SAE J 1301-1994 Truck Deformation Classification《卡车变形分类》.pdf

1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2003 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-

4、776-0790Email: custsvcsae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1301REAF.AUG2003Issued 1994-08Reaffirmed 2003-08Superseding J1301 AUG1994Truck Deformation ClassificationForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Bo

5、ardformat.1. ScopeThe scope and purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a classification system fordeformation sustained by trucks involved in collisions on the highway. Application of the document is limited tomedium trucks, heavy trucks, and articulated combinations.1The TDC classif

6、ies collision contact deformation, as opposed to induced deformation, so that the deformationis segregated into rather narrow limits or categories. Studies of collision deformation can then be performedon one or many data banks with assurance that data under study are of essentially the same type.2M

7、any of the features of the SAE J224 MAR80 have been retained in this document, although the characterswithin specific columns vary. Each document must therefore be applied to the appropriate vehicle type. It isalso important to note that the Truck Deformation Classification (TDC) does not identify s

8、pecific vehicleconfigurations and body types.The TDC is an expression, useful to persons engaged in vehicle safety, to appropriately describe a collision-damaged truck with conciseness in oral and written communications. The TDC is also a research tool;however, it has not been designed for use in im

9、pact energy computation. The research community iscautioned not to attempt direct conversion calculations from the TDC to energy equivalents required toduplicate the damage.The system consists of seven alphanumeric characters arranged in a specific order to form a descriptivecomposite of the vehicle

10、 damage (see Figure 1). The characters describe the principal force direction,location, specific area, type, and extent of damage.The individual character positions are referenced by column number for identification. The definition of eachclassification is provided in subsequent sections.1. For cars

11、 and light trucks utilize “Collision Deformation Classification,“ SAE J224.2. K. A. Stonex, W. D. Nelson, et al, “Collision Damage Severity Scale,“ Paper 700136 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress, Detroit, January, 1970.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAE

12、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-2-FIGURE 1CLASSIFICATION CHARACTER CODES2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. The latest issue o

13、f SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J224Collision Deformation ClassificationSAE Paper 700136Collision Damage Severity Scale2.2 Related PublicationThe following publication is for information purposes only and

14、is not a required part ofthis document.2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE Paper 810215Collision Deformation Classification for Trucks3. Classification of Collision Damage3.1 General GuidelinesA TDC is assigned to each impact sustained by th

15、e vehicle. Since many configurationsare found in over-the-road vehicles, the guidelines which follow define the number of classifications to beassigned for a single continuous impact involving both the power unit and/or trailer(s).As a general rule, articulated combinations should be treated as a si

16、ngle vehicle, utilizing one TDC, rather thanassigning separate classifications to the power unit and trailer(s). Rollover events are classified with one TDCeven though separation of one or more of the units occurs during the rollover.Individual classifications may be assigned to each unit of multipl

17、e-unit vehicles involved in single continuousimpacts. Contact damage on one or more of the units must be from the same impact as follows:a. Intra-unit damage, such as that generated by a jackknife or fifth wheel failure.b. Multiple unit articulated combinations with damage extending beyond the first

18、 trailer or cargo area.c. Cases where the trailer separates from the tractor prior to collision/rollover.Damage to exposed cargo being transported by a heavy truck resulting from a collision with another vehicle orobject, without direct contact to the heavy truck or trailer, shall be classified 9999

19、99X, even though the impactresulted in induced damage to the truck or trailer, or injury to an occupant.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-3-3.2 Unknown Classi

20、ficationsIf the damage pattern resulting from a specific impact is not defined, the TDC“9999999“ is assigned as an unknown classification. Whenever a portion of the classification is unknown, theentire classification is considered unknown, and “9999999“ is used.The vehicle must have been inspected a

21、nd/or photographed to be classified. Estimations of classificationsfrom police reports, third-party descriptions, etc., are not permissible due to the possible inaccuraciesassociated with the estimates.4. Reference SystemTruck collision damage is classified in a three-dimensional system. Column 3, l

22、ocation ofdeformation, defines an orthogonal set of axes for columns 4, 5, and 7 (as summarized in Figure 2). Columns1, 2, and 6 provide additional description. The concepts of left, right, forward, back, etc., are always referencedfrom the drivers position, irrespective of the direction from which

23、the vehicle is viewed.FIGURE 2REFERENCE SYSTEM4.1 Columns 1 and 2: Direction of Principal ForceThe available codes in columns 1 and 2 are 00, 13, and thehour sectors from 01 to 12 (see Figure 3). Each hour sector contains 30 degrees of the 360 degree clock face.A specific hour designation contains a

24、ll resultant force directions of origin which are within 15 degrees to theleft or right of the indicated hour value, as shown in Figure 3.FIGURE 3DIRECTION OF PRINCIPAL FORCE (COLUMNS 1 AND 2)The entry “00“ indicates the impact is not horizontal. This classification should be used whenever the resul

25、tantforce direction is more than 15 degrees above or below the horizontal plane of the vehicle.A “13“ classification indicates the contact damage generated by an event was intra-unit, such as a jackknife orfifth wheel failure. This entry signifies more than one unit has been damaged. Each of those c

26、lassifications willbe coded with a “13.“ The “13“ is not used for load shifts and similar phenomena.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-4-4.2 Column 3: Location

27、 of DeformationThis character identifies the projected plane of the vehicle whichcontains the deformation. Valid codes are illustrated in Figure 4 and shown in Table 1.FIGURE 4LOCATION OF DEFORMATION (COLUMN 3)Characters F, R, L, B, D, C, and V are used to define damage to vertical surfaces of the v

28、ehicle. Thesesurfaces are often irregularly shaped. Therefore, specific characters are appropriate for classifying certaindamage patterns.Override impacts where a portion of the truck structure intrudes over the basic structure of the other object orvehicle require the appropriate end or side classi

29、fication for column 3, and a specific override character incolumn 6.TABLE 1LOCATION OF DEFORMATION (COLUMN 3)Location ClassificationFront FRight Side RLeft Side LBack of Unit with CargoArea (rear of trailer orstraight truck)BBack (rear of tractor) DRear of Cab CFront of Cargo Area VTop TUndercarriag

30、e UCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-5-The F projected area for horizontal force applications includes the windshield and items which are an integralpart of t

31、he top surface of the cab.Tubular shaped cargo areas, such as tankers, project in both longitudinal-vertical (L or R) and horizontal planes(T). However, for purposes of uniform classification, these areas are considered to be in the longitudinal-vertical plane and damage on these surfaces is classif

32、ied with L or R.The D character is used for the rear area of tractors with or without trailers. The B character is used for the reararea of units with cargo areas (rear of trailer or straight truck). Neither of these characters are used if thedamage is limited to the rear of the cab area.Characters

33、C and V are used to designate damage to the rear of the cab and the front of the cargo area ortrailer, respectively. These areas may include intra-unit damage.The T character is defined as the top plane of the vehicle. This classification would be used whenever the topplane is involved and the resul

34、tant principal force direction is nonhorizontal.The U character is defined as the bottom plane of the vehicle (undercarriage), including all projections, butexcluding the tires and wheels. This classification is used whenever the appropriate area is involved and theresultant principal force directio

35、n is nonhorizontal.Impacts involving only the tires or wheels are classified F, R, L, B, or D in column 3 as determined by theprojected area of initial contact.Angular horizontal impacts (45 degrees), initially involving the corner, should be classified F, R, L, B, D, C, or Vin accordance with the f

36、ollowing guidelines (listed in a descending order of priority):a. If the projected area of initial contact can be determined, use the appropriate character.b. If the projected area of initial contact cannot be determined, use the principal force direction todetermine the appropriate character. If th

37、e horizontal force direction is less than 45 degrees from the12 oclock or 6 oclock directions, use F, B, D, C, or V. If the horizontal force direction is greater than 45degrees, use R or L.c. If the force direction cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy, use the projected area of greatestdire

38、ct contact to determine the appropriate character. If the length of contact across the front or rear ofthe unit exceeds the length of contact along the side, use F, B, D, C, or V, respectively. Use R or L if thelength of contact along the side is greater.In rollover configurations, one TDC is assign

39、ed for rollover damage regardless of the number of revolutions orsurfaces damaged during the rollover. The recommendations for the selection of the appropriate character forcolumn 3 are as follows:a. The first consideration is the selection of the surface or projected area with the greatest crush ra

40、therthan the initial contact.b. If equal crush or equivalent damage exist on two or more surfaces, the selection will be made on thebasis of the following recommendations (listed in the order of descending priority).1. The surface which involves damage to the cab or occupant perimeter generally deno

41、ted by P incolumn 4.2. The damaged surface of initial contact.3. The angle of force in a vertical plane producing the damage at the corner to the surfaces. Forexample, select T if the force direction is downward and within 45 degrees from the vertical axis.Select U if the force direction is upward a

42、nd within 45 degrees from the vertical axis. Othernonhorizontal angles of forces between the limits described in this paragraph require the selection ofL or R for side rollovers or F or B in cases of unusual end-over-end rollovers.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot

43、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-6-4. The projected area of largest contact. If the deformation area on the left or right side exceeds thedeformation area on the top, use L or R, respectively. Use T if the deformation area is

44、larger on thetop.4.3 Column 4: Specific Longitudinal or Lateral AreaThe codes refer to either the longitudinal or lateral areasof the vehicle as listed in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 5.The plan view of the vehicle, provided in Figure 5, illustrates the horizontal areas listed in Table 2 to be

45、used inclassifying deformation location. The letters illustrated at the end of the vehicles in Figure 5 are used for anyend area for all appropriate vehicle types.The letter characters shown at the sides of the vehicles are used for either side, or if T or U are used incolumn 3.TABLE 2SPECIFIC LONGI

46、TUDINAL OR LATERAL AREA (COLUMN 4)Areas of Vehicle CodesEnd (Front or Rear)Left LCenter CRight RSide (Left or Right, Top or Bottom)Front (forward of windshield) FCab PRear of cab in front of semitrailer WTractor (P+W) KTractor (F+P+W) SRear of cab to rear of trailer or cargo area BTrailer TSide or E

47、ndF+P or L+C YB+P or R+C ZDistributed (F+P+B or L+C+R) DCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1301 Reaffirmed AUG2003-7-FIGURE 5SPECIFIC LONGITUDINAL OR LATERAL AREA (COLUMN 4)4.3.1 END

48、CHARACTERS(used with F, B, D, C, or V in column 3)L, C, and Requal thirds of lateral width of vehicle.Yleft portion of vehicle (comprising all or part of both C and L).Zright portion of vehicle (comprising all or part of both C and R).Ddistributed lateral damage patterns involving C and all or part

49、of both R and L.4.3.2 SIDE CHARACTERS(used with R, L, T, or U in column 3)Fdamage area forward of the base of the windshield. F is not used for cab-over-engine configurations.Poccupant compartment involvement and may include a sleeper berth.Wdamage in the area extending from rear of cab to front of semitrailer.Kdamage in the area extending from base of windshield to rear of tractor chassis (comprising all or partof both P and W).Sdistributed dam