1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1980_201102SURFACEVEHICLEINFORMATIONREPORTJ1980 FEB2011 Issued 1990-11 Stabilized 2011-02 Supe
5、rseding J1980 JUN2008 Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags RATIONALE The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J1980 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Inform
6、ation Report. J1980, first issued in 1990, documents the tests developed by the U.S. auto industry to assess the risk of injury to occupants in close proximity to driver or passenger frontal airbags. It served as a basis for ISO/TR10982 as auto manufacturers in Europe and Asia began to introduce fro
7、ntal airbags in their regions. In 2000, NHTSA added out-of-position tests and limits to FMVSS 208. J1980 is a historic document and contains a more comprehensive set of out-of-position test conditions than either ISO/TR10982 or FMVSS 208. STABILIZED NOTICE This document has been declared “Stabilized
8、“ by the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyright SAE International P
9、rovided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1980 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 2 of 20 ForewordIn the mid 1980s, vehicle manufacturers began to develop and install frontal airbags in their vehicles tomeet the requirements of
10、Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for Occupant Crash Protection, FMVSS 208.Since considerable amount of energy is generated by the deploying airbag, there was concern that if an occupantwas in the path of the deploying airbag, he could be severely injured by the interaction. In order to design a
11、irbagsystems to mitigate the injury potential of such interactions, the vehicle manufacturers and their airbag suppliersdeveloped tests to measure the interactions. In 1988, a Task Force was created by the SAE HumanBiomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee to summarize the various test procedu
12、res that were beingused in an SAE Information Report. The first Task Group meeting was April 29, 1988 and the document wascompleted on March 17, 1989. The SAE Information Report J1980Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-PositionVehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Airbags was issued on November
13、26, 1990.Since both European and Asian vehicle manufacturers were beginning to develop airbags for their vehicles, theInternational Standards Organization formed a working group (ISO/TC22/SC10/WG3) to review SAE J1980 anddevelop a set of Out-of-Position (OOP) test procedures which had international
14、agreement. The first meeting ofISO/TC22/SC10/WG3 was September 27, 1989. The technical report, ISO/TR10982Road VehiclesTestProcedures for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Air Bags was issued onMarch 15, 1998.As the volume of airbag equipped cars on the road inc
15、reased, so did the number of deployment accidentsincrease. Fatalities of occupants who were in the path of the deploying airbag also began to appear in deploymentaccident studies of the early 90s.On August 23, 1996, the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, (AAMA) filed a petition requestin
16、g thatthe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) take two actions to address the Out-of-Position(OOP) fatality concerns. First, they requested immediate deletion of the 30 mph rigid barrier test requirement ofFMVSS 208 so that airbag inflators could be depowered which would reduce th
17、e severity of airbag forces on OOPoccupants. Second, they requested that OOP tests similar to those of ISO/TR 10982 be added to therequirements of FMVSS 208 to limit, by regulation, the airbag OOP forces. On March 19, 1997, NHTSA changedthe 30 mph rigid barrier test requirement for unbelted occupant
18、s to a less severe, generic 30 mph sled test whichwould allow the manufacturers to use depowered inflators. On May 20, 2000, NHTSA added OOP tests and limitsto FMVSS 208 to regulate the airbag OOP deployment interactions.SAE J1980 has been revised and reissued because it is a more comprehensive set
19、of possible OOP testconditions than either ISO/TR 10982 or FMVSS 208. It is also a historic document since it represents the initialcoordinate effort by the domestic automobile industry to address the OOP occupant injury concerns.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot
20、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1980 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 3 of 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope32. References .32.1 Applicable Publications.33. Test Dummies and Measurements.54. Test Temperature .55. Generic Sled Pulse .55.1 Mild Severity Crash Puls
21、e.55.2 Moderate Severity Crash Pulse 56. Static Tests for Driver Airbag Systems .56.1 Airbag Module Evaluations .56.1.1 Test Set-Up.56.1.2 Dummy Positions86.2 Airbag Module and Steering System Evaluations.86.2.1 Test Set-Up.86.2.2 Dummy Positions87. Dynamic Tests for Driver Airbag Systems 97.1 Test
22、Set-Up.97.2 Prepositioned Driver Tests .107.3 Acceleration-Induced Out-of-Position Driver Tests.107.3.1 Normally Seated Driver with Normal Steering Wheel Position (Unbelted)107.3.2 Normally Seated Driver with Normal Steering Wheel Position (Belted)107.3.3 Chest Interaction Test (Unbelted).108. Stati
23、c and Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems, Using Child Dummy108.1 Test Set-Up.118.2 Child Dummy Test Positions.118.2.1 Child Position Number 1 .118.2.2 Child Position Number 2 .128.2.3 Child Position Number 3 .128.2.4 Child Position Number 4 .138.2.5 Child Position Number 5 .138.2.6 Child Pos
24、ition Number 6 .148.2.7 Child Position Number 7 .148.3 Child Dummy Static Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems.148.4 Child Dummy Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems158.4.1 Unrestrained Child Dummy Out-of-Position Tests158.4.2 Lap Belted Child Dummy Out-of-Position Test - Delayed Deployment.159.
25、 Static and Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems, Using Adult Dummies.159.1 Test Set-Up.159.2 Adult Dummy Positions Near Instrument Panel159.2.1 Adult Position Number 1 .169.2.2 Adult Position Number 2 .169.2.3 Adult Position Number 3 .169.2.4 Adult Position Number 4 .179.2.5 Adult Position Nu
26、mber 5 .17Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1980 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 4 of 20 9.2.6 Adult Position Number 6 .179.3 Adult Dummy Static Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems.189.4 Ad
27、ult Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems .189.4.1 Unrestrained Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment .189.4.2 Three-Point Restrained Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment.189.4.3 Lap Belted Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment.1810. Notes 191. ScopeAn airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during i
28、ts inflation process. As a resultsubstantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag and the out-of-position occupant. Accidentdata and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuriesfrom these forces. This suggests that mitigating s
29、uch forces should be considered in the design of airbagrestraint systems.This document outlines a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating theinteractions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time ofdeployment. Static a
30、nd dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests maybe used to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure maybe subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based
31、uponprior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identified by the document ormay indicate that different tests should be conducted.Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle-specific, but represent a g
32、eneral acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety ofvehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents ahigh-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due top
33、reimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking has much less of aneffect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses orother vehicle specific pulses may be used.No performance limits are specified in this doc
34、ument. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations ofdummy responses relative to human injury potential.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE public
35、ations shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J211Instrumentation for Impact TestsSAE J1733Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash TestingSAE J2189Guidelines for Evaluating Child Restraint System Interactions with Deploying Airbags2.1.2
36、ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO/TR 10982Road vehiclesTest procedures for evaluating out-of-position vehicle occupantinteractions with deploying air bagsISO/TR 12349-1Road vehiclesAdult dummies for restraint system testingISO/TR 12349-2Road vehicl
37、esChild dummies for restraint system testingISO/TR 14645Road vehiclesTest procedures for evaluating child restraint system interactions withdeploying airbagsISO/TR 6487Road vehiclesMeasurement techniques in impact testsInstrumentationCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAE
38、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1980 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 5 of 20 ISO/TR 14933Road vehiclesTest procedures for evaluating occupant interactions with deploying sideair bags2.1.3 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)Available from Superintendent o
39、f Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC 20402.49 CFR, Part 571.208Occupant Crash Protection (FMVSS 208)49 CFR Part 572Anthropomorphic Test Dummies2.1.4 OTHER PUBLICATIONS1. Special Crash Investigation Reports, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NHTSA.2. “Proposal for Du
40、mmy Response Limits for FMVSS 208 Compliance Testing,” Attachment C, AAMAS98-13, Docket No. NHTSA 98 - 4405, Notice I, December 1998.3. Mertz, H. J., Parasad, P., and Irwin, A. L., “Injury Risk Curves for Children and Adults in Frontal andRear Collisions,” SAE 973318, Forty-First Stapp Conference, N
41、ovember 1997.4. Mertz, H. J. and Prasad, P., “Improved Neck Injuury Risk Curves for Tension and Extension MomentMeasurements of Crash Dummies,” SAE 2000-01-SC05, Forty-Fourth Stapp Conference, November2000.5. Patrick, L. M. and Nyquist, G. W., “Airbag Effects on Out-of-Position Child,” 2nd Internati
42、onalConference on Passive Restraints, SAE 720442, May 2225, 1972.6. Aldman, B., Anderson, A., and Saxmark, O., “Possible Effects of Airbag Inflation on a Standing Child,”Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the American Association for Automotive Medicine, September1214, 1974.7. Montalvo, F., Bryan
43、t, R. W, and Mertz, H. J., “Possible Positions and Postures of Unrestrained Front-Seat Children at Instant of Collision,” Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental SafetyVehicles, November 14, 1982. Also available as SAE 826045.8. Stalnaker, R. L., Klusmeyer, L. F., Peel, H. H., White
44、, C. D., Smith, G. R., and Mertz, H. J.,“Unrestrained Front Seat Child Surrogate Trajectories Produced by Hard Braking,” 26th Stapp CarCrash Conference, SAE 821165, October 2021, 1982.9. Mertz, H. J., Driscoll, G. D., Lenox, J. B., Nyquist, G. W., and Weber, D. A., “Responses of AnimalsExposed to De
45、velopment of Various Passenger Inflatable Restraint System Concepts for a Variety ofCollision Severities and Animal Positions,” Ninth International Technical Conference on ExperimentalSafety Vehicles, November 14, 1982. Also available as SAE 826047.10. Wolanin, M. J., Mertz, H. J., Nyznyk, R. S., an
46、d Vincent, J. H., “Description and Basis of a Three YearOld Child Dummy for Evaluating Passenger Inflatable Restraint Concepts,” Ninth InternationalTechnical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, November 14, 1982. Also available as SAE826040.11. Mertz, H. J. and Weber, D. A., “Interpretations
47、 of the Impact Responses of a Three Year Old ChildDummy Relative to Child Injury Potential,” Ninth International Technical Conference on ExperimentalSafety Vehicles, November 14, 1982. Also available as SAE 826048.12. Prasad, P. and Daniel, R. P., “A Biomechanical Analysis of Head, Neck and Torso In
48、juries to ChildSurrogates Due to Sudden Torso Acceleration,” 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 841656,November 67, 1982.13. Mertz, H. J., “Restraint Performance of the 197376 GM Air Cushion Restraint System,” SAE 880400,Automatic Occupant Protection Systems, SP-736, February 1988.14. Horsch, J. D. and Culver, C. C., “A Study of Driver Interactions with an Inflating Air Cushion,” 23rdStapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 791029, October 1719, 1979.15. Mertz, H. J., Irwin, A. L., Melvin, J. W., Stalnaker, R. L., and Beebe, M. S., “Size, Weight andBiomechanical impact Response Requirements
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