SAE J 306-2017 Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification.pdf

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4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J306_201708 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J306 AUG2017 Issued 1998-03 Revised 2017-08 Superseding J3

5、06 JUN2005 Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification RATIONALE The ASTM D2983 improved precision method was incorporated. Standard document review was completed and minor revisions made. Alternate methods to CEC Test Method CEC L-45-A-99 were considered but not added. 1. SCOPE This SAE Stan

6、dard defines the limits for a classification of automotive gear lubricants in rheological terms only. Other lubricant characteristics are not considered. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwi

7、se indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent an

8、d Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) ASTM D2983 Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automotive Fluid Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer ASTM D3244 Standard Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications ASTM D5293 Sta

9、ndard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils Between -5 and -30 C Using the Cold-Cranking Simulator SAE INTERNATIONAL J306 AUG2017 Page 2 of 3 2.1.2 CEC Test Methods Available from Coordinating European Council, Madou Plaza, 25th Floor, Place Madou 1, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium. CEC Test Me

10、thod CEC L-45-A-99 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission Lubricants (KRL - Tapered Roller Bearing Test Rig) Shear Stability Test, 1999 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE This SAE Standard is intended for use by equipment manufacturers in defining and recommending automotive gear, axle and manual transmissi

11、on lubricants, for oil marketers in labeling such lubricants with respect to their viscosity, and for users in following their owners manual recommendations. The SAE viscosity grades shown in Table 1 constitute a classification for automotive gear, axle, and manual transmission lubricants in rheolog

12、ical terms only. Disputes between laboratories as to whether a product conforms with any specification in Table 1 shall be resolved by application of the procedures described in ASTM D3244. For this purpose, all specifications in Table 1 are critical specifications to which conformance based upon re

13、producibility of the prescribed test method is required. The product shall be considered to be in conformance if the Assigned Test Value (ATV) is within the specification. Table 1 - Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification SAE Viscosity Grade Maximum Temperature for Viscosity of 150000 cP,

14、 C (1,2)Kinematic Viscosity at 100 C, cSt (3)Minimum (4)Kinematic Viscosity at 100 C, cSt (3)Maximum 70W -55 4.1 75W -40 4.1 80W -26 7.0 85W -12 11.0 80 7.0 11.0 85 11.0 13.5 90 13.5 18.5 110 18.5 24.0 140 24.0 32.5 190 32.5 41.0 250 41.0 NOTE: 1cP = 1 mPas; 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s 1. Using ASTM D2983. 2. A

15、dditional low-temperature viscosity requirements may be appropriate for fluids intended for use in light duty synchronized manual transmissions. See text. 3. Using ASTM D445. 4. Limit must also be met after testing in CEC L-45-A-99, Method C (20 hours). This classification is based on the lubricant

16、viscosity measured at both high and low temperatures. The high-temperature kinematic viscosity values are determined according to ASTM D445, with the results reported in centistokes (cSt). The low-temperature viscosity values are determined according to ASTM D2983 and these results are reported in c

17、entipoise (cP). These two viscosity units are related as follows in Equation 1: (Eq. 1) Density is measured at the test temperature. This relationship is valid for Newtonian fluids; it is an approximation for non-Newtonian fluids. SAE INTERNATIONAL J306 AUG2017 Page 3 of 3 High temperature viscosity

18、 is related to the hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the fluid. Some gear lubricants may contain high molecular weight polymers, known as viscosity modifiers or viscosity index improvers, which function to increase the viscosity of a base fluid to improve viscosity index over that of a New

19、tonian fluid. During use, these polymers may shear to a lower molecular weight, thereby resulting in a fluid with a lower viscosity than that of the new fluid. In order to ensure that the designated high temperature viscosity grade is retained during use, lubricants must meet the 100 C viscosity lim

20、its listed in Table 1 not only when new, but also following evaluation in CEC L-45-A-99, Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission Lubricants, Method C (20 hours). Low temperature viscosity requirements are related to the ability of the fluid to flow and provide adequate lubrication to critical part

21、s under low ambient temperature conditions. The 150000 cP viscosity value used for the definition of low-temperature properties is based on a series of tests in a specific rear axle design. These tests have shown that pinion bearing failure has occurred at viscosities higher than 150000 cP and the A

22、STM D2983 viscosity method was shown to give adequate precision at this viscosity level. However, it should be pointed out that other axle designs may tolerate higher viscosities or fail at lower viscosities. Other applications may require additional low temperature limits. For example, shifting eas

23、e at low temperature in light duty synchronized manual transmissions may be related to viscosity at higher shear rates than that provided by the ASTM D2983 viscosity method. For such applications, use of the Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) per ASTM D5293 should be considered. A CCS viscosity of 5000 c

24、P, maximum, at -30 C may ensure satisfactory low temperature shiftability. Automotive gear lubricant SAE viscosity grades should not be confused with engine oil SAE viscosity grades. (Compare Table 1 in this report with Table 1 in SAE J300.) A gear lubricant and an engine oil having the same viscosi

25、ty will have widely different SAE viscosity grade designations as defined in the two viscosity classifications. For instance, an SAE 75W gear lubricant can have the same kinematic viscosity at 100 C as an SAE 10W engine oil; and an SAE 90 gear lubricant viscosity can be similar to that of an SAE 40

26、or SAE 50 engine oil. 4. LABELING In properly describing the viscosity grade of an automotive gear lubricant according to this document, a lubricant may use one W grade numerical designation, one non-W grade numerical designation, or one W grade in combination with one non-W grade. In all cases the

27、numerical designation must be preceded by the letters “SAE”. In addition, when both a W grade and a non-W grade are listed (multigrade) the W grade shall be listed first and the two designations shall be separated by a hyphen (i.e., SAE 80W-90). Other forms of punctuation or separation are not accep

28、table. A lubricant which meets the requirements of both a low-temperature and a high-temperature grade is commonly known as a multiviscosity-grade lubricant. For example, an SAE 80W-90 lubricant must meet the low-temperature requirements for SAE 80W and the high-temperature requirements for SAE 90.

29、Since the W grade is defined on the basis of maximum temperature for an ASTM D2983 viscosity of 150000 cP and minimum kinematic viscosity at 100 C, it is possible for a lubricant to satisfy the requirements of more than one W grade. In labeling either a W grade or a multiviscosity grade lubricant, o

30、nly the lowest W grade satisfied may be referred to on the label. Thus, a lubricant meeting the requirements of both SAE 75W and SAE 85W as well as SAE 90 would be labeled as SAE 75W-90, and not SAE 75W-85W-90. 5. NOTES 5.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the co

31、nvenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE FUELS AND LUBRICANTS TC3 TASK FORCE FOR J306 OF THE DRIVELINE AND CHASSIS LUBRICATION COMMITTEE