensile properties, fracture toughness (when specified), and surface contamination of each lot and state that the product conforms to the other technical requirements. The report shall include the purchase order number, heat and lot numbers, AMS4978G, product form
47、and mill produced size (and/or part number, if applicable), specific annealing treatment used, and quantity. If forgings are supplied, the part number and the size and melt source of stock used to make the forgings shall also be included.The producer of stock for forging or flash welded rings shall
48、furnish with each shipment a report showing the results of tests for composition of each heat and for the hydrogen content of each lot. This report shall include the purchase order number, heat number, AMS4978G, size, and quantity.4.4.2 Report the nominal metallurgically worked cross sectional size
49、and the cut size, if different (See 3.3.1).4.4.3 When the product size is outside the range covered by Table 2, the report shall contain a statement to that effect.4.5 Resampling and RetestingIf any specimen used in the above tests fails to meet the specified requirements, disposition of the product may be based on the results of testing three additional specimens for each original nonconforming specimen. Failure of any ret
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