1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1139_201003SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1139 MAR2010 Issued 1977-09 Revised 2010-03 Supersed
5、ing J1139 JUL1999 Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes for Automotive Hand Controls RATIONALEThis revision adds a recommended direction of motion for rotation of stalks mounted on the right side of the steering column, based on data provided by Japan. Unique motion stereotypes for Japan were noted in the
6、 figures. Direction-of-motion conventions were added for door-mounted power door lock controls, which are illustrated in a new Figure 6. Also, one subfigure in Figure 4 was redrawn for improved clarity. 1. SCOPE The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to present design recommendations for th
7、e direction-of-motion of hand controls found in passenger vehicles, multipurpose vehicles, and trucks. These recommendations are based on recent and past human factors research and are important considerations in the design of control layouts. 1.1 Background Drivers develop expectations regarding th
8、e operating motions of various types of controls as a result of their accumulated experience with automotive and nonautomotive controls. To simplify the operation of controls for drivers, the direction-of-motion to operate these controls should conform to these expectations or stereotypes. Failure t
9、o conform to direction-of-motion stereotypes can lead to actuation errors, longer operating times, and an increase in driver workload. A number of past studies have addressed the issue of direction-of-motion stereotypes for various automotive hand controls (1, 2, 3, 4, 8). These results indicate tha
10、t the strength of a stereotype varies with the control configuration (control type, location, orientation, and mounting plane). SAE has recently completed research (6,7) aimed at broadening the scope and generality of the previous findings by addressing other control orientations, including controls
11、 mounted on stalks and on inclined surfaces. Some specific control functions such as power windows and power mirrors were also studied. The SAE study demonstrated that stereotype strength is not related to driver age, gender, or handedness. This document is based on the SAE study, past research, and
12、 general human factors principles (10). This document supersedes Figure 1 of SAE J1139 (9). Control labeling and tactile or shape coding are not addressed in this document; however, previous research (5) has shown that appropriate labeling and coding can improve the accuracy of control use. SAE J113
13、9 Revised MAR2010 Page 2 of 102. REFERENCES 2.1 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes and are not a required part of this document. 1 MCGRATH, J.J. SAE study of vehicle controls location, Report No. 182-11, Anacapa Sciences, Inc., USA, 1974 2 MCGRATH,
14、J.J. Driver expectancy and performance in locating automotive controls, SAE SP-407, Society of Automotive Engineers, USA, 1976 3 BLACK, T.L., WOODSON, W.E., and SELBY P.H. Development of recommendations to improve controls operability,Report No. DOT-HS-6-01445, U.S. Department of Transportation, 197
15、7 4 GREEN, P., KERST, J., OTTENS, D. GOLDSTEIN, S. and ADAMS, S. Driver preferences for secondary controls, Tech. Report UMTRI-87-47 (NTIS No. PB 90 150541/AS), University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 1987 5 JACK, D.D. Rocker switch tactile coding and direction-of-motion stereotype
16、s, Proceedings of 29th Annual Meeting, Human Factors Society, 1985 6 MCFARLANE, J. and WIERWILLE, W.W. Overview of a study on direction-of-motion stereotype strengths for automobile controls, SAE Paper 910115, Society of Automotive Engineers, USA, 1991 7 MCFARLANE, J. and WIERWILLE, W.W. Study of di
17、rection-of-motion stereotypes for automobile controls, ISE Report 90-02, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA, 1990 8 MCGRATH, J.J. Analysis of the expectancies of European drivers and the commonality of automotive control locations in European cars, Report TM 247-1, Anacapa Scie
18、nces, Inc., USA, 1974 9 SAE J1139:1977, Supplemental Information Driver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multi-Purpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10,000 GVW and Under), 4, Society of Automotive Engineers, USA 10 JSAE:1995, Overview of a study on direction-of-motion stereotype strength
19、s for automobile controls,ISO/TC22/SC13/WG3 N167 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Control Configuration A particular combination of control type, location, orientation, and mounting plane. 3.2 Direction-of-Motion Stereotype For a given control configuration, the direction of control motion expected by a majority
20、of people to achieve a given effect. 3.3 Stereotype Strength Percentage of people who activate the control in a particular direction. 3.4 Controls for ON or INCREASE Controls whose function is to turn something on/off or to increase/decrease some unspecified effect. SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 3
21、of 103.5 Controls for Specific Functions Controls used to activate some specific function or achieve a specific effect such as: lock or unlock doors, raise or lower windows, and turn on headlamps, headlamp high beams, or windshield wipers. 4. DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 4.1 Introduction Figures 1 to 6 sh
22、ow the recommended direction of motion and control orientation for controls mounted on each of three orthogonal planes: Horizontal (X-Y plane), Vertical-Transverse (Y-Z plane), and Vertical-Longitudinal (X-Z plane). Some of the figures also include inclined mounting planes. The direction-of-motion s
23、tereotypes are indicated by the solid arrows on each control configuration. Those control configurations which exhibited an exceptionally strong stereotype are identified in each figure. A few control configurations were found to have weak stereotypes. These are shown in the figures with an X drawn
24、through them to indicate that they are not recommended control configurations. 4.2 Controls for ON or INCREASE (Figures 1 and 2) Generally, for the control configurations shown, the direction stereotypes for ON or INCREASE are: up, forward, right, pull toward (push/pull knob or stalk), and rotate ov
25、er the top. Avoid rockers mounted in a fore/aft orientation on a surface sloping down and away from drivers, and toggles mounted in a fore/aft orientation on a vertical-longitudinal (X-Z) plane. See Figure 1 for thumb wheel, toggle, lever and linear-slide controls, rotary and push/pull knobs, and ro
26、cker switches. See Figure 2 and 4.3.5 for stalk-mounted controls. 4.3 Controls for Specific Functions 4.3.1 General A variety of controls have been used for controlling specific functions in motor vehicles. Some controls in common use for specific functions are discussed here. Other controls may als
27、o be appropriate for these functions. It is not the intent of this document to restrict the type of control which may be used for a specific function. Recommendations for controls which regulate a component movement (e.g., power mirror control) are given in Figures 3 to 5. Stalks which control turn
28、signal, headlamp, and wiper functions are discussed in 4.3.5. As a general rule, stereotypes are strongest when the orientation and motion of the control correspond to the orientation and motion of the controlled element. For example, a strong stereotype exists for a toggle control mounted in the X-
29、Z plane that, when toggled fore/aft in X, controls the fore/aft motion of a seat; the same control if toggled up/down in Z could control the up/down motion of the seat.SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 4 of 104.3.2 Power Mirror Controls (Figure 3) Direction labels on the 4-way pad control and arrows on
30、 the joystick control indicate stereotypes for moving the mirror field of view up, down, left, or right. These labels are used for illustration purposes only and are not part of this document.Stereotypes are very strong for mounting planes angled 30 degrees or more out from the door plane so the swi
31、tch faces the driver. Mirror switches mounted in a vertical-transverse plane also have very strong stereotypes. It is likely that mounting planes inclined as much as 45 to 60 degrees from vertical-transverse toward horizontal would also produce very strong stereotypes, but these mounting planes were
32、 not included in the SAE study. The 4-way pad switch should not be mounted in the door plane (vertical-longitudinal). Avoid mounting power mirror switches on surfaces that slope down and away from drivers. 4.3.3 Power Window Controls (Figure 4) In Figure 4, the solid arrows indicate the control and
33、the direction to lower the left front window. Toggle or rocker controlswhich are mounted on surfaces that are horizontal or angled up from horizontal (0 to 60 degrees) and with a 2x2 fore-aft switch configuration, have a very strong stereotype for both window selection (left, right, front, rear) and
34、 direction of operation. A 2x2 switch configuration mounted on a vertical plane parallel with the door panel and all 1x4 switch configurations are not recommended, because the switch layout does not correspond to the window layout (in plan view). Avoid mounting power window switches on surfaces that
35、 slope down and away from drivers. 4.3.4 Window Regulators (Cranks) (Figure 5) Window cranks on both the left and right side should be oriented so that the handle points forward and is about 45 degrees above horizontal when the window is fully raised. Angles from 15 to 75 degrees above horizontal ar
36、e acceptable. It is also desirable that the handle points forward when the window is fully lowered, however other concerns such as rotational effort and travel must be considered.To lower a left-side window, the crank on the left-side door should be rotated clockwise. To lower a right-side window, t
37、he crank on the right-side door should be rotated counterclockwise. 4.3.5 Stalk-Mounted Controls (Figure 2) 4.3.5.1 Turn Signal Raising or lowering the left stalk on left-hand drive vehicles is the expected motion for signaling a right or left turn respectively. 4.3.5.2 Wipers Rotating the left stal
38、k over the top is the direction stereotype for turning on windshield wipers. The expected motion to turn on windshield wipers mounted on the right stalk is either raising the stalk or rotating it over the top.4.3.5.3 Headlamps Rotating the left or right stalk over the top is the direction stereotype
39、 for turning on the headlamps. Pulling the left or rightstalk is the expected motion for turning the headlamp high beam on. 4.3.6 Power Door Locks (Figure 6) No stereotype has been found for commonly used configurations of rocker switches. However, the conventions shown in Figure 6 are widely used b
40、y vehicle manufacturers (per 2010 North American International Auto Show benchmarking), and should be followed. Because there is no stereotype, labels should be used to identify the lock and unlock settings of rocker or toggle switches that control power door locks. Tactile coding should be consider
41、ed (5). SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 5 of 10 Solid arrows indicate direction of motion for ON or INCREASE. The dashed reference line pointing to the front is parallel to the vehicle x-axis. Crossed-out configurations are not recommended. c Indicates a very strong stereotype. d Indicates a very str
42、ong stereotype when mounted to the right of the steering wheel in a left-hand drive vehicle. e No stereotype in Japan; not recommended in Japan. f Moderately strong stereotype on right side in Japan. g No stereotype on left in Japan. h Strong stereotype on right in Japan. i No stereotype on right in
43、 Japan. FIGURE 1 - CONTROLS FOR ON OR INCREASE SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 6 of 10RAISE: In Japan, there is a very weak stereotype in favor of lowering, not raising. PULL: In Japan, pull is a very weak stereotype. FIGURE 2 - STALK CONTROLS: SOLID ARROWS INDICATE DIRECTION OF MOTION FOR ON OR INCR
44、EASE SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 7 of 10 For 4-way pad controls, the letters (R, L, UP, or DOWN) indicate the area of the control to be activated to move the field of view to the right, left, up, or down. For joysticks, solid arrows indicate the direction-of-control motion for the corresponding f
45、ield of view motion. The dashed reference line pointing to the front is parallel to the vehicle x-axis. Crossed-out configurations are not recommended. c Indicates a very strong stereotype. The 4-way pad mounted in an X-Y plane is a very strong stereotype to the right of the driver in a right-hand d
46、rive vehicle.FIGURE 3 - POWER MIRROR CONTROLS SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 8 of 10 Solid arrows indicate the direction of motion to LOWER the LEFT FRONT window. The dashed reference line pointing to the front is parallel to the vehicle x-axis. Crossed-out configurations are not recommended. c Indi
47、cates a very strong stereotype in US; moderate stereotype in Japan. d Indicates a very strong stereotype when angled up by as much as 60.FIGURE 4 - POWER WINDOW CONTROLS SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 9 of 10FIGURE 5 - WINDOW REGULATOR (CRANK) Solid arrows indicate the direction of motion to LOCK th
48、e door. The dashed reference line pointing to the front is parallel to the vehicle x-axis. The lock and unlock control settings should be labeled. Applies only to the left-side door. There is no convention for a rocker control orientated cross vehicle (left/right) on a right-side door horizontal pla
49、ne (e.g. armrest). FIGURE 6 - POWER DOOR LOCK CONVENTIONS SAE J1139 Revised MAR2010 Page 10 of 105. NOTES 5.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title ind
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