SAE J 2305-2006 Hazard Reduction for Horizontal Earthboring Machines《水平隧道钻进机的危险减少》.pdf

1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2006 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m

3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)

4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org J2305 REV. AUG2006 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD Issued 2002-01 Revised 2006-08 Superseding J2305 JAN2002 Hazard Reduction for Horizontal Earthboring Machines RATIONALE This revision of SAE J2305 consists of the updating

5、of reference standards, editorial changes, updating of terminology to reflect current practice and the addition of Appendix A Informative Guideline for exit side immobilization of drill string of horizontal directional drilling machines. 1. SCOPE This SAE standard applies to horizontal earthboring m

6、achines (SAE J2022) of the following types: a. Auger boring machines; b. Rod pushers; c. Rotary rod machines; d. Impact machines; e. Horizontal Directional Drilling machines. This document does not apply to specialized mining machines, conveyors, tunnel boring machines, pipe jacking systems, micro t

7、unnelers, or well drilling machines. 1.1 Purpose This document is a guide for reducing hazards for the operators and others during normal operation and maintenance of horizontal earthboring machines. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form part of this specification

8、 to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AUG2006 - 2 - 2.1.1

9、SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1362 Graphical Symbols for Operator Controls and Displays on Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J2022 Classificati

10、on, Nomenclature, and Specification Definitions for Horizontal Earthboring Machines 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 2867 Earthmoving machineryAccess Systems ISO 3450 Earthmoving machineryBraking systems of

11、 rubber-tired machinesSystems and performance requirements and test procedures ISO 3457 Earthmoving machineryGuards and shieldsDefinitions and specifications ISO 3471 Earthmoving machineryRoll over protective structures ISO 9244 Earthmoving machinerySafety signs and hazard pictorialsGeneral principl

12、es ISO 10265 Earthmoving machineryCrawler machinesPerformance requirements and test procedures for braking systems ISO 13766 Earthmoving machineryElectromagnetic compatibility ISO 17063 Earthmoving machineryBraking systems of pedestrian controlled machines ISO 21467 Earthmoving machineryHorizontal d

13、irectional drillsDefinitions and specifications 3. DEFINITIONS All definitions contained in SAE J2022 and ISO 21467 are included herein by reference. 3.1 Normal Operation Normal operation is the reasonable use of a horizontal earthboring machine by a trained person using equipment and procedures spe

14、cified by the manufacturer. 3.2 Electric Job Site A job site which has been properly investigated for underground utilities and where an energized underground electric line has been determined to be within 3 m of the intended bore path. 4. GUARDS AND SHIELDS Guards and shields shall conform to ISO 3

15、457, except as specified in Section 9. 5. INSTRUCTIONS Safety instructions shall be supplied with the machine. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AUG2006 - 3 - 5.1 Oper

16、ators Manual 5.1.1 Operator manuals shall provide safety instructions for normal operation and maintenance. 5.1.2 Operator manuals shall include the following specific precautions and those specified in Section 9. 5.1.2.1 Identification and avoidance of potential hazards of contact with underground

17、utilities. 5.1.2.2 Wearing of personal protective equipment. 5.1.2.3 Identification and avoidance of potential hazards of excavation wall collapse, if applicable. 5.2 Safety Signs 5.2.1 Safety signs shall conform to ISO 9244. 5.2.2 Safety sign(s) shall provide information regarding identification an

18、d avoidance of potential hazards of contacting underground utilities. 6. CONTROLS 6.1 Where confusion may result from the motion of the control, the effect from movement of the control shall be clearly identified. If symbols are used, they shall be consistent with SAE J1362, unless defined in the op

19、erators manual. 6.2 Control design shall be based on the principle that a given direction of movement of any control produces a consistent and expected effect. 7. ACCESS 7.1 Access systems of machines shall comply with ISO 2867. 8. ELECTRIC SHOCK PRECAUTIONS 8.1 Machines used on electric job sites s

20、hall have the following provisions: 8.1.1 A means to determine tool head position while boring. 8.1.2 A means of helping to protect personnel from electrical shock. 9. PRODUCT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS All horizontal earthboring machine types shall meet the requirements of Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 as

21、applicable. In addition, the following applicable subsections shall be met: 9.1 Auger Boring Machines 9.1.1 Instructions The operators manual and safety signs on the machine shall have instructions regarding identification and avoidance of potential hazards involving: 9.1.1.1 Auger entanglement. 9.1

22、.1.2 Machine upset while operating the auger. 9.1.1.3 Inadvertent engagement of the drive train during auger coupling. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AUG2006 - 4 -

23、9.1.2 Controls Auger rotation and thrust controls shall be hold-to-run type. In the alternative, an engine stop control shall be easily accessible to the operator. 9.1.3 Guards 9.1.3.1 Guards and shields shall conform to ISO 3457, excluding auger and tool attachments. 9.1.3.2 All casing pushers shal

24、l be equipped with self-closing spoil ejection doors. 9.1.4 Lifting There shall be designated lifting points or devices for lifting the machine. 9.2 Rod Pushers 9.2.1 Instructions The operators manual and/or safety signs shall have instructions regarding identification and avoidance of potential haz

25、ards involving: 9.2.1.1 Pinch points on the machine for hands and feet. 9.2.1.2 Relieving the hydraulic system pressure before servicing the machine. 9.2.1.3 Pit preparation. 9.2.2 Controls Thrust controls shall be hold-to-run type. 9.2.3 Lifting There shall be designated lift points or devices for

26、lifting the machine. 9.3 Rotary Rod Machines 9.3.1 Instructions 9.3.1.1 The operators manual and safety signs on the machine shall provide information regarding identification and avoidance of potential hazards of rod entanglement. Attempting to guide or control the rotating drill rod by bodily cont

27、act shall be specifically prohibited. 9.3.1.2 Operator precautions shall be placed in the operators manual regarding proper coupling and uncoupling of rod sections and tool attachments. 9.3.2 Drill Rods Rods and rod couplers shall have no projecting bolts, keys, pins, set screws, or similar projecti

28、ons that are capable of snagging clothing. 9.3.3 Guards Guards and shields shall comply with ISO 3457, excluding drill rod and tool attachments. A universal joint, if used at the rotary power source, shall be guarded. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo

29、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AUG2006 - 5 - 9.3.4 Controls Drill rod rotation function shall be hold-to-run type. 9.4 Impact Machines 9.4.1 Instructions 9.4.1.1 Instructions for proper lifting shall be provided in the operators manual when mecha

30、nical lifting accessories are required. 9.4.1.2 Machines used for pushing open pipe shall have accompanying instructions in the operators manual regarding proper removal of spoil from the pipe. 9.4.2 Supply Hose A means shall be used to connect the supply hose to the tool to prevent inadvertent disc

31、onnection from the tool during normal operation. 9.5 Horizontal Directional Drilling Machines 9.5.1 Instructions 9.5.1.1 Operator precautions shall be placed in the operators manual regarding proper coupling and uncoupling of pipe sections and tool attachments. 9.5.1.2 The operators manual shall pro

32、vide instructions regarding identification and avoidance of potential hazards of pipe entanglement. 9.5.1.3 The operators manual shall provide information about precautions to be taken when handling chemicals such as drilling fluid additives. 9.5.1.4 The operators manual shall provide instructions t

33、o shut off the engine/power source when personnel are working on the drill string or attachment to the drill string. Also see section 9.5.9. 9.5.1.5 The operators manual shall provide instructions advising the operator to clear away vegetation from near the operators station when operating on an ele

34、ctrical jobsite. 9.5.1.6 The operators manual shall provide instructions prohibiting the use of spindle torque with hand tools for making or breaking drill string tool joints. 9.5.2 Controls 9.5.2.1 The machine ground travel function on self propelled walk-along machines shall be hold-to-run type. 9

35、.5.2.2 A means shall be provided to assure the operator is at the operators station while the drill pipe rotation or thrust functions are engaged. 9.5.3 Guards 9.5.3.1 Guards and shields shall conform to ISO 3457, excluding drill pipe, tool attachments, and carriage drive spindle. 9.5.3.2 Pipe and p

36、ipe couplers shall have no projecting bolts, keys, pins, set screws, or similar projections that are capable of snagging clothing. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AU

37、G2006 - 6 - 9.5.3.3 A means shall be provided to prevent injury to the operator in the event of an ejected drill pipe from a powered loading system. 9.5.4 Brakes 9.5.4.1 Ride-on machines shall be equipped with brakes conforming to ISO 10265 (Crawler Track Machines) or ISO 3450 (Rubber Tired Machines

38、). 9.5.4.2 Self-propelled, walk-along machines shall be equipped with brakes conforming to ISO 17063. 9.5.4.3 Machines which are not self-propelled do not require brakes. The operators manual shall contain instructions regarding proper movement of non self-propelled machines to and from the bore sit

39、e. 9.5.5 Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Self-propelled machines with machine travel controls at a riding operators station shall be equipped with a rollover protective structure conforming to ISO 3471. 9.5.6 Travel Speed Self-propelled, walk-along machines shall have a maximum forward speed 6

40、km/h. Where control positions require the operator to walk backwards, the maximum speed in that direction shall be 2.5 km/h. 9.5.7 Drill Frame Support Device A means shall be provided to secure the drill frame in a raised position if maintenance is required underneath the drill frame. 9.5.8 Backup A

41、larm/Signal Ride on machines with an obstructed view to the rear shall have an automatically activated backup alarm/signal. 9.5.9 Exit Side Immobilization of Drill String See Appendix A. 10. NOTES 10.1 Marginal Indicia The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user

42、in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report. PREPARED BY THE SAE MACHINE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE SC 9 TRENCHING AND HORIZONTAL EARTHBORING MACHINERY Copyright S

43、AE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2305 Revised AUG2006 - 7 - APPENDIX A - INFORMATIVE GUIDELINE Exit Side Immobilization of Drill String of Horizontal Directional Drilling Machines Performanc

44、e Requirements and Test Procedures RATIONALE Exit side immobilization can provide a more convenient method of allowing personnel remote from the horizontal directional drill to disable drill string movement without having to travel to the drill or to depend upon voice communication. Exit side immobi

45、lization is not a substitute for drill team training, organization, two-way communication and established procedures, but is a supplement to them. This appendix provides designers of wireless exit side immobilization devices guidance by providing definitions, performance and test criteria. Criteria

46、for the use of an exit side immobilization system are beyond the scope of this document. Means of overriding the immobilization system by design may be provided. A.1 SCOPE This guideline specifies minimum performance and test criteria for exit side immobilization of the drill string. It is not inten

47、ded to define the only acceptable means of immobilization of the drill string. A.2 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this guideline, the following definitions apply: A.2.1 Exit Side Control Control device used at the drill string exit side for communication with the machine control interface to immobil

48、ize the drill string. A.2.2 Receiving Unit Control on machine for receiving signal from the exit side control for either immobilizing or enabling drill string movement and providing status indication. A.2.3 Signal Transmission Range Reliable communication distance specified by the manufacturer. A.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS An immobilization system shall allow at least one person distant from the machine to immobilize the drill string. Once the drill string has been immobilized, the system shall assure that drill string movement cannot r