1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP4260BAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP4260 REV. BIssued 1998-11 Revised 2014-05
5、Superseding ARP4260A Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Electronic Flat Panel Displays RATIONALE Revision B corrects a typographical error in section 4.5.3.4 step d. The VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) Flat Panel Display Measurements Standard Version 2 re
6、ference document has been updated and replaced by the Society for Information Display (SID) International Committee for Display Metrology (ICDM) Information Display Measurements Standard (IDMS); see http:/www.sid.org/ICDM.aspx. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 41.1 Purpose . 41.2 Introduction . 41.3 Field
7、 of Application 51.4 Classes of Tests 51.4.1 Categories of Test . 51.4.2 Procedure Constraints 52. REFERENCES 62.1 Applicable Documents 62.1.1 SAE Publications . 62.1.2 ASTM Publications 62.1.3 CIE Publications 72.1.5 EIAJ Publications 72.1.6 U.S. Government Publications 72.2 Related Publications .
8、82.3 Definitions . 92.4 Terminology and Abbreviations 93. GENERAL PROCEDURES 103.1 Units of Measure . 103.1.1 Linear Measurement Units 103.1.2 Luminance Units . 103.1.3 Illuminance Units . 103.2 Laboratory Conditions . 113.2.1 Temperature 113.2.2 Humidity 113.2.3 Electrical Input Power . 113.2.4 Amb
9、ient Light 11SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 2 of 74 3.3 Laboratory Standards . 113.3.1 Radiance Standard . 113.3.2 Luminance Standard . 123.3.3 Illuminance and Irradiance Standards 123.3.4 Reflectance Standards 123.3.5 Wavelength Calibration Standards . 143.4 Measurement Equipment 143.4.1 Measuring
10、 Optics 143.4.2 Luminance . 153.4.3 Color 203.4.4 Positioning Equipment: . 243.5 Ancillary Equipment 293.5.1 Light Sources 293.5.2 Optical Components . 303.5.3 Mechanical Devices 303.6 Measurement Errors and Uncertainty . 304. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES 314.1 Important Measurement Considerations . 314.2
11、 Multiple Point Measurement Positioning Guidelines 314.2.1 Design Viewing Envelope (DVE) Positioning 314.3 Luminance . 324.3.1 Area Luminance 324.3.2 Display Element Luminance . 324.3.3 Ambient Illuminance 334.3.4 Luminance Uniformity . 344.3.5 Contrast . 364.3.6 Reflectance . 404.3.7 Line Profile a
12、nd Line Width . 474.3.8 Crosstalk . 504.3.9 Gray Scale 524.4 Color 534.4.1 Spectroradiometric Measurements . 534.4.2 Colorimeter Measurements . 534.4.3 Color Comparison Calculations 544.5 Temporal . 604.5.1 Response Time . 604.5.2 Flicker 634.5.3 Image Retention 634.6 Quality . 644.6.1 Defects 645.
13、NOTES 65 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY 66 APPENDIX B ARP4256 TO ARP4260 TO AS8034 CROSS REFERENCE . 72 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 3 of 74 FIGURE 1 SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF RADIANCE STANDARD 12 FIGURE 2 MEASUREMENT OPTICS 14 FIGURE 3 TYPE A GONIOMETER 25 FIGURE 4 TYPE A AXIS ROTATIONS 26 FIGURE 5 TYPE B G
14、ONIOMETER 27 FIGURE 6 TYPE B AXIS ROTATIONS 27 FIGURE 7 SPHERICAL GONIOMETER 28 FIGURE 8 POLAR AXIS ROTATIONS . 28 FIGURE 9 REFLECTANCE SETUP . 42 FIGURE 10 ALTERNATE SETUP 42 FIGURE 11 MULTIPLE IMAGES 43 FIGURE 12 DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SETUP 45 FIGURE 13 LINE PROFILE SETUP . 48 FIGURE 14 TYPICAL LINE
15、 PROFILE DATA . 49 FIGURE 15 CALCULATING LINE WIDTH . 50 FIGURE 16 CROSSTALK TEST PATTERN 51 FIGURE 17 UUT SHOWING CROSSTALK . 51 FIGURE 18 GRAY SCALE LINEARITY . 52 FIGURE 19 OFF TO ON RESPONSE TIME (LC LT0) 61 FIGURE 20 ON TO OFF RESPONSE TIME (LC LT0) 62 FIGURE 21 IMAGE RETENTION TEST PATTERN . 6
16、3 FIGURE 22 IMAGE RETENTION ARTIFACTS 64 TABLE 1 UNITS OF LINEAR MEASURE 10 TABLE 2 CROSSTALK SETUP PATTERNS . 51 TABLE 3 EXAMPLE OF COLOR UNIFORMITY DATA ACQUISITION 55 TABLE 4 EXAMPLE OF BACKGROUND (BLACK) COLOR UNIFORMITY OVER THE DISPLAY AREA . 56 TABLE 5 CHROMA BACKGROUND DATA REDUCTION EXAMPLE
17、 57 TABLE 6 EXAMPLE OF RED COLOR UNIFORMITY DATA REDUCTION 58 TABLE 7 EXAMPLE OF VIEWING ENVELOPE MAGENTA COLOR TOLERANCE DATA REDUCTION . 59 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 4 of 74 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of air
18、borne electronic flat panel display (FPD) systems. The methods described are specific to the direct view, liquid crystal matrix (x-y addressable) display technology used on aircraft flight decks. The focus of this document is on active matrix, liquid crystal displays (LCD). The majority of the proce
19、dures can be applied to other display technologies, however, it is cautioned that some techniques need to be tailored to different display technologies. The document covers monochrome and color LCD operation in the transmissive mode within the visual spectrum (the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm).
20、 These procedures are adaptable to reflective and transflective displays paying special attention to the source illumination geometry. Photometric and colorimetric measurement procedures for airborne direct view CRT (cathode ray tube) displays are found in ARP1782. Optical measurement procedures for
21、 airborne head up displays (HUDs) can be found in ARP5287. Generally, the procedures describe manual single point measurements. The individual procedures may be readily incorporated into automated testing equipment (ATE) or other automated environments. This also includes, but is not limited to Four
22、ier scopes and video imaging devices. This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this Technical Report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom,
23、 is the sole responsibility of the user. 1.1 Purpose This document is intended as a guide toward standard measurement practices in support of ARP4256 and AS8034 but is not limited to its requirements. The use of this document is not as a basis for legal regulation. The purpose of ARP4260 is to provi
24、de display measurement procedures and is referenced in: ARP4256, Design Objectives for Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft, AS8034, Minimum Performance Standard for Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays, FAA AC 25-11 A, Electronic Flight Deck Displays, FAA TSO-C113, Airborne
25、 Multipurpose Electronic Displays, FAA ANM-03-111-18, Policy Statement on the Installation of Transport Category Airplane Flightdeck Liquid Crystal Displays. AC 25-11 and TSO-C113 call out AS8034. AS8034 and ARP4256 refer to ARP4260. ANM-03-111-18 calls out ARP4256. Appendix B provides a cross refer
26、ence between the ARP4256 and AS8034 requirements and ARP4260 test procedures. Sections 2 and 3 cover background for general procedures and equipment setups. Section 4 provides the specific test procedures for the parameters. 1.2 Introduction This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide towar
27、d standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. To this end, the ARP4260 Revision A team actively participated with other industry display measurement groups including the following. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 5 of 74 VESA Flat Panel Display Mea
28、surements Standard, SID ICDM (Society for Information Display International Committee on Display Measurement) Display Measurement Standard, NIST (National Institute for Standards and Technology) Flat Panel Laboratory, http:/www.fpdl.nist.gov/, British National Physical Laboratory (NPL) - Displays, h
29、ttp:/www.npl.co.uk/server.php?show=nav.329, SAE vehicular automotive displays standard metrology. As part of the Revision A work, the same representative avionics sample display was tested in seven optical laboratories. The results of the round robin validation testing helped determine that the opti
30、cal requirement verification procedures defined in ARP4260 are valid, accurate, repeatable, and achievable in a means that is conducive to cost effective procurement and certification. Measurement result data reduction examples have been added to Revision A to help the user. 1.3 Field of Application
31、 This document defines four classes of tests. Each class of test is applicable to the different phases of a products life e.g., engineering development (Class 1), mockup simulator tests (Class 2), production/quality assurance (Class 3), and service/flight readiness (Class 4). The test requirements f
32、or each of these phases differ and hence the test procedures for each test class may differ. Each procedure in this document is Class 1 unless otherwise stated. 1.4 Classes of Tests Class 1 - Laboratory Tests - The objective of tests in this class is to verify the design of the display system. Tests
33、 in this class are most appropriate in an engineering laboratory environment or as part of a certification program. Class 2 - Mockup, Simulator Tests - The installation performance testing involves placing the display in a cockpit mock up; and placing the cockpit mock-up in an ambient illumination e
34、nvironment that could simulate typical illuminance and luminance conditions. The display would then be evaluated by pilots (or other suitable personnel) to verify that the visual performance complies with 4.3.3 of AS8034 Revision A and 4.2.1 in ARP4256 Revision A. These tests also evaluate the displ
35、ays interaction with other displays, lighting, and controls. Class 3 - Production/Quality Assurance - The objective of this test class is to verify that every display has been manufactured or repaired to meet specified requirements. Tests in this class are most appropriate for acceptance and/or end
36、item tests. Class 4 - Maintenance/Flight Readiness - The objective of tests in this class is to verify that display performance is within acceptable flight limits. Tests in this class are most appropriate for field service and flight line inspection. 1.4.1 Categories of Test The test procedures of t
37、his document are divided into three categories: Photometric: Luminance and Chromaticity Geometric: Spatial Measurements Temporal: Time-Based Measurements 1.4.2 Procedure Constraints The test procedures of this document are designed to be performed under the following constraint: no internal access t
38、o the unit under test is allowed for Class 3 and Class 4 testing. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 6 of 74 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable is
39、sue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations
40、unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2521 Coating, Reflection-Reducing for Instrument Glasses
41、 ARP1782 Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Direct View CRT Displays ARP1874 Design Objectives for CRT Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft ARP4067 Design Objectives for CRT Displays for Part 23 Aircraft ARP4101 Flight Deck Layout and Facilities ARP4256 Design Obje
42、ctives for Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) Aircraft AS7788 Panels, Information, Integrally Illuminated AS8034 Minimum Performance Standard for Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays J1330 Photometry Laboratory Accuracy Guidelines J1757-1 Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays 2
43、.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. D523-08 Standard Test Method for Specular E1336-96 (2003) Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit
44、 by Spectroradiometry E1455-03 Standard Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters E1682-05 Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a Visual Display Unit E308-06 Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using
45、the CIE System SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4260B Page 7 of 74 2.1.3 CIE Publications Available from CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Vienna, Austria, Tel: +43 1 714 31 87 0, www.cie.co.at. ISO 10527:2007(E)/CIE S 014-1/E:2006: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE Standard Colorimetric Observers ISO 10526:200
46、7(E)/CIE S 014-2/E:2006: Joint ISO/CIE Standard: CIE standard illuminants for Colorimetry Pub. 15:2004 Colorimetry, 3rd ed. Pub. 17.4-1987 International lighting vocabulary, 4th ed. (Joint publication IEC/CIE) Pub. 18.2-1983 The basis of physical photometry, 2nd ed. Pub. 53-1982 Methods of character
47、izing the performance of radiometers and photometers Pub. 63-1984 The spectroradiometric measurement of light sources Pub. 64-1984 Determination of the spectral responsivity of optical radiation detectors Pub. 69-1987 Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters: Performance, ch
48、aracteristics and specifications 2.1.4 EIAJ Publications Available from Electronic Industries Association, Japan, 250 West 34 Street, Suite 1533, New York, NY 10119. JIS C 7071-198 General Rule of Liquid Crystal Display Panel (draft, in Japanese) JIS C 7072-198 Measuring Methods for Liquid Crystal D
49、isplay Panels (draft, in Japanese) LD-101-1980 Terms and Definitions for Liquid Crystal Display Devices LD-201-1984 Measuring Methods for Liquid Crystal Display Panels and Constructive Materials The JIS (Japan Industry Standard) publications referenced in 2.1.5 of ARP4260 are obtainable from ANSI, however, the EIAJ appears to have similar documents albeit with different document numbers. The LD prefixed documents
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