1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pu
3、blication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP4945AAEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP4945 REV. AIssued 1997-11 Revised 2003-09 R
5、eaffirmed 2013-11 Superseding ARP4945 Aerospace-Solenoid Valve, Hydraulic, Three Way, Two Position, Direct Acting RATIONALEARP4945A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE .52. REFERENCES .52.1 Applicable Documents .52.1.1 SAE Publications .62.1.
6、2 ISO Publications 62.1.3 U.S. Government Publications.62.1.4 Other Publications72.1.5 NAS Standards.72.1.6 ANSI Publications 83. REQUIREMENTS.83.1 Introduction 83.1.1 Terminology and Definitions.93.1.1.1 Solenoid Valve .93.1.1.2 Three Way, Two Position93.1.1.3 Port Designation 93.1.1.4 Direct Actin
7、g.93.1.1.5 Purchaser.93.1.1.6 Supplier93.2 Detail Specification Considerations93.2.1 Scope.93.2.2 Requirements.103.2.3 Design Requirements.103.2.4 Mechanical.103.2.4.1 Workmanship .103.2.4.2 Physical Description.103.2.4.3 Identification. 11TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)3.2.4.4 Weight153.2.4.5 Install
8、ation and Adjustments 153.2.4.6 Attitude.153.2.4.7 Materials 153.2.4.8 Moisture Resistance.153.2.4.9 Metals.153.2.4.10 Non-Metallic Materials163.2.4.11 Castings and Forgings .163.2.4.12 Protective Treatment163.2.4.13 Encapsulation and Potting .163.2.4.14 Structural Strength .163.2.4.15 Threaded Part
9、s and Retaining Methods 173.2.4.16 Orifice Protection .173.2.4.17 Seals 173.2.5 Hydraulic 173.2.5.1 Hydraulic Fluid .173.2.5.2 Fluid Contamination .173.2.5.3 Operating Pressure173.2.5.4 Proof Pressure .183.2.5.5 Burst Pressure .183.2.5.6 Pressure Variations183.2.5.7 Impulse Pressure .183.2.5.8 High
10、Pressure Design Considerations .193.2.5.9 External Leakage .203.2.5.10 Internal Leakage 203.2.5.11 Interflow .203.2.5.12 Rated Flow.203.2.6 Electrical 233.2.6.1 Excitation233.2.6.2 Electrical Wiring .233.2.6.3 Coil Connections233.2.6.4 Performance 233.2.6.5 Rated Current 253.2.6.6 Coil Resistance 25
11、3.2.6.7 Insulation Resistance.253.2.6.8 Dielectric Strength253.2.6.9 Transient Suppression .253.2.6.10 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility (EMIC) 263.2.6.11 Electrical Bonding 263.2.6.12 Pull-in Voltage 263.2.6.13 Drop-out Voltage 263.2.6.14 Pull-in Response Time .273.2.6.15 Drop-out Resp
12、onse Time .273.2.7 Environmental Requirements.273.2.7.1 Temperature.27SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 2 of 43_TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)3.2.7.2 Altitude .313.2.7.3 Explosive Atmosphere .313.2.7.4 Temperature Shock313.2.7.5 Humidity .313.2.7.6 Fungus .313.2.7.7 Salt Fog313.2.7.8 Sand and Dust .313
13、.2.7.9 Immersion 313.2.7.10 Vibration.313.2.7.11 Shock .313.2.7.12 Operational Service Life.313.2.7.13 Human Factors Engineering 324. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS324.1 General 324.1.1 Requirements Verification Methods .324.1.2 Conformance Verification.324.1.3 Classification of Tests.354.1.4 Test Mea
14、surement Accuracy354.1.5 Responsibility for Verification .354.2 Qualification Tests354.2.1 General 354.2.2 Pretest Inspection 364.2.3 Acceptance Tests.364.2.4 Environmental/Structural Tests.364.2.4.1 High Temperature 364.2.4.2 Low Temperature .364.2.4.3 Temperature Shock364.2.4.4 Temperature/Altitud
15、e364.2.4.5 Salt/Fog374.2.4.6 Sand/Dust 374.2.4.7 Explosive Atmosphere .374.2.4.8 Fungus .374.2.4.9 Shock .374.2.4.10 Vibration.374.2.4.11 Humidity .374.2.4.12 Burst Pressure .384.2.4.13 Operational Life384.2.4.14 Endurance Cycling.384.2.4.15 Impulse Pressure .384.2.4.16 Continuous Duty 384.2.4.17 In
16、sulation Resistance.384.2.4.18 Dielectric Strength38SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 3 of 43_TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)4.2.4.19 Transient Suppression .404.2.4.20 Pull-in Voltage 404.2.4.21 Drop-out Voltage 404.3 Post Qualification Test Inspection 404.3.1 Qualification Failures404.4 Qualification T
17、est Approval.404.5 Acceptance Tests.414.5.1 General 414.5.2 Inspection Records 414.5.3 Examination of Product414.5.4 Preparation.414.5.5 Performance Verification414.5.6 Acceptance Test Approval424.6 Special Tests424.6.1 Design Verification Tests424.6.2 Post Qualification Tests424.7 Receiving Inspect
18、ion Tests.425. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY .436. NOTES436.1 Key Words43FIGURE 1 Installation Data, End Face Mounted Solenoid Valve, Two Coil, Normally Closed 12FIGURE 2 Installation Data, Side Face Mounted Solenoid Valve, Four Coil, Normally Closed. 13FIGURE 3 Installation Data, Plug in Solenoid Valve,
19、 Two Coil, Normally Closed 14FIGURE 4A Test Set-up for Rated Flow Measurement Pressure to Cylinder Ports. 21FIGURE 4B Test Set-up for Rated Flow Measurement Cylinder to Return Ports 22FIGURE 5 Connector Pin Identification and Wire Color Coding 24FIGURE 6 Response Time Trace Measurement . 28FIGURE 7
20、Test Set-up for Response Time 29FIGURE 8 Quality Conformance Matrix. 33FIGURE 9 Test Set-up for Endurance Testing and Impulse Cycling 39SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 4 of 43_1. SCOPE:This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended as a guide to aid in the specifying and testing of direct
21、 acting three way, two position, single and multiple coil, normally open and normally closed solenoid valves used for the pilot actuation of hydraulic control systems and the control of hydraulic components.The information presented should be useful in standardizing terminology, in specifying requir
22、ements and performance parameters, and in defining test methods.The recommendations do not restrict or attempt to define the internal design features of solenoid valves. Standard mechanical, electrical and fluid porting interfaces are recommended to provide commonalty, interchangeability, design fle
23、xibility and to be more affordable.In general, this recommended practice is directed toward solenoid valves for use in military and commercial flight control and hydraulic actuation systems.For military aircraft applications, this recommended practice covers solenoid valves for use in hydraulic actu
24、ation systems of the following types as defined in AS5440 with rated operating pressures to 8000 psi (55,160 kPa) and flow rates typically less than 1 gpm (3.785 L/min).Type I -65 to +160 F fluid temperature(-54 to +71 C)Type II -65 to +275 F fluid temperature(-54 to + 135 C)For commercial aircraft
25、applications, the information and guidelines of ARP4752 are considered. References are made to several documents that address phosphate ester hydraulic fluids. Detail Specification requirements, however, may need to be modified for a specific application.When recommended by a paragraph, the word “sh
26、ould” is used. The word “shall” is used to designate a firm requirement of a paragraph.2. REFERENCES:This section includes a broad list of references that may be used in the preparation of a solenoid valve Detail Specification. It is recommended that only those references that are applicable and nec
27、essary in defining the requirements of the product be included.2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The effective date of references shall be as specified in the purchase order or contract. If not specified, the effective da
28、te shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemp
29、tion has been obtained.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 5 of 43_2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.AMS-QQ-P-35 Passivation Treatments for Corrosion - Resistant SteelAMS-QQ-C-320 Chromium Plating (Electrodeposited)AMS-STD-2175 Classification a
30、nd Inspection of CastingsAMS-H-6088 Heat Treatment of Aluminum AlloysAMS-H-6875 Heat Treatment of Steel Raw MaterialsAMS-F-7190 Forging, Steel, for Aircraft/Aerospace Equipment and Special Ordnance ApplicationsAMS-A-8625 Anodic Coatings, for Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysAMS-DTL-23053 Insulation Sleev
31、ing, Electrical Heat Shrinkable, Specification forAMS-P-83461 Packing, Preformed, Petroleum Based Hydraulic Fluid Resistant, Improved Performance at 275F (135C)ARP598 The Determination of Particulate Contamination in Liquids by the Particle Count MethodAS1241 Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester, Hydrauli
32、c Fluid for AircraftARP1383 Impulse Testing of Aerospace Hydraulic Actuators, Valves, Pressure Containers and Similar Fluid System ComponentsAS4059 Aerospace - Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic FluidsARP4386 Terminology and Definitions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation, and Control Technol
33、ogiesAS4716 Gland Design, O-ring and Other Elastomeric SealsARP4752 Aerospace Fluid Power - Design and Installation of Commercial Transport Aircraft Hydraulic SystemsAS5440 Hydraulic Systems, Aircraft, Design, Installation, Requirements for AS8775 Hydraulic System Components, Aircraft and Missiles,
34、General Specification forAS8791/1 Retainer, Packing, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic Polytetrafluoroethylene, Single TurnAS8879 Screw Threads - UNJ Profile, inchAS22759 Wire, Electrical, Fluoropolymer-Insulated, Copper or Copper AlloyAS28775 Packing, Preformed, Hydraulic, +275 F (O-Ring)AS40401 Solenoid El
35、ectrical, General Specification for2.1.2 ISO Publications: Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 261 General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - General PlanISO 10012-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for Measuring Equipment - Metrological confirmation system for measuring
36、equipment2.1.3 U.S. Government Publications: Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.MIL-HDBK-5400 Electronic Equipment, Airborne General Guidelines ForMIL-PRF-8516 Sealing Compound, Synthetic Rubber Electrical Connectors and El
37、ectric Systems, Chemically CuredSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 6 of 43_2.1.3 (Continued):MIL-DTL-16878 Wiring, Electrical, Insulated, General Specification forMIL-I-16923 Insulating Compound, Electrical, EmbeddingMIL-W-22759 Wire Electrical, Fluoropolymer-Insulated, Crosslinked Modified ETFE, Norma
38、l Weight, Nickel-Coated, High Strength Copper Alloy, 200C, 600 VoltMIL-PRF-23586 Sealing Compound with Accelerator, Electrical, Silicone RubberMIL-PRF-83282 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base Metric Nato Code H-537MIL-PRF-87257 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant; Low Temperatur
39、e, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft and MissileMIL-STD 130 Identification Marking of U.S. Military PropertyMIL-STD-202 Test Methods for Electronic and Electrical Component PartsMIL-STD 461 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic InterferenceMIL-STD-464 Electromagnetic Environmental Effec
40、ts Requirement for SystemsMIL-STD-681 Identification Coding and Application of Hook-up and Lead WireMIL-STD-704 Aircraft Electrical Power, CharacteristicsMIL-STD-810 Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory TestsMIL-STD-889 Dissimilar MetalsMIL-STD-1472 Human Engineering Department of
41、 Defense Design Criteria StandardMIL-STD-7179 Finishes, Coatings and Sealants for the Protection of Aerospace Weapons SystemsMIL-HDBK-5 Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle StructuresMIL-HDBK-310 Department of Defense Handbook - Global Climatic Data for Developing Military ProductsU
42、.S. Government Publications: Available from ASC/ENSI, Building 125, 2335 Seventh St., Ste 6, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7809.AFSC DH 1-3 Personnel Subsystem Design Three HandbookAFSC DH 1-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility2.1.4 RTCA Publications: Available from Radio Technical Commission for Aerona
43、utical Secretariat, One McPherson Square, Suite 500, 1425 K Street, NW., Washington DC 20005.RTCA-DO-160 Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment2.1.5 NAS Standards: Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.NAS 1613 Seal Ele
44、ment Packing, Preformed, Ethylene Propylene Rubber2.1.6 ANSI Publications: Available from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ANSI Z540.1 Laboratories, Calibration, and Measuring and Test EquipmentSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4945A Page 7 of 43_3. REQUIREMENTS:3.1 Introduction:This section is
45、 intended to be a guide for the preparation of a specification for a three-way, two position solenoid valve. The valve may be either a normally open or normally closed type. It is recommended that for standardization of document, the specification paragraphs be organized as follows:1. SCOPE2. REFERE
46、NCES3. REQUIREMENTS3.1 Design Requirements3.1.1 Mechanical3.1.2 Hydraulic3.1.3 Electrical3.2 Performance Requirements3.3 Environmental Requirements4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY6. NOTESApplicable documents should be listed under 2. REFERENCES.The mechanical interfaces inc
47、luded in this specification show examples of plug-in and face mounted installation options, with and without interface connectors. The interface dimensional details and hydraulic definition apply to single or multiple coil designs. This information represents typical 3000 psi (21,000 kPa) aerospace solenoid valve designs that have proven to be reliable and cost effective. The recommended Detail Specification limits stated in 3.2 and 4.2 are consistent with th
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