SAE J 2249-1999 Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint Systems for Use in Motor Vehicles《机动车辆中使用的轮椅固定和乘员束缚系统》.pdf

1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT

3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta

4、ndardJ2249REV.JAN1999Issued 1996-10Revised 1999-01Superseding J2249 OCT96Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint Systems for Use in Motor VehiclesForewordFor people with disabilities who are unable to transfer from their wheelchairs when traveling in motorvehicles, the wheelchair must serve as the

5、 vehicle seat. This usually means that the occupant restraint systeminstalled by the vehicle manufacturer cannot be used to provide protection in a crash. In addition, the wheelchairmust be secured to the vehicle so that it does not impose forces on its occupant and/or become a hazard to othervehicl

6、e occupants in a collision or sudden vehicle maneuver. Providing occupant protection for the wheelchair-seated occupant, therefore, requires that aftermarket equipment be installed to secure the wheelchair and restrainthe wheelchair user.This SAE Recommended Practice applies to the design and perfor

7、mance of motor-vehicle adaptive equipmentreferred to as wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems or WTORS. It is the purpose of this document toencourage the design, testing, installation, and use of WTORS equipment that will provide effective wheelchairsecurement and occupant restraint in

8、a frontal collision, and that will be comparable in crash performance to seatsecurement and occupant restraint systems provided by the vehicle manufacturer. While the primary concern is toreduce the potential for injury to wheelchair-seated occupants involved in a frontal vehicle crash, it is antici

9、patedthat achievement of improved occupant protection will also result in increased driver and passenger safety andcomfort during normal travel. The provisions of this document should not be used to discourage people withdisabilities from using motor vehicle transportation or to limit access to, and

10、 availability of, motor vehicletransportation to wheelchair users.Sincemanufacturers of WTORS are generally not able to control or specify the end use of their products, the 48-km/h, 20-g sled impact test specified in Appendix A is intended to qualify WTORS for use in vehicles with a grossvehicle we

11、ight of less than 7000 kg. In larger vehicles, it may be possible to provide safe transportation usingWTORS that do not comply with the level of crash severity used in this document.As with any vehicle seat, the wheelchair is an important component of the occupant protection system, and alsocontribu

12、tes significantly to the stability and comfort of the wheelchair-seated occupant during normal travel.Design and performance of wheelchairs used as seats in motor vehicles is addressed in a separate, but related,ANSI/RESNA Standard now under development.SAE J2249 Revised JAN1999-2-TABLE OF CONTENTS1

13、. Scope .31.1 Purpose32. References.32.1 Applicable Documents .32.2 Related Publications 43. Definitions 54. Design Requirements.94.1 Complete WTORS .94.2 Wheelchair Tiedowns.94.3 Occupant Restraints.105. Identification, Labeling, and Instruction Requirements 115.1 Identification and Labeling .115.2

14、 Instructions for Installation .125.3 Advice and Warnings for Installers.145.4 User and Maintenance Instructions165.5 Instructions for WTORS Parts and Subassemblies Sold Separately .176. Performance Requirements .176.1 WTORS Components 176.2 Frontal Sled Impact Test 186.3 Partial Engagement of Ancho

15、rage and Securement Components 196.4 Webbing Slippage at Tiedown Adjustment Devices.197. Test Report 19Appendix A Frontal Impact Test 22A.1 Scope and Purpose 22A.2 Equipment to be Tested22A.3 Test Equipment.22A.4 Test Conditions and Signal Processing 23A.5 Preparation and Calibration of Test Equipme

16、nt23A.6 Setting Up and Conducting the Test .24A.7 Measurement and Calculation of Test Results .27Appendix B Procedures for Measuring Geometry and Adjustment Lengths of Occupant Restraints 28B.1 Purpose 28B.2 Principle 28B.3 Test Setup 28B.4 Measurements 30Appendix C Test for Partial Engagement of WT

17、ORS Components .31C.1 Scope and Purpose 31C.2 Principle 31C.3 Test Equipment.31C.4 Test Procedure .31SAE J2249 Revised JAN1999-3-Appendix D Test for Webbing Slippage at Adjustment Devices of Wheelchair Tiedown Straps32D.1 Scope and Purpose 32D.2 Principle 32D.3 Test Equipment.32D.4 Pretest Storage C

18、onditions .32D.5 Test Procedure .33Appendix E Specifications for the Surrogate Wheelchair.34E.1 Scope and Purpose 34E.2 Specifications34Appendix F Design and Performance Recommendations .381. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice applies to WTORS comprised of a system or device for wheelchairtiedown an

19、d a system or device for restraining the wheelchair-seated occupant. It specifies designrequirements, test methods, and performance requirements for WTORS, requirements for manufacturersinstructions to installers and users, and requirements for product marking and labeling. This document placesparti

20、cular emphasis on design requirements, test procedures, and performance requirements for the dynamicperformance of WTORS in a 48-km/h, 20-g frontal impact. It also specifies test procedures and performancerequirements for webbing slippage at adjustment devices of strap-type wheelchair tiedowns, and

21、for partial butineffective engagement of wheelchair tiedowns, and tiedown components that could be perceived to beeffectively engaged. Appendix F includes additional recommendations for WTORS that will enhance thedesign, performance, installation, and use of WTORS, but which are not, at this time, r

22、equired for compliancewith this document.The contents of this document apply to WTORS used with forward-facing wheelchair-seated children andadults, and apply to passengers and drivers of personally licensed motor vehicles as well as to passengers ofmotor vehicles used in public and school transport

23、ation. While much of the focus of this document is onWTORS that use four-point wheelchair tiedown systems, unless otherwise specified, the provisions of thisdocument are applicable to all types of WTORS, including those that use docking-type wheelchair tiedowns.While the primary focus of this docume

24、nt is a WTORS that is packaged by the manufacturer as a completesystem or kit, it is recognized that a significant portion of the WTORS market consists of separate WTORScomponents and subassemblies, such as anchorage track that is sold to the bus manufacturer, or securementand restraint assemblies t

25、hat are sold to the transit provider. Manufacturers of such WTORS components andsubassemblies may certify their equipment as being in compliance with this document provided that:a. The subassemblies and components intended to be used together to create a WTORS meet all theappropriate requirements of

26、 this document, andb. The separately sold components and subassemblies are provided with instructions in accordance with5.5, where the word “compatible” means tested together to comply with this document.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThis document contains provisions which reference the fo

27、llowing documents. Atthe time of publication, the indicated editions of these references were valid. Since all publications are subjectto revision or deletion, users of this document are encouraged to refer to the most recent published editions ofthese referenced documents.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvai

28、lable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J211-2Instrumentation for Impact TestSAE J850Fixed Rigid Barrier Collision TestsSAE J1834Seat Belt Comfort, Fit, and ConvenienceSAE J2249 Revised JAN1999-4-2.1.2 FEDERAL PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents,

29、U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.FMVSS 209Seat Belt Assemblies, Part 571.209FMVSS 302Flammability of Interior Materials, Part 571.3022.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequired part of this document.2.2.1 SAE

30、 PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J128Occupant Restraint System EvaluationSAE J140aSeat Belt Hardware Test ProcedureSAE J141Seat Belt Hardware Performance RequirementsSAE J383Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Anchorage Design ModificationsSAE J2094Terminolo

31、gy Report for Vehicle and Control Modifications for Drivers with PhysicalDisabilitiesSAE J2252Surrogate Wheelchair Drawing Package and Maintenance Manual2.2.2 ADA PUBLICATIONAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.PL 101-336Americans with

32、Disabilities Act, Part IV, Transportation for Individual with Disabilities, SN869-010-0096-1, US Code Citation: 42 USC 12101PL 101-476Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), 1990, US Code Citation: 20 USC 1400 2.2.3 AUSTRALIAN STANDARDAvailable from Standards Association of Australia, Head Office:

33、 Standards House,80 Arthur Street, North Sydney, P.O. Box 458, North Sydney, 2060 Australia.AS 2942-1994(Australian) Standard for Wheelchair Occupant Restraint Assemblies for Motor Vehicles,2nd edition2.2.4 CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONSAvailable from Canadian Standards Association, 178

34、Rexdale Boulevard, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W1R3.CAN-D409-M84Motor Vehicles for the Transportation of Physically Disabled Persons, ISSN 0317-5669,April 1994CSA Z604Transportable Mobility Aids for Occupancy in Moving VehiclesCSA Z605Mobility Aid Securement and Occupant Restraint Systems for Motor

35、 Vehicles2.2.5 DIN PUBLICATIONAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.DIN 75 078 Teil 2Motor Vehicles for Transportation of Handicapped PersonsRestraint SystemsConcepts, Requirements, Testing2.2.6 FMVSS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern

36、ment Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.FMVSS 201Occupant Protection in Interior Impacts, 49CRF Part 571.201 Amended August 18, 1995FMVSS 222School Bus Passenger Seating and Crash Protection, Federal Register, Vol 58, No. 10,January 15, 1993SAE J2249 Revised JAN1999-5-2.2.7 ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailab

37、le from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 7176/19Requirements and test methods for transportationWheelchairs for use in motor vehiclesISO 7193WheelchairsMaximum overall dimensions, 1st edition, 1985-12-1ISO 10542-1 and 2Wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint systems for use i

38、n motor vehicles3. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply:3.1 AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the wheelchairtiedown to the vehicle or from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair t

39、iedown, or vehicleseat base.3.2 Anchor PointA point (area) on a vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle seat base to which ananchorage is attached.3.3 ANSIAbbreviation for American National Standards Institute.3.4 Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD)An articulated analog of the human body u

40、sed to simulate a motor-vehicle occupant in a crash environment.3.5 Automatic-Locking RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment by means of a positive self-lockingmechanism which is capable, when locked, of withstanding restraint forces (from SAE J1834).3.6 Back RestraintA device or system inten

41、ded to limit rearward movement of the occupant by providingsupport to the back of the torso.3.7 BeltA length of energy-absorbing webbing material used as part of an occupant restraint.3.8 Docking-Type TiedownA wheelchair securement device whose engagement is initiated as a result of thewheelchair ro

42、lling into the proper position.3.9 Emergency-Locking RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment hardware by means of a lockingmechanism that is activated by vehicle acceleration, webbing movement relative to the vehicle, or automaticaction during an emergency, and that is capable, when locked, of

43、 withstanding restraint forces (from SAEJ1834).3.10 End FittingAnchorage and securement hardware to which tiedown and occupant restraint webbing isfastened and which attaches directly to the anchor points and securement points on the wheelchair, tiedownsystem, or vehicle.3.11 FastenersDevices used t

44、o secure, by mechanical means, other components or parts in place.NOTEThese include, but are not limited to: bolts, nuts, screws, pins, rivets, and clamps.3.12 Forward FacingOrientation in which the wheelchair-seated occupant faces the front of the vehicle with thewheelchair reference plane within 1

45、0 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.3.13 Four-Point TiedownA wheelchair tiedown system that attaches to the wheelchair frame at four separatepoints and anchors to the vehicle at four separate anchor points.NOTEThe typical four-point tiedown system uses four tiedown straps, with two att

46、ached to the front portionof the wheelchair and two attached to the rear portion.SAE J2249 Revised JAN1999-6-3.14 HarnessAn occupant restraint consisting of at least one belt designed to provide pelvic restraint and twoshoulder or torso belts that apply forces to both shoulders.3.15 Head RestraintA

47、device intended to limit rearward displacement of the occupants head.3.16 Impact SimulatorA device for accelerating, decelerating, or a combination of decelerating and accelerating,a section of a vehicle or simulated vehicle structures, including instrumentation for measuring pertinent data(from SAE

48、 J850).3.17 Impact SledThat part of an impact simulator on which components can be mounted for impact testing.3.18 Independent Occupant RestraintAn occupant restraint that anchors directly to the vehicle or vehicleanchored components that are separate from the wheelchair and wheelchair tiedown.NOTET

49、his is also known as a parallel restraint system.3.19 Integrated Occupant RestraintAn occupant restraint for which the anchor points for the pelvic-restraint, orboth pelvic- and shoulder-restraints, are located on the wheelchair, or on tiedown components not fastened tothe vehicle.3.20 Occupant Restraint AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferreddirectly from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle seat base.3.21 Occupant RestraintA system or device fo