SAE ARP 6253-2011 LEDs and Aircraft Applications《发光二极管(LEDs)和航空器应用》.pdf

1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma

3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US

4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP6253AEROSPACERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEARP6253 Issued 2011-04LEDs and Aircraft Applications RATIONA

5、LELED technology is finding widespread use in aviation applications. Given the significant differences between LED light sources and traditional technologies, developing successful products with LEDs requires a different design approach. This document provides general guidance on using LEDs. It ther

6、efore can serve to provide a basis for design evaluation and help designers avoid common pitfalls.TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 31.1 PURPOSE . 32. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 32.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS 32.2 ANSI Documents . 52.3 CIE (Commission Internationale De LEclairage) Publications . 52.4 FAA Publications . 5

7、2.5 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publications . 52.6 NIST Publications 62.7 RTCA Publications 62.8 U. S. Government Publications . 62.9 Other Publications . 72.10 Definitions . 73. RECOMMENDATIONS . 83.1 Key Considerations . 83.1.1 Key Considerations for LED Selection 83.1.2 Key C

8、onsiderations for Fixture Design . 93.2 Light Color Definition . 93.2.1 White Light 93.2.2 Monochromatic Light . 93.2.3 White Resulting from use of Phosphor . 93.2.4 White Resulting from Color Mixing Red, Green, and Blue . 93.2.5 Color Rendering Properties 93.2.6 Color Uniformity 103.3 Warm Up and S

9、tabilization . 103.4 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 103.5 Lumen Maintenance . 103.5.1 Factors affecting Operating Lifetime . 10Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 2 of

10、143.6 Dimming 103.7 Glare . 113.8 Input Power . 113.9 Abnormal Conditions . 113.10 Environmental Requirements 113.11 Electronic Requirements. 113.11.1 Transient protection 113.11.2 Voltage Polarity . 113.12 Reliability . 113.13 Component De-rating. . 123.13.1 Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) or

11、Burn-in . 123.14 Eye Safety . 123.14.1 Infrared Exposure 123.14.2 Warning Labels . 123.15 Electrical System Fault Protection 123.16 Failures Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) 123.17 Cooling 123.18 Outgassing 123.19 Optical Components Quality . 133.20 Exterior Application . 133.21 Flicker 133.22 Touc

12、h Temperature 133.23 Grounding and Bonding 133.24 Explosive Atmosphere 133.25 Electric Shock Hazard . 133.26 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 133.27 Failsafe 133.28 Design of Incandescent Replacement Lamp Modules using LED Technology 143.28.1 Qualification Criteria 143.28.2 Electrical Characteristics .

13、 143.28.3 Photometric and Radiometric Performance 143.28.4 Marking . 14Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 3 of 141. SCOPE This document presents minimum criteria for the

14、 design and installation of LED assemblies in aircraft. The use of “shall” in this specification expresses provisions that are binding. Non-mandatory provisions use the term “should.”1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to recommend minimum design criteria whic

15、h will lead to adequate performance standards for LED products in and on aircraft. This document recommends design and performance criteria for developing products subject to CFR Parts 23, 25, 27, and 29 certification that use light emitting diodes (LED) as their primary source of light for luminanc

16、e and illuminance applications. It is intended as guidance for the certifying authority and lighting design engineers. This document includes but is not limited to commercial aircraft.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The

17、applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document supersedes applicable laws and regulatio

18、ns unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AIR512 Aircraft Cabin Illumination AIR1106 Some Factors Aff

19、ecting Visibility of Aircraft Navigation and Anti-collision Lights AIR1151 Flight Compartment Glare AIR6042 LED Landing, Taxiing, Runway Turnoff, and Recognition Lights ARP693 Landing and Taxiing Lights - Design Criteria for Installation ARP378 Passenger Reading Lights ARP991 Position and Anti-colli

20、sion Lights - Turbine Powered Fixed-Wing Aircraft? ARP1048 Instrument and Cockpit Illumination for General Aviation Aircraft ARP1088 Aircraft Indicating Systems ARP1161 Crew Station Lighting - Commercial Aircraft ARP1283 Cargo Compartment Lighting for Transport Category Aircraft and Rotorcraft ARP17

21、82 Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Direct View CRT Displays ARP1798 Portable Emergency Lighting Systems for Airline Crew Members ARP1870 Aerospace Systems Electrical Bonding and Grounding for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety ARP4087 Wing Inspection Lights - D

22、esign Criteria ARP4156 Color-Coded Incandescent Flange Base T-1 and T-1 Lamps for Voltage Identification Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 4 of 14ARP4168 Night Vision G

23、oggle (NVG) Compatible Light Sources ARP4169 Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Filters ARP4260 Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Electronic Flat Panel Displays ARP4822 Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) Compatible Illuminated Pushbutton Switches and Indicators ARP493 Knobs, Co

24、ntrol Aircraft, Recommended Design ARP4967 Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS) Integrally Illuminated Information Panels ARP498 Design, Layout, Criteria - Plastic Integrally Lighted Panels (NONCURRENT Sep 2007) ARP503 Emergency Evacuation Illumination ARP5297 Recommended Qualification Tests for Halo

25、gen Miniature Lamps Less Than 35 Watts for Aircraft ApplicationsARP582 Lighting, Integral, For Aircraft Instruments: Criteria for Design of Red Incandescent Lighted Instruments (NONCURRENT Aug 2006) ARP5873 LED Passenger Reading Light Assembly ARP711 Illuminated Signs ARP712 Galley Lighting ARP881 L

26、amps for Aircraft Lighting ARP922 Electroluminescence, Design Criteria and Recommendations for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Crew Station AreasARP924 Specification and Inspection of Glass for Integrally Lighted Aerospace Instruments ARP5414 Aircraft Lightning Zoning ARP5563 Measurement of Aircraft Passen

27、ger Cabin LED Luminaires AS18276 Lighting, Aircraft Interior, Installation of AS25027 Light Assembly, Cockpit, Fixed ARP4103 Flight Deck Lighting for Commercial Transport Aircraft AS4156 Color-Coded Incandescent Flange Base T1 and T-1 Lamps for Voltage Identification (Cancelled Jul 1998, Superseded

28、by ARP4156B) AS4914 Aircraft Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Safety Design Standard AS50571 Lights, Instrument, Individual, General Specification For AS5452 Night Vision Goggles (NVG) Compatible Lighting for Civil Aircraft AS7768 Light, Desk, Aircraft AS7768/1 Light, Desk, Aircraft Copyright SA

29、E International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 5 of 14AS7788 Panels, Information, Integrally Illuminated AS8017 Minimum Performance Standard for Anticollision Light Systems AS8037 Minimum Perfo

30、rmance Standard for Aircraft Position Lights TSB 003 Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) Units 2.2 ANSI Documents Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.orgANSI/NEMA ANSLG C78.377-2008 American National Standard for

31、 Electric LampsSpecifications for the Chromaticity of Solid State Lighting Products ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-96 Photobiological Safety for Lamps - Risk Group Classifications and Labeling 2.3 CIE (Commission Internationale De LEclairage) Publications Available from http:/ or by contacting CIE Central Burea

32、u, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.Supplement No. 2 to CIE Publication No. 15:2004 - Colorimetry CIE 13.3-1995 Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources CIE S 009/E:2002 Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamps Systems CIE 177:2007 Colour Rendering of Whi

33、te LED Light Sources 2.4 FAA Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov.TSO-C30c AIRCRAFT POSITION LIGHTS TSO-C96a ANTICOLLISION LIGHT SYSTEMS AC20-30B AIRCRAFT POSITION LIGHT AND ANTICOLLISION LIGHT

34、INSTALLATIONS AC20-74 Aircraft Position and Anticollision Light Measurements 2.5 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publications Available from IEC, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +44-22-919-02-11, www.iec.ch.IEC 60810-1 Lamps for Road Vehicles Copyri

35、ght SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 6 of 142.6 NIST Publications Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20

36、899-1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov.CQS Davis Abstract Evaluation of color difference formulae for color rendering metrics CQS Davis Ohno Abstract NIST Facility for Color Rendering Simulation CQS Davis Ohno Development of a Color Quality Scale Ohno and Davis Rationale of Color Quality Scale 2.

37、7 RTCA Publications Available from RTCA Inc., 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036, Tel: 202-833-9339, www.rtca.org.RTCA DO-160 Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Electronics/Electrical Equipment and Instruments RTCA DO-178 Software Considerations in Airborne Sys

38、tems And Equipment Certification RTCA DO-254 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware 2.8 U. S. Government Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assi

39、st.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.CFR references are available at the Government Printing Office website: http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/crf/index.html.CFR references are available at the FAA home page at: http:/www.acquisition.gov/far STANDARDSMIL-HDBK-217 Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment MIL-HDB

40、K-310 Global Climatic Data for Developing Military Products. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Code of Federal Regulations Title 14, Part 25 Some applicable sections may include, but are not limited to the following: Code of Federal Regulations Title 14, Part 23, 25, 27, 29 Some applicable sections may include, bu

41、t are not limited to the following: 23.1383 Taxi and landing lights. 2-.1385 Position light system installation.2-.1387 Position light system dihedral angles.2-.1389 Position light distribution and intensities.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reprodu

42、ction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE ARP6253 Page 7 of 142-.1391 Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.2-.1393 Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights.2-.1395 Maximum intensities in overlapping

43、beams of forward and rear position lights.2-.1397 Color specifications. 23.1399 Riding light. 23.1401 Anticollision light system. Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Part 1040, Subpart J CFR 1040.10 Radiological Health, Performance Standards for Light Emitting Products 2.9 Other Publications Avail

44、able from IES, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17 New York, NY 10005. IESNA Lighting HandbookTM-16-05, IESNA Technical Memorandum on Light Emitting Diode (LED) Sources and Systems IES LM-80-08, Approved Method: Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources Journal of the Optical Society of America, Visual

45、 Sensitivities to Color Differences in Daylight, David L. MacAdam, May 1942.Rensselaer Lighting Research Center Passenger Reading Light Study http:/www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/pdf/SAELEDreadinglightstudy4-25-05.pdfRoyal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) “Temperatures of Touchab

46、le Surfaces - a personal burn hazard”http:/ Definitions Color Quality Scale (CQS): A metric under development at NIST to evaluate aspects of the quality of the color of objects illuminated by a light source. The metric involves several facets of color quality, including color rendering, chromatic di

47、scrimination, and observer preferences. Color Rendering Index (CRI): A metric used to evaluate the relative spectral content of a light source compared with a reference source. GENERAL LIGHTING: Diffuse lighting intended to illuminate a room or a space. GLARE: Undesirable light that interferes with the ability to see desired objects. L50%: The operating time in hours in the anticipated environmental and installation conditions that result in 50% of the initial lumens. L70%: The operating