SAE J 2194-1987 Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors.pdf

1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this

3、 publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (o

4、utside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: custsvcsae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ2194REAF.AUG2002Issued 1987-12Reaffirmed 2002-08Superseding J2194 SEP1997Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural TractorsForewordThere was one editorial change to this do

5、cument. SAE J117 was cancelled. This has been removed.1. Scope1.1 Any ROPS meeting the performance requirement of ISO 5700 (Static ROPS Test Standard) or ISO 3463(Dynamic ROPS Test Standard) meets the performance requirements of this SAE Standard if the ROPStemperature/material and seat belt require

6、ments of this document are also met.1.2 Fulfillment of the intended purpose requires testing as follows:1.2.1 A temperature-material requirement (6.9). This can be satisfied by using the appropriate materials or byperforming any of the structural performance tests (Sections 7, 8, or 9) at 18 C.1.2.2

7、 A laboratory test, under repeatable and controlled loading, to permit analysis of the ROPS for compliancewith the performance requirements of this document. Either the static test sequence (Section 7) or theimpact test sequence (Section 8 ) shall be conducted. See Figure 1.1.2.3 A seat belt anchora

8、ge test (Section 10).1.3 The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently availableengineering data.1.4 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to establish the test and performance requirements of a roll-overprotective structure (ROPS), designed for w

9、heeled agricultural tractors to minimize the frequency and severityof operator injury resulting from accidental tractor upset.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AUG200

10、2-2-FIGURE 1TEMPERATURE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 C

11、ommonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J114Seat Belt Hardware Webbing Abrasion Performance RequirementsSAE J140Seat Belt Hardware Test ProcedureSAE J141Seat Belt Hardware Performance RequirementsSAE J339Seat Belt Hardware Webbing Abrasion Test ProcedureSAE J800Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Assem

12、bly InstallationSAE J1150Terminology for Agricultural EquipmentSAE J1194Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors2.1.2 ASAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St.Joseph, MI 49085-9659.ASAE S313Soil Cone Penetromet

13、erASAE S383Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural TractorsCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AUG2002-3-2.1.3 ASTM P UBLICATIONAvailable from A

14、STM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM A 370Standard Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products2.1.4 ISO P UBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 612Road vehiclesDimensions of motor vehicles and towed vehicles

15、Terms and definitionsISO 3462Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestrySeat reference pointMethod ofdeterminationISO 3463Dynamic ROPS test standardISO 5700Static ROPS test standard2.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequ

16、ired part of this document.2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J429Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded FastenersSAE J674Safety Glazing MaterialsMotor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle EquipmentSAE J995Mechanical and Materi

17、al Requirements for Steel Nuts3. Definitions3.1 Agricultural TractorA traction machine designed and advertised primarily to supply power to agriculturalimplements and farmstead equipment. An agricultural tractor propels itself and provides a force in thedirection of travel to enable attached soil en

18、gaging and other agricultural implements to perform their intendedfunction per SAE J1150.3.2 Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS)A cab or frame for the protection of operators of agricultural tractorsto minimize the possibility of serious operator injury resulting from accidental upset. The ROPS isc

19、haracterized by providing space for the clearance zone inside the envelope of the structure or within a spacebounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edge of the structure to any part of the tractor that mightcome in contact with flat ground and is capable of supporting the tractor in th

20、at position if the tractor overturns.The mounting structure and fasteners forming the mounting connection with the tractor are part of the ROPS.3.3 Tractor MassThe mass of the unladen tractor in operating order with tanks and radiators full, protectivestructure with cladding and any wheel equipment

21、or additional front wheel drive components required tosupport the tractor static weight. The operator, optional hitch equipment, optional ballast weights, additionalwheel equipment, and other special equipment are not included.3.4 Reference MassA mass, not less than the tractor mass, selected for ca

22、lculation of the force and energyinputs to be used during tests.3.5 Seat Reference Point (SRP)The seat reference point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 3462with the seat adjusted to its rearmost and uppermost position. For a suspended seat, the seat shall be set tothe midpoint of the suspe

23、nsion travel, unless this is contradictory to clearly stated instructions by themanufacturer of the seat. Where special instructions for the seat setting exist, these shall be observed.3.6 Static Test Horizontal LoadingThe application of a horizontal static load to the rear, front, or side of theROP

24、S.3.7 Impact TestThe application of a dynamic load to the rear, front, or side of the ROPS produced by a massacting as a pendulum.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AU

25、G2002-4-3.8 Crushing TestThe application of a vertical static load through a beam placed laterally across the uppermostmembers of the ROPS. The resultant of the initial crushing load shall be in the vertical direction and shall be ina vertical reference plane passing through the SRP and parallel to

26、the longitudinal axis of the tractor.3.9 Vertical Reference PlaneA vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the SRPand the center of the steering wheel.NOTENormally the vertical reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor.3.10 ROPS Mat

27、erialAny material that meets the requirements set forth in 6.9.1.3.11 Clearance ZoneThe clearance zone is illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B. Referring to the figures, the zone isdefined in relation to the vertical reference plane. This reference plane shall be assumed to move horizontallywith the sea

28、t and steering wheel during loading and to remain perpendicular to the tractor or the floor of theprotective structure. The clearance zone is defined when the tractor is standing on its wheels on a horizontalsurface and, where applicable, the steering wheel is adjusted to the midposition for seated

29、driving.FIGURE 2ACLEARANCE ZONE FROM THE SIDECopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AUG2002-5-FIGURE 2BCLEARANCE ZONE DEFINITIONNOTEReferring to Figure 2B:a. A horizontal

30、plane (A1B1B2A2) 900 mm above the seat reference point.b. An inclined plane (G1G2I2I1) perpendicular to the reference plane and including the rearmost point ofthe seat backrest and the extension of which passes through a point 900 mm directly above the seatreference pointc. A cylindrical surface (A1

31、A2I2I1) perpendicular to the reference plane, with a radius of 120 mmtangential to the planes defined in (a) and (b)d. A cylindrical surface (B1C1C2B2) perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 900 mmextending forward for 400 mm from and tangential to the plane defined in (a) at a poi

32、nt 150 mmforward of the seat reference pointe. An inclined plane (C1D1D2C2) perpendicular to the reference plane, joining the surface defined in (d)at its forward edge and passing 40 mm from the rim of the steering wheelCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Resale

33、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AUG2002-6-f. A vertical plane (D1E1E2D2) perpendicular to the reference plane 40 mm forward of the rim of thesteering wheelg. A horizontal plane (E1F1F2E2) through the seat reference pointh. A surface (G1F1F2G2),

34、 curved if necessary, from the bottom limit of the plane defined in (b) to thehorizontal plane defined in (g) following the general direction of, and in contact with, the rear surface ofthe seat backresti. Vertical planes (J1E1F1G1H1 and J2E2F2G2H2) not less than 250 mm on either side of the referen

35、ceplane;The distance E 1E2 shall be equal to the diameter of the steering wheel plus 40 mm on each side of therim of the wheel or 500 mm, whichever is greaterj. Parallel planes (A1B1C1D1J1H1I1 and A2B2C2D2J2H2I2) inclined so that the upper edge of the plane onthe side on which the load is applied is

36、 at least 100 mm from the reference plane3.12 Longitudinal Median PlaneSee ISO 612.3.13 Gross Machine MassTractor mass as described in 3.3 with the addition of an operator, wheel equipment,ballast weights, hitch equipment, and special equipment required for operation.4. Symbolsm = Tractor mass, as d

37、efined in 3.3, in kilogramsmt = Reference mass, as defined in 3.4, in kilogramsD = Deflection of the ROPS at the point of and in line with the load application, in millimetersDmax = Total deflection of the ROPS during static test corresponding to Ei, in millimetersD = Deflection of the ROPS for the

38、calculated energy required, in millimetersF = Static load force, in newtonsFmax = Maximum static load force occurring during loading, with the exception of the overload, innewtonsF = Force for the calculated energy required, in newtonsEis = Energy input to be absorbed during side loading, in joulesF

39、-D = Force-deflection curveEiI.1 = Energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading, in joulesEiI.2 = Energy input to be absorbed during a second longitudinal loading, in joulesFr = Applied force at rear in the crushing test, in newtonsFf = Applied force at front in the crushing test, in newt

40、onsEi = Energy absorbed by the ROPS area under F-D curve at the point where D = Dmax, in joulesEi = Total energy absorbed by the ROPS structure after static overload test, in joulesH = Height of pendulum at start of impact test, in millimetersL = Reference wheelbase, which shall be not less than the

41、 maximum wheelbase, in millimetersI = Reference moment of inertia about the rear axle, excluding the rear wheels which shall be notless than the maximum moment of inertia in kilogram meters squared5. Applications5.1 This document applies to wheeled agricultural tractors as defined in 3.1. It does no

42、t preclude the use ofextendable or foldable ROPS as long as these ROPS meet the performance requirements of the document.Tractors used in construction and self-propelled implements are excluded.5.2 Test procedures in this document are limited by tractor mass (see 3.3) as follows:5.2.1 STATIC TEST (S

43、ECTION 7)800 kg min.5.2.2 IMPACT T EST (SECTION 8)800 to 6000 kg.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2194 Reaffirmed AUG2002-7-5.2.3 FIELD UPSET T EST (SECTION 9)No limitation.5.3 The

44、minimum tread of the rear wheels should generally be greater than 1150 mm. This Standard Code maynot apply to some designs of tractors, for example, lawn mowing tractors, narrow vineyard tractors, low profiletractors used in buildings with limited overhead clearance or orchards, and stilt tractors (

45、high clearance). Forspecialized applications, SAE J1194 (ASAE S383) may be used.6. General Requirements6.1 The ROPS shall be to production specifications. Where a number of tractor models form a family and use thesame ROPS, testing may be performed based on the largest tractor mass within the family

46、. New ROPS andmounting connections shall be used for conducting the test sequence described in Figure 4.6.2 A tread setting for the wheels, if present, shall be chosen such that no interference exists with the ROPS duringthe tests.6.3 Moveable ROPS sections, such as windows, or removable sections, s

47、uch as doors, which may add tostructural strength, shall be removed or placed in configurations that contribute least to strength during a test.All normally moveable glazing shall be removed before tests; however, glazing material that is permanentlyaffixed or is designed as a structural component n

48、eed not be removed.6.4 If an overhead weather shield or overhead falling object protective cover is available as an optional attachmentto the ROPS, it may be in place during tests, provided it does not contribute to the strength of the ROPS.6.5 In case of an offset seat and/or nonsymmetrical strengt

49、h of the ROPS structure, the side loading shall be onthe side more likely to lead to infringement of the clearance zone.6.6 Repairs or adjustments to the ROPS shall not be made during the test sequence.6.7 Accuracy of Measurementa. Dimensions: 3 mmb. Deflections: 3 mmc. Tractor Mass: 20 kgd. Loads and Forces: 2%e. Direction of Loading: 1. At start of test: 2 degrees, all loading.2. During test: 10 degrees above to 20degre