SAE J 1976-2012 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Material《外部材料的室外风化》.pdf

1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub

3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970

4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1976_201204SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ1976 APR2012 Issued 1989-06Revised 2012-04Superse

5、ding 1976 MAR2002 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior MaterialsRATIONALEThis standard is being changed to make Procedure A the default procedure for this test method. Also, the requirement for time of wetness measurements is being removed. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This test method specifies the exposure racks, black

6、 boxes, and instrumentation, which shall be used for the outdoor weathering of materials for automotive exterior application. 1.2 All dimensions are nominal unless otherwise noted. 1.3 A list of approved exposure test sites is generally available from specified automotive manufacturers. 1.4 Sample p

7、reparation, exposure duration, and performance evaluation procedures not presented in this method are covered in material specifications of the different automotive manufacturers. 1.5 This method includes three procedures: 1.5.1 PROCEDURE A Exposure in a rack without backing; or, as required, (1) ex

8、panded metal backing, or (2) backed plywood at a fixed angle of 5 degrees from the horizontal facing the equator. If a specific Procedure is not specified, the default procedure is Procedure A without backing. 1.5.2 PROCEDURE B Exposure in an unheated black box at a fixed angle of 5 degrees from the

9、 horizontal facing the equator. For non-rigid specimens, see note below. SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 2 of 11 1.5.3 PROCEDURE C Exposure at angles other than 5 degrees as specified in PROCEDURE A AND PROCEDURE B. 1.5.3.1 Special Tests These are established on an as-needed basis to duplicate end-us

10、e conditions. Examples are in-service position of large assemblies or components that cannot be accommodated in a 5 degrees exposure rack. NOTE: If required for nonrigid specimens, use expanded metal backing for unbacked exposures. Expose specimens in a rack with plywood backing 13 mm to 19 mm (1/2

11、in to 3/4 in) that have an end-use application in a backed configuration.2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publica

12、tions Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J400 Test for Chip Resistance of Surface Coatings SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Exterior Finis

13、hes, Textiles, and Colored Trim 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.orgASTM G 147 Standard Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artifi

14、cial Weathering Tests ASTM D 523 Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss ASTM D 610 Standard Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces ASTM D 714 Standard Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints ASTM D 772 Standard Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling

15、) of Exterior Paints ASTM D 2794 Standard Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effect of Rapid Deformation (Impact) SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 3 of 11 ASTM D 3002 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Coatings for Plastics ASTM D 3359 Standard Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test

16、 ASTM D 3363 Standard Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test ASTM D 3924 Standard Specifications for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials ASTM D 4060 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abrase

17、r ASTM D 4214 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films ASTM E 313 Standard Test Method for Index of Whiteness and Yellowness of Near-White Opaque Materials 2.1.3 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York

18、, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.ISO 9223 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Corrosivity of atmospheres - Measurement of pollution ISO TS16949 Quality Systems Automotive Suppliers - Particular requirements for the application of ISO 9001:1994ISO 17025 General requirements for the compe

19、tence of testing and calibration laboratories3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This method shall be used to test the weather resistance of all materials intended for automotive exterior applications. Those materials covered by government specifications are exempt from this document. 3.2 Since the natural

20、environment varies considerably during any twelve-month period with respect to location, different results may be expected among sites located within the same climate classification or region. 3.2.1 Exposures can be conducted in any type of climate. However, to obtain results from the most severe ou

21、tdoor environment, exposures are often conducted in locations that receive high levels of solar radiation, temperature, and moisture. Typically, these conditions are found in hot desert and subtropical or tropical climates, such as Phoenix, Arizona and Miami, Florida, respectively. Known attributes

22、of the use environment should be represented by the locations selected for outdoor durability evaluation. For example, if the use environment for the product being evaluated will include freeze/thaw cycling, specimen exposure in a northern temperate climate is recommended. In addition, exposures are

23、 often conducted in areas where specimens are subjected to salt air (seashore) or industrial pollutants. SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 4 of 11 3.2.2 The relative durability of materials in natural exposures can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in ul

24、traviolet (UV) radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that results from exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates wh

25、ich represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended. 3.2.3 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an

26、 “average” test result for a given location. 3.2.4 Solar ultraviolet radiation varies considerably as a function of time of year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate of degradation in many polymers. Comparing results for material exposed for short periods (less than one year) is no

27、t recommended unless materials are exposed at the same time in the same location. 4. LOCATION 4.1 The rack and/or black boxes shall be placed in an area free from objects likely to shade the test specimens during exposure. The area beneath and in the immediate vicinity of the test fixtures should be

28、 characterized by low reflectance and be typical of the ground cover in that climatological area. The lowest section of the racks or black boxes shall be at a sufficient height above ground to avoid contact with vegetation and to prevent damage during area maintenance. A minimum height of 46 cm (18

29、in) above the ground is recommended or at a sufficient height to avoid contact with vegetation and to prevent damage that might occur during area maintenance, whichever is greater.5. CONSTRUCTION 5.1 Panel Exposure Racks Procedure A (Coating Systems) 5.1.1 The exposure racks and hardware used in Pro

30、cedure A shall be constructed of anodized aluminum or an approved equivalent. The racks shall be designed for unbacked exposure. NOTE: Clear anodized aluminum alloy No. 6061T6 and 6063T6 have been found suitable for construction of racks and frames for use in all geographic locations. 5.1.2 When req

31、uired, the racks shall be fitted with a 65 mm (2.5 in) shield to provide an unexposed area on the test piece. A typical panel rack and fitted shield for exposing coating systems is shown in Figure 1. 5.1.3 When required, expanded metal backing shall be 0.03 mm (0.012 in) thick, flattened mesh 5005 H

32、34 aluminum expanded metal, with an opening size of 2.7 mm x 6.9 mm (0.106 in x 0.272 in). 5.1.4 For backed exposures, use exterior grade plywood to form a solid surface to which the specimens are directly attached. A minimum of 13 mm (1/2 in) thick exterior grade plywood has been found satisfactory

33、 for use in arid environments. A maximum of 19 mm (3/4 in) thick exterior grade plywood has been found satisfactory for use in sub-tropical environments. Medium-density overlay (MDO) or high-density overlay (HDO) are satisfactory substrates and require less frequent replacement than plywood with no

34、overlay. The edges of the plywood should be sealed to prevent delamination. Replace the plywood when there is any evidence of delamination or fiber separation. SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 5 of 11 FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL PANEL RACK AND FITTING SHIELD 5.2 Black Boxes Procedure B (Coating Systems Only) 5

35、.2.1 Black boxes used in Procedure B shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant metal. Exterior surfaces shall be coated with a high-temperature, flat black paint. The interior of boxes constructed of materials with minimal reflectance properties shall remain uncoated. NOTE: No. 3003 aluminum sheet

36、 has been found suitable for black boxes for use in all geographic locations. Krylon High Temperature, flat black bar-b-que paint has been found suitable for painting the outside of the boxes. 5.2.2 The black box shall have a minimum of 4 weep holes for drainage.5.2.3 There are two sizes of black bo

37、xes currently in use as illustrated in Figures 2A, 2B, and 3. The dimension of the box used must be included in the exposure report. SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 6 of 11 FIGURE 2A - SMALL BLACK BOX SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 7 of 11 FIGURE 2B - SMALL BLACK BOX SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 8

38、of 11 FIGURE 3 - LARGE BLACK BOX 5.3 Exposure Racks Procedure C (General Usage) - Exposure at angles other than 5 degrees as specified in PROCEDURE A AND PROCEDURE B. 5.3.1 General usage exposure racks used as a part of Procedure A are designed to accommodate any samples, such as odd shapes and size

39、s, which cannot be placed in the coating system exposure rack described in 5.1. The racks shall be constructed to hold specimens or specimen holders of any convenient size. All racks shall be designed for unbacked exposure or exposure on expanded metal. Materials specifications for the various autom

40、otive manufacturers indicate when expanded metal or an approved substitute should be used for exposing materials.6. INSTRUMENTATION 6.1 Instruments for recording the following climatological data shall be located in the immediate area of the exposure racks. The following data shall be available upon

41、 request: 6.1.1 Ambient temperature (daily maximum and minimum). 6.1.2 Black-panel temperature (daily maximum and minimum). NOTE: (Black panel temp is needed to know how hot a specimen may get. Refer to the applicable OEM material specification.)SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 9 of 11 6.1.3 Relative

42、humidity (daily maximum and minimum). 6.1.4 Solar radiation, T (total). 6.1.5 Solar radiation, UV (total ultraviolet = 300 385 nm) 6.1.6 Solar radiation, CSW (centered selected wavelength), optional. 7. TEST SPECIMENS 7.1 The coating system for metal, and materials applied directly to coated metal (

43、decorative taped, logos, side molding, emblems, etc.) are to be applied to 100 mm x 300 mm (4 in x 12 in) type J1008-1010 steel panels. The preparation of the panels shall be as specified by the various automotive manufacturers or as agreed upon by contractual parties. 7.2 Materials other than those

44、 covered (plastic substrates, aluminum, etc.) in 7.1 must be of suitable size, which shall be determined by the evaluation procedures that the specimens will be subjected to after exposure. Test samples or specimens taken from a component or assembly should present an exposure surface that is as fla

45、t as possible. 7.3 Materials intended for mounting on backed or expanded metal surfaces shall be securely mounted to the exposure rack. 7.4 Specific instructions must be obtained from the automotive manufacturers for mounting procedures and the exposure method for large parts of, or full components

46、and/or assemblies. 7.5 The size and number of test specimens that are to be exposed is more fully covered in material specifications of the various automotive manufacturers. 8. PROCEDURE 8.1 As indicated by the automotive manufacturers, place the test specimen on a 5 degree rack as described in Proc

47、edure A, or a 5 degree black box as described in Procedure B. 8.2 Exposures of complete components as described in 1.5.3 Procedure C can be performed in an end-use position as directed by the client. Exposures at angles other than 5 degrees can be performed in accordance with the automotive manufact

48、urers specifications. 8.3 The black box exposures are meant to simulate the air heat sink characteristics of an automobile body. The panels to be tested must cover the entire open top side. If the number of panels to be exposed is not sufficient to cover the entire opening, black-painted sheet metal

49、 panels must be used to fill the open areas. 8.4 During exposure, all test panels and/or specimens are to be rinsed monthly with water at the end of the morning dew formation. Water used for monthly rinsing shall leave no objectionable deposits or stains on the exposed specimens. It is strongly recommended that the water contain a maximum of 1 ppm solids, and a maximum of 0.2 ppm silica. SAE J1976 Revised APR2012 Page 10 of 11 8.5