1、 AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Design Requirements and Test Procedures for Dual Mode Exterior Lights SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its a
2、pplicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments
3、and suggestions. Copyright 2005 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
4、TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 2005-07 ARP5825 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Purpose3 1.2 Limitations3 1.3 Field of Application.3 1.4 Classes of
5、Tests.3 2. REFERENCES.4 2.1 Applicable Documents .4 2.1.1 SAE Publications4 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications .4 2.2 Applicable References .5 2.3 Definitions 5 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.7 3.1 Background Information.7 3.2 Basic Visible Requirements for Exterior Lighting .8 3.2.1 Overview of Basic De
6、sign and Photometric Requirements for Single Mode (Non-NVIS) Exterior Lighting8 3.3 Overview of Photometric Requirements for NVIS Friendly Portion of Dual Mode Exterior Lighting.15 3.3.1 Definition of NVIS Friendly Exterior Lights .15 3.3.2 NVIS Friendly Requirements for Anti-Collision Lights19 3.3.
7、3 NVIS Friendly Requirements for Position Lights 20 3.3.4 NVIS Friendly Requirements for Formation Lights.23 3.3.5 NVIS Friendly Requirements for Landing/Taxi Lights 24 3.3.6 NVIS Friendly Requirements for Refueling Lights24 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for R
8、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 2 - 3.4 Covert Requirements .25 3.4.1 Definition of Covert Exterior Lights.25 3.4.2 Design Requirement for Covert Lighting 25 3.4.3 Covert Radiance Limits for Anti-Collision Lights 26 3.4.4 Covert Radiance Limits
9、 for Position Lights 27 3.4.5 Covert Radiance Limits for Formation Lights .29 3.4.6 Covert Radiance Limits for Landing/Taxi Lights.31 3.5 General Guidelines for Linking NRI Values to Distance.31 4. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES.32 4.1 Important Measurement Considerations 32 4.1.1 Laboratory Conditions32 4.
10、1.2 Laboratory Standards.32 4.1.3 Measurement Equipment .32 4.1.4 Positioning Equipment .33 4.2 Units of Measurement33 4.3 Test Procedures.33 4.3.1 Class 1 Test Procedures for Dual Mode Exterior Lights 33 4.3.2 Class 2 Test Procedures for Dual Mode Exterior Lights 37 4.3.3 Class 3 Test Procedures fo
11、r Dual Mode Exterior Lights 37 FIGURE 1 Standard or Non-NVIS Friendly Exterior Lights6 FIGURE 2 NVIS Friendly Exterior Lights .6 FIGURE 3 Test Set-Up for NRI18 FIGURE 4 Test Set-Up for Covert Lights.34 FIGURE 5 Test Set-Up for Flashing Lights36 TABLE 1 Minimum Effective Light Intensities 11 TABLE 2
12、FAA Navigation Light Requirements (must equal or exceed values) .12 TABLE 3 FAA FAR Overlapping Requirements 12 TABLE 4 Military Navigation Light Requirements13 TABLE 5 NRI Limits for Anti-Collision Lights .20 TABLE 6 NRI Limits for Color Linked Position Light22 TABLE 7 NRI Limits for Non-Color Link
13、ed Position Light 23 TABLE 8 NRI Limits for the Anti-Collision Covert Light .26 TABLE 9 Horizontal NRI Limits for Right Wingtip Covert 28 TABLE 10 Vertical NRI Limits for Right Wingtip Covert.28 TABLE 11 Horizontal NRI Limits for Left Wingtip Covert.29 TABLE 12 Vertical NRI Limits for Left Wingtip C
14、overt .29 TABLE 13 Range Calculations for NRI Detection With Goggles .32 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 3 - 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) cont
15、ains the general requirements and test procedures for Dual Mode (NVIS Friendly visible and Covert) exterior lighting for most rotorcraft and fixed wing aircraft and could be applicable to ground vehicles that desire a Dual Mode lighting system. 1.1 Purpose: This document is to define both the basic
16、NVIS Friendly limits for visible exterior lights and the radiance limits for the covert energy sources. In addition, this document will define the test methods and equipment necessary in verifying the measurements. 1.2 Limitations: This document includes and updates the traditional requirements that
17、 cover normal visible exterior lighting and integrate them with Dual Mode exterior lighting design and testing concepts. This document will not attempt to define the environmental qualification, reliability requirements or any of the other tests required that are normally contained in procurement sp
18、ecifications or readily found in other technical documentation. The primary focus of this document is for fixed wing aircraft, but other air frames or ground vehicles can use many of the technical requirements. 1.3 Field of Application: This document defines three classes of tests. Each test is appl
19、icable to the different phases of a products life: for example, engineering development and qualification (CLASS 1), production/quality assurance (CLASS 2), and field service maintenance or flight readiness (CLASS 3). The test requirements for each of these phases differ and hence the test procedure
20、s for each test class may differ. Each procedure in this document is CLASS 1 unless otherwise stated. 1.4 Classes of Tests: CLASS 1 - Laboratory Tests - The objective of tests in this class is to verify the design of the assembly. Tests in this class are most appropriate in an engineering laboratory
21、 environment or as part of a certification program. CLASS 2 - Production/Quality Assurance - The objective of this test class is to verify that every assembly has been manufactured or repaired to meet specified requirements. Tests in this class are most appropriate for acceptance and/or end item tes
22、ts. CLASS 3 - Maintenance/Flight Readiness - The objective of tests in this class is to verify that the assembly is within acceptable performance limits. Tests in this class are most appropriate for field service maintenance and flight line inspection. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS und
23、er license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 4 - 2. REFERENCES: 2.1 Applicable Documents: The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. T
24、he applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws
25、and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or www.sae.org. ARP694A Aerial Refueling Lights - Design Criteria AS8017A Minimum Performance Standard for Anticollision Light Systems 2.1.2 U.S. Go
26、vernment Publications: Available from Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/ MIL-L-85762A Lighting, Aircraft, Interior, Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) 26 Aug. 1988 Compatible MIL-STD-3009 Light
27、ing, Aircraft, Night Vision Imaging System 04 Oct. 2002 Notice 1 (NVIS) Compatible MIL-L-6503H Lighting Equipment, Aircraft, General Specification 25 March 1996 for Installation of Notice 2 MIL-L-006730C Lighting Equipment, Exterior, Aircraft (General Requirements for) 9 Oct. 1996 Notice 2 FAR 23 Ai
28、rworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes FAR 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes FAR 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft FAR 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft Copyright SAE International Provide
29、d by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 5 - 2.2 Applicable References: Aerospace Lighting Institute, February 2002 Advanced Seminar Tim Bushell, Oxley Presentation 2.3 Definitions: COVERT: Covert exterior lights
30、cannot be viewed in normal operation by the unaided eye and requires the use of night vision goggles. Covert lighting allows the benefits of exterior lights in mission requirements while in hostile battle area where there is a desire to limit visible detection. DUAL MODE: Dual Mode exterior lights c
31、omprises of two modes; visible and covert. The visible mode can be viewed with the unaided eye whereas the covert mode requires additional sensors (i.e., night vision goggles). In most cases, the visible mode is further divided into two categories; the first one being Aviation (or standard) and the
32、second one being NVIS Friendly (see NVIS Friendly). Dual Mode exterior lights are designed to operate with the use of night vision goggles. Most Standard or Aviation exterior lighting systems do not integrate naturally with night vision goggles. The exception being aviation lights that are naturally
33、 NVIS Friendly (this includes aviation green lights in general and selective LEDs that are being used for exterior lights). NRI: This abbreviation stands for NVIS Radiant Intensity. NRI is the unit used to measure Dual Mode exterior lights. Radiometric energy from a light source is collected and int
34、egrated with the response curve of the night vision goggles as defined in MIL-L-85762A. This integration is then multiplied by the distance squared of the energy source to the detector (in accordance to the inverse square rule). The units of NRI are Watts/steradian (W/sr). NVIS FRIENDLY: NVIS Friend
35、ly exterior lights can be viewed by the unaided eye and also with night vision goggles, but without degradation to the operational use of the goggles common with Standard or Aviation lighting designs. An NVIS Friendly lighting system reduces (but does not eliminate) the amount of near infra-red ener
36、gy contained by the light source. When viewed through night vision goggles, the NRI does not cause excessive “blooming” in the goggles. Excessive blooming can be defined as when the aircrafts exterior lights that are being viewed through the goggles merge together and obscure the outline of the airc
37、raft (Figure 1). Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 6 - FIGURE 1 - Standard or Non-NVIS Friendly Exterior Lights 2.3 (Continued): A NVIS Friendly exterior light will have s
38、ome IR content compared to lights that are completely NVIS compatible which would not be seen with night vision goggles. The proper balance of restricting the amount of IR content for various exterior lights is the key to the definition of “NVIS Friendly“. With a proper control of IR content, NVIS F
39、riendly exterior lights will be detected when viewed through the night vision goggles, and not overwhelm the aircraft outline (Figure 2). FIGURE 2 - NVIS Friendly Exterior Lights Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
40、ithout license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 7 - 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1 Background Information: As the use of night vision goggles becomes more and more part of the baseline configuration of interior cockpit design, technical requirements and specifications were developed to provide a common ba
41、seline design for aircraft cockpits and interior lighting systems. For exterior lighting, most of the NVIS requirements have been limited to defining covert Electroluminance (EL) strips for formation flying. However, the mission requirements for operational use of night vision goggles have driven th
42、e need to have the rest of the exterior lights to be made not only compatible with the goggles, but designed to be part of night time tactics. Existing standard exterior lights are designed primarily to prevent mid-air collisions. The specifications require most of the radiometric energy to be direc
43、ted in all directions, and with additional energy via the position lights directed forward and aft along with color filters to provide orientation (aviation colors). However, with the use of night vision goggles, these standard visible lights overwhelm the goggles and require IR suppression. The IR
44、suppression must not impact the lights to the extent that they fail the FAA and military specifications, nor the use of night vision goggles. This is the biggest challenge in designing NVIS Friendly exterior lights. As the operational use of night vision goggles have evolved, so has the mission requ
45、irements such that, NVIS Friendly lights alone does not support all of the operational mission requirements. The opposing pilots and enemy ground forces also have the use of night vision goggle technology and projecting even NVIS Friendly light impacts the survivability of the mission and the pilot.
46、 However, turning off all the exterior lights (the first use of the covert mode) makes it very difficult for your fellow pilots to regroup (or rejoin) and increases the possibility of mid-air collisions. This fact created the requirement for what is commonly considered covert lighting. Covert exteri
47、or lighting has very different radiometric patterns than visible exterior lighting. This is due to the mission requirements that dictate no radiometric energy directed forward for the enemy pilot to detect, and no radiometric energy downward for enemy ground forces to detect. All of the covert light
48、ing must be directed upward and aft to assist in rejoins. The major exceptions would be the Anti-Collision lights and any covert Landing/Taxi light systems. Current civil and military specifications cover the photometric patterns for visible exterior lighting, but it does not detail the requirements
49、 for NVIS Friendly or covert designs. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP5825 - 8 - 3.2 Basic Visible Requirements for Exterior Lighting All NVIS Friendly exterior lighting must still meet the standard (normal) visible requirements with the additional requirements of limited the amount of IR content t
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