SAE J 350-1991 Spark Arrester Test Procedure for Medium Size Engines.pdf

1、SAE-J350ADOPTION NOTICESAE-J350, “ENGINES, MEDIUM SIZE, SPARK ARRESTER TEST PROCEDUREFOR“, was adopted on 20-APR-91 for use by the Department ofDefense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must besubmitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, US ArmyTank-Automotive and Armaments Command, AT

2、TN: AMSTA-TR-E/IE,Warren, MI 48397-5000. Copies of this document may be purchasedfrom the Society of Automotive Engineers 400 Commonwealth DriveWarrendale, Pennsylvania, United States, 15096-0001. http:/www.sae.org/_Custodians: Adopting Activity:Army - ATArmy - ATNavy - YDAir Force - 99FSC 2990DISTR

3、IBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distributionis unlimited.SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability

4、 for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REG

5、ARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1991 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0

6、001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ350REV.JAN91Issued 1968-07Revised 1991-01-09Superseding J350 OCT88(R) SPARK ARRESTER TEST PROCEDURE FOR MEDIUM SIZE ENGINESForewordThis Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board form

7、at.1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice establishes equipment and procedures for testing spark arrestersused on medium-size, single-position internal combustion engines, normally used in transportable, stationary,and vehicular applications, such as highway trucks, agricultural tractors, industrial

8、tractors, other mobileequipment, and motorcycles. This document provides two methods of testing (laboratory testing and enginetesting) which may be used to evaluate a spark arrester. It also includes special requirements for screen typedevices and an endurance test procedure for screen type spark ar

9、resters.1.1 PurposeThis document provides a method of testing to evaluate spark arresters for compression ignition orspark ignition internal combustion engines. It is not intended to establish the performance level required foradequate fire protection, nor does it cover applications requiring flame

10、arresting, exhaust gas cooling, orisolation from explosive gases.1.2 Spark Arrester ApplicationSpark arresters qualified by an engine test should be used on only engines ofthe same design and size (or smaller) and which do not exceed the calculated flow rate of the test engine bymore than 15%. Calcu

11、lated flow rate shall be determined at maximum power engine speed or at maximumgoverned engine speed, whichever is lower.This document has been established to cover most medium sizes and type of engines and engineapplications. Arresters tested under this procedure should not be used above their rate

12、d flow unless testedand found to be adequately effective at the intended flow.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE P

13、UBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J726Air Cleaner Test CodeSAE J997Spark Arrester Test CarbonSAE J350 Revised JAN91-2-3. Test Equipment Requirements3.1 Laboratory Test3.1.1 TEST EQUIPMENTThe test unit consists of a blower with air directed through t

14、he metering instruments, acarbon injector, the test spark arrester, a trap for collecting particles, and a method of measuring the gas flowthrough the spark arrester. The apparatus shall permit mounting of arresters in all positions in which theymay be used and shall discharge into the positive trap

15、 in a manner similar to that shown in Figure B1.3.1.2 TEST CARBONTest carbon shall conform to SAE J997.3.1.3 CARBON INJECTORThe test carbon shall be injected by a feeder mechanism that does not crush or grind thecarbon or affect the normal flow of air through the apparatus. It shall be located appro

16、ximately as shown inFigure B1.3.1.4 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSUREThe test equipment shall include a piezometer ring, probe, or other method formonitoring pressure at the inlet of the arrester. If a piezometer ring is used, it shall be as specified in SAEJ726. The differential pressure shall be measured betw

17、een the piezometer ring or probe and the pressuretap on the discharge side of the arrester or in the side of the positive trap chamber. Figure B1.A piezometer ring or probe calibration run shall be made over the anticipated airflow range, with no sparkarrester in place. The indicated pressure record

18、ed shall be plotted and the resulting calibration curve shallbe used to correct data recorded during subsequent tests. At each test point, the flow rate through thearrester shall be held constant during the carbon feed cycle.3.1.5 FLOW MEASUREMENTSAny method which measures the gas flow through the s

19、park arrester, with anaccuracy of 5% of the actual value, may be used.3.2 Engine TestWhen the spark arrester is to be tested on an engine, the equipment used shall be similar tothose described in 3.1. Facilities for loading the engine shall be provided. The engine exhaust shall be used inplace of th

20、e blower air supply. The measurement of gas exhaust flow is not required. Gas temperature shallbe that normally produced by the engine after stabilization under conditions given in 4.2.4.4. Test Procedure4.1 Laboratory Test4.1.1 SETUP AND PRE-TEST CHECKSTest equipment shall be arranged in a general

21、configuration similar to thatshown in Figure B1. The arrester shall be mounted to the equipment in the position specified by the arrestermanufacturer. The inlet duct shall be sized to fit the arrester as in a normal installation. The following checksof the test equipment shall be made with no spark

22、arrester installed. A straight pipe equal in length and inletinside diameter to that of the test arrester shall be installed.4.1.1.1 Determine system back pressure, with air delivery flow from 10% of that flow which would occur at 1 lbf/in2gage with the spark arrester installed, to maximum expected.

23、 See 4.2.4.4.1.1.2 Ensure that there is no pulverization of the test carbon caused by the injection apparatus or in the positivetest trap by running a sample of each test carbon at the highest flow point.4.1.1.3 Check that the outlet screen is of sufficient cross-sectional area to maintain minimum b

24、ack pressure in thetest apparatus discharge.SAE J350 Revised JAN91-3-4.1.1.4 Sample RunTo establish the amount of test carbon to be used for each test, make a sample run. Thisconsists of operating the test equipment with the spark arrester installed, at a back pressure of 1 lbf/in2gage carbon being

25、injected, for a period of 12 min. At the end of 12 min, the airflow and temperature arerecorded. From this information, the corrected air flow is calculated. See 5.2. The amount of test carbonto be used for each test run is the corrected flow at 1 lbf/in2 gage times 0.2 g. A minimum of 25 g and amax

26、imum of 200 g shall be used.4.1.2 TESTRun the test as follows:4.1.2.1 CarbonPrepare sufficient samples of each size of test carbon. See 4.1.1.4.4.1.2.2 Duration of TestInject test carbon into the air stream at a uniform rate over a period of 15 min 5.4.1.2.3 Flow PointsOperate the test rig at 10, 32

27、.5, 55, 77.5, and 100% of the flow at 1 lbf/in2 gage differentialpressure, with each fine and coarse carbon. Record data specified in 4.4.1. Calculate and plot the resultsas specified in Figure 2. Any points which do not fall on a smooth curve should be rejected and the datare-run. Data may be recor

28、ded at higher flows when potential arrester applications indicate a need for thisadditional data. Any effectiveness data within 2% of the minimum allowable is justification for additionalintermediate data test points.4.1.3 Data to be collected (for each flow rate):a. Weight of test sample (Ws) for b

29、oth SAE coarse and SAE fine carbon tests, grams;NOTEUnder low flow rate conditions, stack air velocity may be insufficient to carry all of the test sampleinto the arrester. In these instances, Ws shall be determined by weighing the total of collectedmaterial found in the positive trap chamber and cl

30、eaned out of the arrester.b. Weight of carbon in the positive trap chamber that is retained on a U.S. Standard No. 30 Sieve (Wt),gram; Record Wt (for coarse or fine carbon as applicable) for each individual run;c. Air flow at test conditions, dm3s (ft3/m);d. Air temperature at spark arrester inlet,

31、C (F);e. Pressure in the system without the spark arrester installed, at airflow rates per 4.2.4 (p1), (lbf/in2 gage);f. Pressure in the system with spark arrester installed, (P2), lbf/in2 gage;NOTEWith some arresters, back pressure and flow will vary widely during the 15 min test period. In thesein

32、stances, maintain constant flow during the test period, and record both minimum and maximumback pressure. In plotting the flow curve, the average differential pressure shall be used. Figure B2.g. Differential pressure, PA, equal to P2-P1.4.2 Engine TestThe engine test is to be conducted at a test fa

33、cility utilizing a dynamometer for loading.4.2.1 SETUPTest equipment shall be arranged in a manner similar to that shown in Figure B1, with the exceptionthat the engine exhaust shall be used as the air source rather than the blower. The arrester shall be mountedin the orientation that it is intended

34、 to operate on the engine and discharge into the positive trap.4.2.2 QUANTITY OF CARBONSee 4.1.1.4.4.2.3 DURATION OF TESTSee 4.1.2.2.SAE J350 Revised JAN91-4-4.2.4 FLOW POINTSData shall be recorded separately for each size carbon, at the following operating conditions:a. No load and governed high id

35、le speed;b. 100% rated load at rated speed;c. 50% of attainable load at one-half rated speed;d. Where applicable (such as for trucks), 80% of rated net load at rated speed.4.2.5 DATAData to be obtained: Figure B3.a. Engine speed (rpm);b. Engine load, hp (W);c. Back pressure induced by the spark arre

36、ster, lbf/in2 gage (Pa);d. Gas temperature at the inlet of the spark arrester, C (F);e. Weight of each size test carbon used, gram;f. Weight of each size test carbon retained in the trap that will not pass a U.S. No. 30 sieve or equivalent,gram.4.3 Special Requirements for Screen Type Devices4.3.1 E

37、ffective exhaust area of screen (total area of all screen openings) shall not be less than 200% of the totalexhaust port area.If it is necessary to clean the spark arrester screen, the time of such cleaning shall be recorded. (See4.4.1.b.) No screen cleaning shall be allowed during the final 12.5 h

38、of the 50-h period. Since the finalexamination is to determine qualification status of the arresting unit, it is imperative that the screen and othercomponents not be cleaned or altered in any way following completion of the test.4.3.2 Screen material shall be heat and corrosion resistant. The scree

39、n component shall provide a minimum of50 h of service life when tested in accordance with the endurance test for screen type spark arresters. See4.4.4.4 Endurance Test for Screen Type Spark ArrestersThe arrester shall be mounted as specified by thearrester manufacturer on an engine of the type and m

40、aximum size for which the arrester is to be used. Enginesize shall be determined by the maximum calculated flow rate. If the arrester is intended for both two- and four-stroke cycle applications, separate tests shall be conducted for each type of engine.The test shall be conducted for a minimum of 5

41、0 h, which need not be continuous. A 1-h cycling period,representative of actual operating conditions, including idle at no load through maximum operating enginespeed at full load, shall be conducted continuously throughout the entire 50-h period. Manufacturersrecommended air-to-fuel ratios shall be

42、 observed. Engine manufacturers recommended oil-to-fuel ratios shallbe observed for all two-stroke cycle tests.4.4.1 During the 50-h test, the following data shall be recorded at increments of not more than 2 h:a. Operating time;b. Engine speed;c. Temperature in screen area;d. Engine load or output

43、horsepower;e. Exhaust back pressure;f. Time and circumstance of any part failure or malfunction, including any required screen cleaning.4.4.2 The following shall be recorded once for each arrester:a. Complete information on the engine, including make, model, serial number, fuel used, etc,SAE J350 Re

44、vised JAN91-5-b. A description of the test setup, including photographs5. Calculations5.1 Spark Arresting Effectiveness Formula:(Eq. 1)where:= spark arresting effectiveness, %Ws = weight of the carbon sample gramsWt = weight of the carbon found in the positive trap chamber that is retained on a U.S.

45、 Standard No. 30sieve, grams5.2 Exhaust Gas Flow Formula: (See 4.2.2)(Eq. 2)where:Wm = airflow determined by standard laboratory instrumentation or by airflow as specified by the enginemanufacturer, g/s (lb/min)V = specific weight of flowing gas, g/m3 (lb/ft3)P = gas pressure at the inlet of the spa

46、rk arrester, lbf/in2 gage (kPa)T = gas temperature at the inlet of the spark arrester, C (F)6. Presentation of Results6.1 Laboratory TestTest results shall be presented graphically as shown in Figure B2. In general, all tests shallbe carried to a flow at which the differential pressure induced is 1

47、lbf/in2 gage. Tests may be carried to greaterflows when that information is required. Curves of effectiveness and differential pressure shall be presented asshown.6.2 Engine TestEngine test results shall be recorded in tabular form, as shown in Figure B3, including enginespeed and load, spark arrest

48、ing effectiveness with each carbon size, and differential pressure at each datapoint.7. Notes7.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symb

49、ol to the leftof the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE SPARK ARRESTER STANDARDS COMMITTEEWs Wt ) 100(Ws-=Flow in cfmWm 1VWm= T 460+0.6523P-Flow in dm3 sWm= 1V Wm T 273+3.49P-=SAE J350 Revised JAN91-6-APPENDIX AA.1 Arrester PerformanceWhen required performance levels are established, consideration should be given tothe area in which the engine is operating. For example, in areas where dayti