SAE J 1287-2017 Measurement of Exhaust Sound Pressure Levels of Stationary Motorcycles.pdf

1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J1287_201704 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J1287 APR2017 Issued 1980-06 Revised 2017-04 Superseding

5、J1287 MAY2008 Measurement of Exhaust Sound Pressure Levels of Stationary Motorcycles RATIONALE This document was revised to allow the use of sound level meters and calibrators conforming to earlier specified ANSI standards. Minor changes were also made to the scope to reflect the recent development

6、of SAE J2825 for roadside enforcement of sound pressure levels for on-highway motorcycles. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard establishes the test procedure, environment, and instrumentation for determining the exhaust sound pressure levels of motorcycles under stationary conditions. Since initial publicati

7、on, it has been successfully applied to regulation and monitoring of sound pressure levels of off-highway vehicles, and that remains its recommended application. Users of SAE J1287 for the purpose of roadside enforcement of sound pressure levels for on-highway motorcycles have reported difficulties

8、with its implementation in that application. In response, SAE J2825 was developed, and is recommended for measurement of exhaust sound pressure levels of stationary on-highway motorcycles. Care must be taken not to confuse stationary sound pressure levels with total motorcycle sound pressure levels.

9、 This test does not evaluate total motorcycle sound during operation. For this purpose, SAE J331 or SAE J47 is recommended. Any allowable sound limits (dBA) set in relation to SAE J1287 for exhaust sound pressure level should not conflict with the allowable sound limits (dBA) for total sound pressur

10、e level per the EPA requirements specified in the US Code of Federal Regulations, 40 Part 205. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall ap

11、ply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J47 Maximum Sound Level Potential for Motorcycles SAE J184 Qualifying a Sound Data Acquisition

12、 System SAE INTERNATIONAL J1287 APR2017 Page 2 of 7 SAE J213 Motorcycle Classifications SAE J331 Sound Levels for Motorcycles SAE J1349 Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression IgnitionNet Power Rating SAE J2825 Measurement of Exhaust Sound Pressure Levels of Stationary On-Highway Mot

13、orcycles 2.1.2 ANSI Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org/ ANSI/ASA S1.4 PART 1 / IEC 61672:1 American National Standard Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Part 1: Specifications (a nationally adopted international standard) ANSI/ASA S1.40 Americ

14、an National Standard Specifications and Verification Procedures for Sound Calibrators 2.1.3 Code of Federal Regulations Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov. Title 40, Part 205 Transportation E

15、quipment Noise Emission Controls 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 FIELD CALIBRATION Calibration of the sound level meter using an external sound level calibrator, an internal calibration means, or any other method which will ensure the required accuracy of sound level meter readings. 3.2 LONGITUDINAL PLANE OF SYM

16、METRY As defined in SAE J213. 3.3 RATED ENGINE SPEED The engine speed in revolutions per minute at which the engine delivers its maximum Net Brake Power as defined in SAE J1349, as determined by the manufacturer. 4. INSTRUMENTATION The following instrumentation shall be used: 4.1 A sound level meter

17、 meeting the Type 1, Type S1A, Type 2, or Type S2A requirements of ANSI/ASA S1.4 -2014 / PART 1 / IEC 61672:1 or ANSI S1.4-1983 (R2006) or ANSI S1.4 1983. 4.1.1 As an alternative to making direct measurements using a sound level meter, a microphone or sound level meter may be used with a recorder or

18、 other indicating instrument, provided the system meets the requirements of SAE J184. 4.2 A sound level calibrator with an accuracy of 0.5 dB conforming to ANSI/ASA S1.40-2006 (R2011) or ANSI S1.40-1984 (R 1997) (see 7.8) or ANSI S1.40-1984 R1997 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1287 APR2017 Page 3 of 7 4.3 A win

19、dscreen which does not affect microphone response more than 1 dB for frequencies of 63 to 4000 Hz and 1.5 dB for frequencies of 4000 to 10000 Hz. 4.4 An engine speed tachometer or other means of determining engine speed, with a steady-state accuracy of 3% at the test speed. 4.5 An anemometer with st

20、eady-state accuracy of 10% at 9 m/s (20 mph). 5. TEST SITE 5.1 The test site shall be a flat, open surface free of large sound-reflecting surfaces (other than the ground) such as parked vehicles, signboards, buildings, or hillsides located within 5 m (16 feet) of the motorcycle being tested and the

21、location of the microphone. 5.2 The surface of the ground within the area described in 5.1 shall be paving or hard-packed earth, level within an average slope of 40 mm/m (0.5 in/ft), and shall be free of loose or powdered snow, plowed soil, grass of a height greater than 150 mm (6 inches), trees, or

22、 other extraneous material. 6. PROCEDURE 6.1 A rider shall sit astride the motorcycle in normal riding position with both feet on the ground. If this is not possible because of the seat height of the motorcycle, and for three-wheeled motorcycles, the rider shall sit in the normal riding position wit

23、h one or both feet on the footrests. If necessary, an assistant may hold the motorcycle by the forks, front wheel, or handlebars so that it is stationary with its longitudinal plane of symmetry vertical. In the alternative, the rider may use a box, rock, or other object to rest his feet upon to stea

24、dy the motorcycle, as long as the motorcycle longitudinal plane of symmetry is vertical and stationary. 6.1.1 The rider shall run the engine with the gearbox in neutral at an rpm equal to one-half of the rated engine speed (200 rpm) for 1 to 2 seconds. 6.1.2 If no neutral is provided, the motorcycle

25、 shall be operated either with the rear wheel(s) at least 50 mm (2 inches) clear of the ground or with the drive chain or belt removed, or with the clutch, if the motorcycle is so equipped, disengaged. 6.2 The engine of the motorcycle under test shall be at normal operating temperature during the te

26、st. 7. MEASUREMENTS 7.1 The sound level meter shall be set for the A-weighting network and for slow dynamic response (see Appendix A, Section A.1). 7.2 Tests shall be made on each side of the motorcycle having an exhaust outlet. 7.3 The microphone shall be located behind, 0.5 m 0.01 m (20 inches 1/2

27、 inch) from, and within 0.01 m (1/2 inch) of the same height as the exhaust outlet and at a 45 10 angle to the normal line of travel of the motorcycle. If there is more than one exhaust outlet per side, the microphone shall be located with reference to the rearmost outlet. The longitudinal axis of t

28、he microphone shall be in a plane parallel to the ground plane. The axis of the microphone shall be oriented as specified by the instrument manufacturer (see Figure 1). 7.4 No wire or other rigid means of distance measurement shall be attached to the sound measuring system. 7.5 The ambient sound pre

29、ssure level (including wind effects) at the test site due to sources other than the motorcycle being measured shall be at least 10 dB lower than the sound pressure level produced by the motorcycle under test. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1287 APR2017 Page 4 of 7 7.6 Wind speed at the test site during the test

30、 shall be less than 9 m/s (20 mph). 7.7 While making sound pressure level measurements, not more than one person other than the rider, the measurer, and the assistant (if necessary) (see 6.1) shall be within 3 m (10 feet) of the motorcycle under test or the microphone, and that person shall be direc

31、tly behind the measurer on a line through the microphone and the measurer. 7.8 Field calibration of the sound level meter using the sound level calibrator (see 4.2) shall be made immediately before the first test of each test day and should be made at the end of each test day, and at intervals of no

32、 more than 1 hour. 7.9 The following data shall be recorded for each test: 7.9.1 The Sound Pressure Level The sound pressure level recorded shall be the maximum measured on the loudest side of the motorcycle (if outlet located on both sides see 7.2) during the test cycle determined in 6.1.1 or 6.1.2

33、 as appropriate. 7.9.2 The test speed, in rpm, corresponding to the sound pressure level measurement of 7.9.1. 7.9.3 Wind speed at the test site during the measurement. Figure 1 - Sound meter location and orientation 7.9.4 Ambient sound pressure level at the test site during the measurement. 7.9.5 T

34、he measurement method used, i.e., that of 6.1.1 or 6.1.2. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1287 APR2017 Page 5 of 7 8. GENERAL COMMENTS 8.1 It is essential that persons conducting the test be knowledgeable of the test procedure and use of the instrumentation. 8.2 Proper use of all test instruments is essential to

35、 obtain valid measurements. Operating manuals or other literature furnished by the instrument manufacturer should be referred to, for both recommended operation of the instrument and precautions to be observed. 8.3 Specific Items for Consideration 8.3.1 The type of microphone, its directional respon

36、se characteristics, and its orientation relative to the source of sound. 8.3.2 The effects of ambient weather conditions on the performance of all instruments (for instance, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure). 8.3.3 Proper acoustical calibration procedure to include the influence of ext

37、ension cables, etc. 8.4 Although either Type 1 or Type 2 sound level meters may be used with this procedure, it is suggested that a Type 1 instrument be considered as it generally has lesser overall tolerance, which can result in more accurate measurements. 8.5 The use of the word “shall“ in the pro

38、cedure is to be understood as obligatory. The use of the word “should“ is to be understood as advisory. The use of the word “may“ is to be understood as permissive. 9. NOTES 9.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where

39、technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents

40、 that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE MOTORCYCLE TECHNICAL STEERING COMMITTEE SAE INTERNATIONAL J1287 APR2017 Page 6 of 7 APPENDIX A This Appendix adds supplementary engineering reference data and educational material and is not an integral part of the basic technical report. Thi

41、s procedure has been put to a variety of uses, including exhaust system certification, enforcement of in-use motorcycle standards for both on and off-road motorcycles, enforcement of sound limits at race venues and competitive events, and evaluating the sound pressure level of ATVs. It is beyond the

42、 scope of the standard to suggest limit sound pressure levels, or alternative engine test speeds, for various types of vehicles. If tests are made using variations of test parameters specified in this standard, a description of any variations from this standard shall be reported along with test resu

43、lts obtained. Such results shall not be reported as having been obtained according to the standard conditions of this document, and shall not state “tested according to SAE J1287”. A.1 INSTRUMENT SELECTION Type 1 instrumentation, which generally can provide the most accurate and repeatable measureme

44、nts, should be used when the need for accuracy is great, such as certification of exhaust systems, or enforcement action which may result in some form of penalty. Type 2 instrumentation is appropriate for some enforcement work, such as a preliminary screening test, or for general data gathering. On

45、the other hand, instrumentation which is less precise than Type 1 or Type 2 may be appropriate in cases such as at a racetrack or motorcycle park, when the primary interest is securing some sound reduction from the motorcycles operated within, and not measuring for the purpose of meeting specific ma

46、ximum sound limits. Selection of equipment should reflect the need for accuracy (particularly considering any consequences) balanced against cost. Caution should be exercised, however, when selecting equipment which does not conform to ANSI standards. Experience with consumer electronic types of sou

47、nd level meters indicates most such meters do not possess operating characteristics of sufficient accuracy or consistency to yield meaningful results. Meters which meet obsolete ANSI S1.4 Type 3 specifications, however, are sufficiently accurate for less demanding applications such as racetrack enfo

48、rcement. For the procedure specified in 6.1.1 slow dynamic response is specified, but fast dynamic response may be used. If slow response is not available for the meter used, a 1/2 second Leq is an acceptable alternative to slow response. Use of fast response with a digital meter may cause reading d

49、ifficulty and associated degradation of measurement accuracy and repeatability, unless a means is available to hold a particular reading, e.g., maximum level, level at a specified rpm, etc. A.2 PROCEDURE When making comparison measurements where a single variable is to be evaluated, such as comparing the sound pressure level of two different exhaust systems on the same vehicle, selection of the correct engine speed