1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001INFORMATIONREPORTAn American National StandardJ1692ISSUEDAUG93Issued 199
4、3-08-30VALVE SEAT INSERT INFORMATION REPORTForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical standards Board format.Valve seat inserts are installed in internal combustion engine heads or blocks to provide a seating surface forpoppet valves. Inserts are usually me
5、tallic rings; however, other geometries are also employed. Other materialssuch as ceramics and ceramic-coated metals have been used on an experimental basis and copper berylliuminserts are used in some racing applications.Inserts are used for two fundamental reasons. First, and most important, inser
6、t alloys are more wear and heatresistant than the block or head material, making them better suited for the harsh environment encountered duringvalve seating. Engine durability can thus be improved. Second, the use of inserts permits easier field repair orrebuild of engines.The most common installat
7、ion practice is to retain the insert through an interference fit between it and the matingcounterbore. In addition to retaining the insert, the fit promotes efficient heat transfer from the insert to the matingmaterial. In special applications, the valve seat insert is held in place by mechanical me
8、ans such as threads orretaining rings. Inserts may also be cast in place.1. ScopeThis SAE Information Report provides engineers and designers with:a. Types of valve seat inserts and their nomenclatureb. Valve seat insert alloy designations and their chemistriesc. Valve seat insert alloy metallurgyd.
9、 Typical mechanical and physical properties of insert alloyse. Recommended interference fitsf. Installation proceduresg. Application considerations2. ReferencesThere are no referenced publications specified herein.3. Types of Valve Seat Inserts3.1 Standard Valve Seat InsertFigures 1 and 2 show the m
10、ost common type of insert and counterbore in usetoday along with their nomenclature. This valve seat insert is a cylindrical, ring-shaped component which isusually pressed into a head or block counterbore.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J16
11、92 Issued AUG93-2-FIGURE 1STANDARD VALVE SEAT INSERTCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG93-3-FIGURE 2STANDARD INSERT COUNTERBORE3.2 Skirted InsertThe flexible or skirted insert shown in Figure 3 is used in some air-cooled engine
12、 applications.The clearance between the flange diameter and the cylinder head allows slight movement of the cylinder headto occur without distorting the seating surface. Insert retention is accomplished by an interference fit betweenthe skirt diameter and the head. This puts the insert head interfac
13、e farther away from the port in a relativelycooler area, thus aiding retention. Insert retention is also aided by a nominal 1/4 degree reverse taper on theskirt outside diameter.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG93-4-4. Valve
14、Seat Insert Alloy DesignationsTable 1 describes the valve seat insert chemical compositions. Table2 enumerates the valve seat insert materials, manufacturers, and usage. All tabularized data is submitted bythe manufacturers as typical.5. Valve Seat Insert Alloy Metallurgy5.1 GeneralValve seat insert
15、s are manufactured using cast, wrought, or sintered powder metallurgy processes.Wear resistance is generally related to the volume fraction of hard phases such as martensite, carbides,nitrides, and oxides. The major alloy categories in each of these three groups follows along with a briefmetallurgic
16、al description of each category.Table 3 lists the typical microstructural constituents of the valve seat materials identified in the document.6. Cast Alloys6.1 Grey Cast IronLow alloy grey iron is used for light- to moderate-duty intake applications and light-dutyexhaust applications. It is sometime
17、s used in the as-cast condition, but may also be heat treated for improvedstrength and hardness. Grey iron offers low alloy cost and good machinability. For certain applications, it isalso less abrasive to the mating valve.6.2 Ductile Cast IronDuctile iron finds limited use in high performance appli
18、cations seating against titaniumvalves. It is usually supplied in the hardened and tempered condition.6.3 White Cast IronWhite iron is employed primarily in heavy-duty intake applications for wear resistance.White irons used for inserts normally have significant additions of carbide formers such as
19、chromium, tungsten,vanadium, or molybdenum. They are also normally heat treated so that the final microstructure consists ofalloy carbides in a martensitic matrix.6.4 Austenitic Cast Iron AlloysUNS1 (Ni-resistTM) is a typical example of these alloys and is used in somealuminum head applications. It
20、is a highly alloyed austenitic iron which possesses a high coefficient of thermalexpansion.6.5 Cast Martensitic AlloysMartensitic alloys find application in moderate- to heavy-duty intake inserts andmoderate-duty exhaust inserts. They have a temperature capability of approximately 430 to 600 C (800
21、to1100 F). These alloys are based on tool steel or martensitic stainless steel compositions and are supplied inthe hardened and tempered condition. Their microstructures typically consist of alloy carbides in a martensiticmatrix. Alloys possessing in excess of 12% chromium generally exhibit excellen
22、t hot corrosion resistance.1. No UNS number assigned.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG93-5-FIGURE 3FLEXIBLE OR SKIRTED VALVE SEAT INSERTCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesS
23、AE J1692 Issued AUG93-6-TABLE 1(1) VALVE SEAT INSERT MATERIAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS (MINIMUM/MAXIMUM - WEIGHT %)TradeName C Si Mn P S Co Cr Mo Ni V W Fe OthersALLOY 1H 3.50/3.90 2.20/3.10 0.40/0.80 0.30/0.80 0.00/0.10 0.10/0.20 1.00/1.20 0.20/0.50 BAL Cu 0.10/0.25Combined C 0.45/0.75ALLOY 7 2.50/3.0
24、0 1.50/2.50 0.50/0.80 0.00/0.20 0.00/0.10 2.75/3.25 4.00/5.00 BALALLOY 11 1.25/1.75 1.90/2.60 0.20/0.60 0.00/0.15 0.00/0.10 19.00/21.00 1.00/1.60 BALALLOY 13 1.35/1.75 1.90/2.60 0.20/0.60 0.00/0.03 0.00/0.03 19.00/21.00 1.00/1.60 BALALLOY 79 1.30/1.50 0.00/1.00 0.00/0.75 9.00/11.00 25.00/28.00 9.00/
25、11.00 BAL 9.00/11.00 10.50/14.00ALLOY 81 2.00/2.75 0.00/1.00 27.00/31.00 46.00/52.00 14.00/16.00 0.00/3.00ALLOY 5892.90/3.40 0.50/1.50 0.00/0.50 15.50/18.50 14.50/17.50 1.65/2.10 BALEH-2 0.70/1.10 2.00/4.00 0.20/0.40 0.20/0.40 BALEH-8 0.60/1.10 0.10/0.30 5.00/10.00 1.00/2.00 1.50/4.00 0.50/1.00 0.10
26、/0.20 BALEH-9 0.60/1.10 1.00/4.00 2.50/8.00 0.50/3.00 BAL Cu 0.50/2.00EH-10 0.60/1.10 0.10/0.50 10.00/15.00 2.00/4.00 4.00/7.00 0.50/2.00 0.10/0.20 BALEH-11 0.40/0.80 0.10/0.50 10.00/15.00 0.50/2.00 3.00/7.00 0.50/1.00 BAL Pb 13.00/23.00EMS 541 0.70/1.10 3.00/4.70 0.00/0.05 0.10/0.25 8.00/10.75 0.75
27、/1.50 BAL Cu 1.50/2.50Mg 0.13/0.30EMS 542 0.55/0.90 0.20/0.45 0.00/0.05 0.00/0.05 0.65/0.85 0.35/0.55 BAL Cu 1.50/2.50Mg 0.13/0.30EMS 544 0.70/1.10 3.00/5.00 0.04/0.15 8.00/10.75 0.30/0.45 0.75/1.80 BAL Cu 1.50/2.50Mg 0.13/0.30EMS 554 1.60/2.00 1.00/2.70 0.00/0.05 0.03/0.06 4.00/6.50 0.30/0.45 1.60/
28、2.40 BAL Cu 2.50/4.00Mg 0.13/0.30GM 76135 1.20/1.50 0.30/0.60 0.30/0.60 0.00/0.20 0.00/0.10 3.50/4.25 6.00/7.00 0.00/1.00 5.00/6.00 BAL Cu 0.00/0.25J3 2.20/2.70 0.00/1.50 0.00/1.00 BAL 29.00/33.00 0.00/3.00 11.00/14.00 0.00/3.00J6 0.90/1.40 0.00/1.50 0.00/1.00 BAL 27.00/31.00 0.00/3.00 3.50/5.50 0.0
29、0/3.00J10 0.00/0.08 2.20/2.60 BAL 7.50/8.50 26.50/29.00 0.00/3.00 (with Ni)J70 2.20/2.80 0.00/1.25 15.00/18.50 26.50/31.50 1.75/2.75 BAL 1.75/2.75 0.00/1.50 0.00/9.00J96 2.00/2.75 0.00/1.50 27.00/31.00 BAL 14.00/16.00 0.00/8.00J100 2.00/2.75 0.00/1.00 9.00/11.00 27.00/31.00 BAL 14.00/16.00 0.00/8.00
30、J101 H 0.00/3.00 1.00/3.00 1.00/2.00 1.75/3.00 13.50/17.50 BAL Cu 4.50/7.50J120 1.20/1.50 0.30/0.60 0.30/0.60 0.00/0.20 0.00/0.10 3.50/4.25 6.00/7.00 0.00/1.00 5.00/6.00 BALJ122 2.50/3.00 1.50/2.50 0.50/0.80 2.75/3.25 4.00/5.00 BALJ125 1.25/1.75 1.90/2.60 0.20/0.60 0.00/0.15 0.00/0.10 19.00/21.00 1.
31、00/1.75 BALPL 7N 3.10/3.50 1.80/2.40 0.40/0.80 0.40/0.60 0.00/0.08 0.50/0.80 1.00/1.30 0.80/1.20 BALPL 12M 1.80/2.30 0.80/1.20 0.00/0.60 0.00/0.06 0.00/0.04 12.00/14.00 2.00/2.50 0.00/0.50 BALCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG
32、93-7-PL 33M 1.80/2.30 1.80/2.30 0.00/0.60 0.00/0.06 0.00/0.04 33.00/35.00 2.00/2.50 0.00/0.50 BALPL 476 1.20/1.60 0.00/1.00 0.00/0.70 0.00/0.06 0.00/0.15 3.50/4.50 6.00/8.00 1.50/1.90 5.00/7.00 BALPLS 100 1.00/1.40 BAL Cu 8.00/10.00PLS 250 0.70/1.10 1.50/2.00 0.60/0.90 3.00/4.00 4.00/5.00 1.50/2.00
33、5.00/6.00 BAL Cu 15.00/20.00PLS 300 0.30/0.60 1.40/1.70 4.50/3.00 2.00/3.00 BAL Cu 18.00/20.00PLS 301 0.30/0.60 0.50/0.80 2.40/3.00 3.00/3.50 BAL Cu 18.00/20.00PMF-2 0.50/1.40 0.00/0.50 0.00/1.00 0.00/0.75 BAL Cu 1.75/3.75PMF-3 0.50/1.40 0.00/0.50 0.00/1.00 0.00/0.75 BAL Cu 1.75/3.75PMF-4 0.25/0.90
34、11.50/14.50 BALPMF-15 0.60/1.40 0.00/0.75 3.50/7.50 3.50/7.50 1.50/3.50 4.50/7.50 BALPMF-16 0.60/1.40 0.00/0.75 3.50/7.50 3.50/7.50 1.50/3.50 4.50/7.50 BALVMS 450 0.65/0.90 0.00/0.50 0.67/0.87 0.30/0.60 BAL Cu 1.75/2.25VMS 586 0.00/0.10 0.00/1.00 0.00/1.00 11.50/13.50 BALVMS 587 1.60/2.00 0.20/0.50
35、0.30/0.50 0.10/0.30 0.40/0.65 0.70/0.90 BAL Cu 0.00/0.50VMS 622 1.60/2.00 0.20/0.50 0.30/0.50 0.10/0.30 0.45/0.65 0.70/0.90 BAL Cu 0.00/0.50VMS 643 0.80/1.20 0.00/0.50 0.00/0.50 1.50/2.50 7.00/9.00 0.10/0.40 0.50/1.50 2.25/3.50 BAL Cu 8.00/11.00VMS 644 0.65/0.90 0.00/0.50 0.50/0.90 0.67/0.87 0.30/0.
36、60 BAL Cu 1.75/2.25W50 2.50/3.00 1.50/2.50 0.50/0.80 2.75/3.25 4.00/5.00 BALW60 0.00/3.00 1.00/2.80 1.00/1.50 0.00/0.12 1.75/3.00 13.50/17.50 BAL Cu 5.50/7.50W70 1.20/1.50 0.30/0.60 0.30/0.60 0.00/0.02 0.00/0.10 3.50/4.25 6.00/7.00 0.00/1.00 5.00/6.00 BAL Cu 0.00/0.25W70V 1.20/1.50 0.30/0.60 0.30/0.
37、60 0.00/0.04 0.00/0.04 3.50/4.25 6.00/7.00 1.35/1.65 5.00/6.00 BALW76 1.20/1.50 0.40/0.80 0.30/0.60 0.00/0.04 0.00/0.04 3.00/5.00 4.00/5.00 6.00/7.00 1.35/1.65 5.00/6.00 BALW90 1.25/1.75 1.90/2.60 0.20/0.60 0.00/0.15 0.00/0.10 19.00/21.00 1.00/1.60 BALW93 2.00/2.50 0.00/1.50 0.00/1.00 0.00/0.04 0.00
38、/0.04 5.50/7.50 14.00/18.00 10.00/14.00 1.00/2.00 1.30/1.70 BALW100 2.25/2.65 0.00/1.00 0.00/1.00 BAL 29.00/32.00 0.00/3.00 11.00/14.00 0.00/3.00W150 0.00/0.08 2.20/2.60 BAL 7.50/8.50 26.50/29.50 0.00/1.50 0.00/1.50W230 1.80/2.50 0.00/1.50 27.00/31.00 7.00/9.00 BAL 0.00/1.00 0.00/25.00W240 2.00/2.75
39、 0.00/1.00 27.00/31.00 46.00/52.00 14.00/16.00 0.00/8.00W260 2.00/2.75 0.00/1.00 9.00/11.00 27.00/31.00 37.00/41.00 14.00/16.00 0.00/8.00XL8 2.00/2.75 0.00/1.15 0.00/0.50 9.00/11.00 27.00/31.00 37.00/41.00 14.00/16.00 0.00/8.001. All chemistry and property data are to be considered typical unless ot
40、herwise designated.TABLE 1(1) VALVE SEAT INSERT MATERIAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS (MINIMUM/MAXIMUM - WEIGHT %)TradeName C Si Mn P S Co Cr Mo Ni V W Fe OthersCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG93-8-TABLE 2VALVE SEAT INSERT MATERIAL
41、 MANUFACTURERS AND USAGETradeName Product ManufacturerGasIntakeGasExhaustDieselIntakeDieselExhaust OthersMaximum OperatingTemperature ofMetallic Surface ( C) Process Heat TreatmentALLOY 1HGOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X CAST YESALLOY 7 GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X CAST YESALLOY 11GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X
42、 X CAST YESALLOY 13GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X X CAST YESALLOY 79GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX CAST YESALLOY 81GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X CAST YESALLOY 589GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X CAST YESEH-2 HITACHI P/M CO., LTD X 250 CONVENTIONAL P/M NONEEH-8 HITACHI P/M CO., LTD X X 400 CONVENTIONAL P/M NONEEH-9 HIT
43、ACHI P/M CO., LTD X X 400 CONVENTIONAL P/M NONEEH-10 HITACHI P/M CO., LTD X X X X LPG, LNG 500 CONVENTIONAL P/M NONEEH-11 HITACHI P/M CO., LTD X X X X LPG, LNG 500 CONVENTIONAL P/M NONEEMS 541 EATON CORP., ECD X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST600 CONVENTIONAL P/M AGE HARDENEMS 542 EATON CORP., ECD X DRY FUEL, INT
44、AKE 425 CONVENTIONAL P/M TEMPEREMS 544 EATON CORP., ECD X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST600 CONVENTIONAL P/M AGE HARDENEMS 554 EATON CORP., ECD X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST600 CONVENTIONAL P/M CARBURIZE Cr/YESGM 76135GOETZE CORP. OF AMERICAX X CAST YESJ3 L.E. JONES CO. X X X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST750 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTSTR
45、ESS RELIEFJ6 L.E. JONES CO. X X 700 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTSTRESS RELIEFJ10 L.E. JONES CO. X DRY FUEL, INTAKE 500 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTNONENOTESX = Potential applicationBlank = Not a recommended applicationCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1
46、692 Issued AUG93-9-J70 L.E. JONES CO. X X 750 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTSTRESS RELIEFJ96 L.E. JONES CO. X X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST750 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTNONEJ100 L.E. JONES CO. X X DRY FUEL, EXHAUST750 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTNONEJ101 H L.E. JONES CO. X X 300 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTNONEJ120 L.E. JONES CO. X
47、X X X DRY FUEL, INTAKE 500 STATIC SHELL MOLD CASTHARDEN CARBONITRIDE 21-2N 400/650 (Ca,Mg)SILICATEEMS 542 X X X X BAINITE 400/650 (Ca,Mg)SILICATEEMS 544 X X X X X AUSTENITE; CARBONITRIDE 21-2N 400/650 (Ca,Mg)SILICATEEMS 554 X X X AUSTENITE; CARBONITRIDE 21-2N 450/850 (Ca,Mg)SILICATEGM 76135 X XJ3 X
48、FCC SOLID SOLUTIONJ6 X FCC SOLID SOLUTIONJ10LAVES PHASE; FCC SOLID SOLUTIONJ70 X Ni SOLID SOLUTIONJ96 X Ni SOLID SOLUTIONJ100 X Ni SOLID SOLUTIONJ101 H X AUSTENITEJ120 X XJ122 X XJ125 X XNOTESX = Phase or element apparent in microstructure at 100XBlank = Phase or element not apparent in microstructu
49、re at 100XCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1692 Issued AUG93-12-PL 7N X X Fe-P-C CARBIDE 1000PL 12M X X CARBIDE 1000PL 33M X X CrMoCARBIDE 1200PL 476 X XCrMoWVCARBIDE 1300PLS 100 X X X CARBIDE 800PLS 250 X X X CARBIDE 1200PLS 300 X X INTERMETALLIC 1100PLS 301 X X INTERMETALLIC 1200PMF-2 X X NONEPMF-3 X X YESPMF-4 X X YESPMF-15 X X YESPMF-16 X X YESVMS 450 X X XVMS 586 XVMS 587 X XVMS 622 X XVMS 643 X X XVMS 644 X X XW50 X XW60 X AUSTENITEW70 X XW70V X XW76 X XW90 X XW93 X XW100 X Co SOLID SOLUTIONW150 LAVES PHA
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