SAE ARP 5621-2004 Electronic Display of Aeronautical Information (Charts)《导航信息(图表)的电子显示》.pdf

1、 AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Electronic Display of Aeronautical Information (Charts)Issued 2004-11 ARP5621 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 1.1 Background4 1.2 Relation of Electronic to Paper Aeronautical Charts5 1.3 Overview 5 2. REFERENCES.7 2.1 Applicable Documents .7 2.1.1 SAE Publications7 2.1.2

2、 FAA Publications7 2.1.3 ICAO Publications7 2.1.4 RTCA Publications.7 2.2 Related Publications 82.2.1 SAE Publications8 2.2.2 FAA Publications8 2.2.3 RTCA Publications.8 2.2.4 NASA Publications.9 2.2.5 VOLPE Publications.92.3 Definitions 9 2.3.1 Terms.9 2.3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations .9 3. DESIGN

3、PHILOSOPHY.9 3.1 Workload/Simplicity93.2 Grouping of Information .9 3.3 Consistent Placement of Information .10 3.4 Clutter.10 Reaffirmed 2011-01SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of t

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5、ncelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, wi

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7、 visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5621SAE ARP5621 - 2 - 3.5 Tie to Paper Charts103.6 Automation.10 3.7 Information Access.113.8 Forgiveness11 3.9 Modes 11 4. DESIGN GUIDELINES.12 4.1 Aeronautical Information Display Elements .12 4.1.1 Generic Display Element Attributes .12 4.1.2 Chart

8、Specific Display Element Attributes12 4.2 Phase of Flight .15 4.2.1 Briefing.15 4.2.2 Taxi 15 4.2.3 Departure .15 4.2.4 Enroute.15 4.2.5 Arrival.15 4.2.6 Approach16 4.2.7 Missed Approach .164.3 Display Standards164.3.1 Information Groups 164.3.2 Group Locations.18 4.3.3 Information Groups for Charts

9、19 4.3.4 Display Formats .21 4.3.5 Display Features 24 4.3.6 Scaling .24 4.3.7 Symbology .25 4.3.8 Color.25 4.3.9 Electronic Chart Interpretation Requirements26 4.3.10 Visual Conflict Resolution 274.3.11 Display Device Locations.29 4.3.12 Relation to Navigation Display .29 4.3.13 Chart Projection .2

10、9 4.4 Control Standards 294.4.1 Chart Indexing29 4.4.2 Chart Selection.30 4.4.3 Chart Decluttering 32 4.4.4 Basic Control Features.354.4.5 Chart Format Selection Guidelines 35 4.4.6 Control of Enroute Charts 37 4.4.7 Multiple Chart Display System Considerations 37 4.5 Chart System .374.6 Notice to A

11、irmen (NOTAMs) 38 4.6.1 NOTAM Examples .38 4.6.2 NOTAM Availability 384.6.3 NOTAM Applicability 384.6.4 NOTAM Information Display 39 SAE ARP5621 - 3 - 5. CHART GENERATION COMPONENTS .40 5.1 Common Database 40 5.2 Chart File41 5.3 Display Generation.425.4 Charting Specifications 42 6. NOTES.42 6.1 Re

12、vision Indicator.426.2 Key Words42 APPENDIX A ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 43 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY46 APPENDIX C ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY GROUP LOCATIONS.56 APPENDIX D AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CRITICALITY MATRICES.57 APPENDIX E ILLUSTRATIONS .86 SAE ARP5621 - 4 - 1. SCOPE: The objective of this ARP is t

13、o provide a set of user-centered design guidelines for the implementation of data driven electronic aeronautical charts, which dynamically create charts from a database of individual elements. The data driven chart is intended to provide information required to navigate, but it is not intended to su

14、pplant the aircrafts primary navigation display. These guidelines seek to provide a balance between standardization of equipment with similar intended functions and individual manufacturer innovation. This ARP provides guidelines for the display of an electronic chart that can replace existing paper

15、. This document addresses what information is required, when it is required, and how it should be displayed and controlled. This document does not include all the detailed specifications required to generate an electronic aeronautical chart. This document primarily addresses the human factors aspect

16、s of electronic chart display, and does not address the software, hardware or system integrity/availability issues associated with certification of an electronic chart system. During the transition to data driven charts, the guidelines of this document should be applied to interim electronic chart p

17、roducts that may be pre-composed, such as vector or raster based electronic charts. This document is designed primarily for IFR Aeronautical Charts. There is a limited discussion of its applicability to VFR charts. 1.1 Background: Navigation charts have historically been produced as paper products a

18、nd carried by the flight crew from aircraft to aircraft, providing standardization from one aircraft type to another. Early versions of electronic charts have essentially been electronic representations of the paper products and because each operator still tends to use a single supplier, standardiza

19、tion is still provided. It is also vitally important to maintain consistency among database-driven electronic aeronautical charts. As electronic charts move toward becoming more integrated into individual flight decks, the design may become subject to the divergent philosophies of individual manufac

20、turers. In the past, this has resulted in diverse implementations of Electronic Flight Instrument Systems and Flight Management Systems. This document provides a set of guidelines to promote an appropriate level of consistency among manufacturers. SAE ARP5621 - 5 - 1.2 Relation of Electronic to Pape

21、r Aeronautical Charts: The current paper chart products have a long history in the aviation community and have evolved gradually to their current state. Since paper charts and electronic charts will both be used during the transition, it is important that mixed usage does not cause operational confl

22、icts. Therefore, electronic charts should draw on the lessons learned in the development and use of paper charts. Electronic charts should be displayed in a manner that makes their use compatible with paper charts while taking advantage of the capabilities of electronic displays. These advantages in

23、clude clutter reduction, phase of flight configuration, aircraft position overlay, zoom in/zoom out and layering of other useful information (e.g., weather radar and other graphically depicted information). Electronic databases can be rapidly and reliably updated using datalink technology. 1.3 Overv

24、iew: Section 2 - REFERENCES: This contains a list of documents that are applicable to the implementation of these guidelines and other reference publications. Section 3 - DESIGN PHILOSOPHY: This section describes the user centered design philosophies used in developing the design guidelines containe

25、d in Section 4. Section 4 - DESIGN GUIDELINES: This section describes information requirements (temporal and content). It also outlines general rules governing information display and control to achieve an acceptable level of standardization throughout the industry. Section 4.1 - Aeronautical Inform

26、ation Display Elements: An electronic aeronautical chart as described in this document is made up of a set of individual display elements, assumed to be contained in a unique chart file. Section 4.2 - Phase of Flight: defines the phases of flight and their relationship to selected procedures.Section

27、 4.3 - Display Standards: Provides guidance on information grouping, location and display formats to create a standardized look between displays without unduly restricting individual manufacturers innovation. Section 4.4 - Control Standards: Describes the minimum level of standardization required to

28、 achieve a similarity in control between different implementations. This section does not deal with hardware features. Section 4.5 - Chart System: References established guidelines such as those in FAA Advisory Circular 120-76A, for guidance on hardware and software issues. Section 4.6 - Notice to A

29、irmen: Provides information on issues concerning NOTAM applicability and display as it pertains to electronic chart information and its display. SAE ARP5621 - 6 - 1.3 (Continued): Section 5 - CHART GENERATION COMPONENTS: This section describes key components of the overall chart generation process.

30、Section 5.1 - Common Database: There may be numerous databases that contain all the detail information common to all electronic charts. Section 5.2 - Chart File: A unique chart file will define each charted procedure. The chart file in its simplest form is a listing of every display element that com

31、prises an individual electronic chart and the various attributes and rules unique to the chart. Section 5.3 - Display Generation: The display system uses the information in the chart file to render the electronic chart per the guidelines in this document. Section 5.4 - Charting Specifications: An el

32、ectronic chart should comply as closely as possible with existing paper aeronautical charting specifications modified to take advantage of the electronic display medium. Section 6 - NOTES: Document administrative notes. Appendix A - Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix B - Glossary Appendix C - Elect

33、ronic Chart Display Group Locations: Provides background on how the group location guidelines of this document were developed. Appendix D - Provides background and Aeronautical Information Criticality Matrices: descriptive information on the criticality matrices. Also includes the detail matrices fo

34、r each chart type. Appendix E - Chart Decluttering Examples: Provides examples of how the decluttering guidelines of this document may be used. SAE ARP5621 - 7 - 2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents: The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest

35、 issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this docum

36、ent, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.ARP5289 Electronic Aeronautical Symbols 2.1.2 FAA Publications: Available from Federal Aviation Admini

37、stration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591. FAA AC 120-76A Guidelines for the Certification, Airworthiness, and Operational Approval of Electronic Flight Bag Computing Devices 2.1.3 ICAO Publications: Available from Document Sales Unit, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICA

38、O), 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7. ICAO Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts ICAO Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services 2.1.4 RTCA Publications: Available from RTCA Inc., 1140 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1020, Washington, DC 20036. RTCA DO-257A Minimum Operational Performance

39、 Standards for the Depiction of Navigation Information on Electronic Maps SAE ARP5621 - 8 - 2.2 Related Publications: The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive

40、, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.ARP1874 Design objectives for CRT Displays for Part 25 Aircraft ARP4032A Human Engineering Considerations in the Application of Color to Electronic Aircraft Displays ARP4102 Flight Deck Panels Controls and Displays ARP4102-7 Electronic Displays ARP4256 Design Objectives f

41、or Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) AircraftARP5364 Human Factor Considerations in the Design of Multifunction Display Systems for Civil Aircraft ARP5898 Human Interface Criteria for Flight Deck Surface Operations DisplaysPaper 975555 Elfriede F. Hofer 2.2.2 FAA Publications: Availabl

42、e from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591. FAA AC 61-27C Instrument Flying Handbook 2.2.3 RTCA Publications: Available from RTCA Inc., 1140 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1020, Washington, DC 20036. RTCA DO-267A Minimum Aviation System Performance Stand

43、ards (MASPS) for Flight Information Services Broadcast (FIS-B) Data Link RTCA DO-289 Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications RTCA DO-272 User Requirements for Aerodrome Mapping Information RTCA DO-276 User Requirements for Terrain and Obstacle Dat

44、a SAE ARP5621 - 9 - 2.2.4 NASA Publications: Available from NASA, Documentation, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812. NASA Technical Paper 3561 - Wendell Ricks 2.2.5 VOLPE Publications: Volpe documents are available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA

45、 22161. DOT-VNTSC-FAA-95-9 Research Document for the Design of Electronic Instrument Approach Procedure Displays 2.3 Definitions: 2.3.1 Terms: Definitions for the various terms used in this document may be found in the Glossary in Appendix B. 2.3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations: Definitions for the var

46、ious acronyms and abbreviations used in this document may be found in the Appendix A. 3. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY: This section describes the underlying philosophies that are used to establish the design guidelines in Section 4. These philosophies are based on generally accepted design criteria that apply

47、to the task of designing electronic chart displays.The electronic display of aeronautical information must support the needs of the flight crew. Display design must take into account pilot requirements in differing phases of flight, which includes both the planning function and the use of the displa

48、y in executing procedures. 3.1 Workload/Simplicity: The electronic display should limit the number of features and operating modes as much as possible and yet provide the proper flexibility to accommodate the needs of the pilot. Accessing information on an electronic aeronautical chart should be qui

49、cker and easier than using a conventional paper chart. 3.2 Grouping of Information: Information should be organized into meaningful groups of related information. These groupings will assist the flight crew in developing an efficient framework for working with the system. Maintaining these consistent groups across all implementations will enhance the ability to transition from one system to another. SAE ARP5621 - 10 - 3.3 Consistent Placement of Information: Information should be able to be placed in the same location as much as possible. This applies to the placem