1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s
3、ae.orgCopyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001INFORMATIONREPORTJ2094REV.JAN2001Issued 1991-06Revised 2001-01Superseding J2094 JUN1992(R) Vehicle and Control Modifications for Drivers with
4、 Physical Disabilities Terminology1. ScopeThe terms included in this SAE Information Report have been collected during the development ofSAE documents related to standards for the adaptation of vehicles for use by persons with physicaldisabilities. It includes only those terms that are pertinent to
5、the adaptive devices discipline, leaving to otherauthorities more common automotive engineering terms. Where several terms have a common meaning inthe practice, the Terminology Task Force has attempted to select the most appropriate term.The Terminology Task Force recognizes that there will be a nee
6、d to expand and update current terminologyas advances in the industry occur, and as related standards documents are completed. Accordingly, they willcontinue to develop and maintain this document to reflect those changes.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to define those terms which apply to
7、 adaptive devices utilized invehicles by persons with physical disabilities in order to facilitate and encourage:a. Utilization of consistent and understandable terminology in the preparation of related standardsdocuments, and;b. Communication between individuals from diverse backgrounds involved in
8、 this field.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, P
9、A 15096-0001.SAE J140aSeat Belt Hardware Test ProcedureSAE J384Motor Vehicle Seat Belt AnchoragesTest ProcedureSAEJ1138Design CriteriaDriver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, MultipurposePassenger Vehicles, and Trucks, (10 000 GVW and Under)SAE J1903Automotive Adaptive Driver Controls, Manu
10、alTSB 002Preparation of SAE Technical Reports2.1.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONSAustralian Standard AS 2942: 1987COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2094 Revised JAN2001-2-3. Definitions3.1 Accessory ControlsSecondary Controls is preferred term.3.2 Acces
11、s PathThe minimum unobstructed area between horizontal and vertical structures through which aperson must pass while entering or exiting a vehicle.3.3 Accumulator TankSee Vacuum Tank.3.4 ActuatorA transducer whose output is a force or torque and which usually involves motion. (SAE J1213.)3.5 Adaptiv
12、e Driving EquipmentA piece of equipment designed to enable a person with a physical disability tooperate a motor vehicle.3.6 ADEDDesignation for Association of Driver Rehabilitation Specialists.3.7 AftermarketNeither included nor available as a component, structure, or system on the OEM vehicle. (SA
13、EJ1725.)3.8 AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the wheelchairtie-down to the vehicle or from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tie-down, or vehicleseat base. (SAE J2249.)3.9 Anchor PointAn area on a vehicle, wheelcha
14、ir, wheelchair tie-down, or vehicle seat base to which ananchorage is attached. (SAE J2249.)3.10 ANSIAn abbreviation for American National Standards Institute.3.11 Anthropometric Test Device (ATD)An articulated analog of the human body used to simulate a motor-vehicle occupant in a crash environment
15、. (SAE J2249.)3.12 ASTMAn abbreviation for American Society of Testing and Materials.3.13 Automatic Tie-DownA wheelchair securement device whose engagement is initiated and completed as aresult of the wheelchair rolling into the proper position. (SAE J2249.)3.14 Automatic LockdownPreferred term is A
16、utomatic Tie-Down.3.15 Automatic-Locking RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment by means of a positive self-lockingmechanism which is capable, when locked, of withstanding restraint forces. (SAE J1834.)3.16 Automotive Adaptive DevicePreferred term is Adaptive Driving Equipment.3.17 AWSAn abbr
17、eviation for American Welding Society.3.18 Back RestraintA device or system intended to limit rearward movement of the occupant by providingsupport to the back of the torso. (SAE J2249.)3.19 BackupAny device which duplicates or otherwise fulfills the function of another if the latter fails or become
18、sinoperable.3.20 Backup ActuatorA motor, bellows, or other similar device which provides functional redundancy to theprimary or principal actuator in the event of primary actuator failure.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2094 Revised JAN200
19、1-3-3.21 Backup LogicAn electrical, electronic, or mechanical device which provides functional redundancy to theprimary or principal actuator in the event of primary actuator failure.3.22 Backup PowerA battery, pneumatic tank and/or pump, or hydraulic accumulator and/or pump whichprovides functional
20、 redundancy to the primary power that operates the powered gas/brake control system.3.23 BeltA length of energy-absorbing webbing material used as a part of an occupant restraint. (SAE J2294.)3.24 BoosterAny device for increasing power or output.3.25 Brake Pedal ReserveThe distance measured from the
21、 under surface of the pedal to the floorboard along aline normal to the plane of the brake pedal when the brake pedal has been depressed to the point of lockup oractivation of the anti-lock brake system.3.26 Brake SystemA combination of one or more brakes and the related means of operation and contr
22、ol. (SAEJ656.)3.27 CaptivePermanently connected to an assembly. (SAE J2249.)3.28 Car Top CarrierAn integrated wheelchair lifting and storage system for a lateral folding wheelchair that isusually mounted on the roof of a vehicle.3.29 Certified WelderA welder who has been certified to the appropriate
23、 AWS standards related to vehiclemodification. (SAE J1725.)3.30 Common Hand ToolsHand-held devices, available for purchase in consumer stores, that are used toperform common mechanic and electrical repairs. (SAE J1903.)3.31 Crush ZoneIn the event of a collision, that portion of a vehicle body design
24、ed for transforming kinetic energyinto deformation work for the purpose of reducing deceleration and deformation of the vehicle interior. (SAEJ1725.)3.32 Deep Dish Steering WheelA steering wheel where the rim of the wheel is closer to the driver than theoriginal steering wheel. (SAE J2249.)3.33 Diap
25、hragmA flexible disc or membrane which deflects under pneumatic or hydraulic pressure and in do so,imparts linear motion to a centrally located rod or other form of mechanical actuator, as in an air or brakecarburetor.3.34 Docking-Type Tie-downA wheelchair securement device whose engagement is initi
26、ated as a result of thewheelchair rolling into the proper position. (SAE J2249.)3.35 Drivers ConsoleA panel on which controls are located for convenient operation by an individual with limitedupper extremity capability. (SAE J2094.)3.36 Drivers CompartmentThe space inside the vehicle occupied by the
27、 driver and containing all primary andsecondary controls. (SAE J1903.)3.37 Driving PanSee Floor Modifications.3.38 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)A condition in which sources of electromagnetic activity interfere withthe function of equipment, subsystems, and systems. Also the condition in which
28、such equipment,subsystems, and systems interfere with or produce unwanted electromagnetic activity, or in which differentsources of electromagnetic activity interact with one another with consequent degradation of performance.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Han
29、dling ServicesSAE J2094 Revised JAN2001-4-3.39 Emergency BackupA device which can be used as a substitute for a primary system in the event of afailure of the primary system. While serving the same purpose, its design and performance may be differentfrom that of the primary system.3.40 Emergency-Loc
30、king RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment hardware by means of a lockingmechanism that is activated by vehicle acceleration, webbing movement relative to the vehicle, or automaticaction during an emergency, and that is capable, when locked, of withstanding restraint forces. (SAE J1834,J2249
31、.)3.41 End FittingAnchorage and securement hardware to which tie-down and occupant restraint webbing arefastened and which attaches directly to the anchor points and securement points on the wheelchair, tie-downsystem, or vehicle. (SAE J2249.)3.42 Entrance ModificationsAny alteration or substitution
32、 of the OEM door, threshold, and/or header to increasethe vertical and/or horizontal dimension of the door opening, facilitation access to the vehicle. (SAE J1725.)3.43 EyellipseA statistical representation of the population of driver eye location in a motor vehicle used todetermine the field of vie
33、w both outside and inside (e.g., instrument panel) of the vehicle. (SAE J941, J1725.)3.44 FastenersDevices used to secure, by mechanical means, other components or parts in place. Theseinclude but are not limited to bolts, nuts, screws, washers, pins, rivets, and clamps. (SAE J2093.)3.45 FeedbackThe
34、 recycling of a portion of the output to the input of a system. Systems employing feedback arecalled close looped systems. (SAE J1213.)3.46 Final ManufacturerThe company that is responsible for the design, final assembly, and sale of the productto installers and consumers. (SAE J2388.)3.47 Floor Mod
35、ificationsAlteration of the OEM vehicle floor to facilitate access, vision, positioning, and/orincrease headroom. This includes the following:a. Level Floor: A floor modification that eliminates the uneven surface in a vehicle toprovide a smooth stable surface for wheelchair movement.b. Lowered Floo
36、r: An alternation that lowers certain portions of the vehicle floor.c. Power Pan: An elevator type device for lowering and raising certain portions of thevehicle floor.d. Wheelchair Channels: Lowered portions of the vehicle floor that align with wheels of awheelchair.3.48 FMVSSAn abbreviation for U.
37、S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (Code of Federal RegulationsPart 571, or Canadian equivalent.) (SAE J1142.)3.49 Fold Out LIftA lifting system that supports the occupied wheelchair on a platform and functions byascending or descending vertically outside the vehicle and folds up vertically
38、for storage.3.50 Foot Steering ControlA system enabling the driver to control steering of a vehicle with one foot.3.51 Forward FacingOrientation in which the wheelchair-seated occupant faces the front of the vehicle with thewheelchair reference plane within ten degrees of the longitudinal axis of th
39、e vehicle. (SAE J2249.)COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2094 Revised JAN2001-5-3.52 Four-Point Tie-DownA wheelchair tie-down system that attaches to the wheelchair frame at four separatepoints and anchors to the vehicle at four separate anc
40、horage points.NOTEThe typical four-point tie-down system uses four tie-down straps, with two attached to the front portionof the wheelchair, and two attached to the back portion. (SAE J2249.)3.53 Fuel SystemThe combination of fuel tank, fuel lines, pump, filter, and vapor return lines, carburetor or
41、injection components, and all fuel system vents and evaporative emission control systems or devices. (SAEJ1145a.)3.54 Ground PlaneThe surface (normally horizontal) on which the vehicle is resting. (SAE J2093.)3.55 Hand ControlsAny mechanical device that transfers operation of a control ordinarily ac
42、tuated by foot tohand operation by the addition of rods, levers, and/or other hardware. Includes, but is not limited to: push/pull,push/right-angle, or push/twist. (SAE J1903.)3.56 HarnessAn occupant restraint consisting of at least one belt designed to provide pelvic restraint and twoshoulder or to
43、rso belts that apply forces to both shoulders. (SAE J2249.)3.57 Head RestraintA device intended to limit rearward displacement of the occupants head. (SAE J2249.)3.58 HeaderAn OEM reinforcement structure located at the interior junction of the OEM roof and the remainder ofthe vehicle. (SAE J1725.)3.
44、59 Horizontal SteeringA replacement steering system that allows horizontal reorientation of the steeringwheel.3.60 Impact SimulatorA device for accelerating, decelerating, or a combination of decelerating and acceleratinga section of a vehicle or simulated vehicle structures including instrumentatio
45、n for measuring pertinent data.(SAE J850.)3.61 Impact SledThat part of an impact simulator on which components can be mounted for impact testing.(SAE J2249.)3.62 Independent Occupant RestraintA restraint that anchors directly to the vehicle or vehicle anchoredcomponents that are separate from the wh
46、eelchair and wheelchair tie-down.NOTEThis is also known as a parallel restraint system. (SAE J2249.)3.63 Inertial MovementA change of position of the vehicle operator that results from an acceleration ordeceleration of the vehicle. (SAE J1903.)3.64 Integrated Body/FrameSee Unibody.3.65 Integrated Oc
47、cupant RestraintAn occupant restraint for which the anchor points for the pelvic restraint, orboth pelvic and shoulder restraints are located on the wheelchair or on tie-down components not fastened tothe vehicle. (SAE J2249.)3.66 JounceThe range of vertical motion of the vehicle suspension starting
48、 with the steady-state suspensiondeflection and ending with the suspension compressed to the point where the suspension bump stops are 50%compressed. (SAE J1725.)3.67 Keyless IgnitionA system(s) that provides for operation of the ignition without a key.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
49、Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2094 Revised JAN2001-6-3.68 Kneel, Air OperatedA system allowing the vehicles rear suspension to be raised/lowered via a series ofpneumatic parts including an air compressor, air lines, valves, and sleeves.3.69 Kneel, Power ActuatedA system allowing the vehicles rear suspension to be compressed and thereforelowered via an electromechanical actuator.3.70 Lap BeltSee Pelvic Restraint.3.71 Lap RestraintSee Pelvic Restraint.3.72 Left Foot Gas PedalA mechanical de
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