1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2518_201207SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ2518 JUL2012 Issued 2003-05 Revised 2012-07Super
5、seding J2518 APR2008 Lift Capacity Calculation Method Scrap and Material HandlersRATIONALE Paragraph 4.1.4 incompletely addresses the orientation and position of oscillating axles and did not address steering axles for lift capacity calculations. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard provides a uniform method
6、to calculate the lift capacity of scrap and material handlers, establishes definitions and specifies machine conditions for the calculations. This document applies to scrap and material handlers as defined in SAE J2506 that have a 360 degrees continuous rotating upper structure. It does not apply to
7、 equipment that is incapable of lifting a load completely off the ground. This document applies to those machines that are crawler, wheel, rail and pedestal or stationary mounted. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this SAE document is to establish a consistent, repeatable means of determining the lift capa
8、city for the types of equipment contained therein. 1.2 Applicability Lift capacity calculations and the resulting rated lift capacity chart are developed by the equipment manufacturer or the entity that assembles and or modifies basic components to produce the complete machine for each machine model
9、 that is produced. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealt
10、h Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J2506 Material Handler Nomenclature SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 2 of 17 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and a
11、re not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.2.2.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J2417 Lift Capacity Calculation Method Knuckle - Boo
12、m Log Loaders and Certain Forestry Equipment 2.2.2 ASME Publication Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 973-882-1170, www.asme.org.ASME B30.25, Scrap and Materials Handlers 2.2.3 ISO Publication Available from American
13、National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www,ansi.org. ISO 10567 Earth-Moving Machinery - Hydraulic Excavators - Lift Capacity 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 ATTACHMENT The magnet or grapple that is affixed to the second or third member of a front. 3.2 BALANC
14、E POINT The theoretical location on the machine at which the forward moment produced by the front, attachment and load is equal to the rearward moment produced by the weight of the machine. 3.3 FRONT That portion of the machine that is unique and dedicated to the machines primary purpose, i.e., scra
15、p and material handling. The front, depending upon the type of machine, is also called working equipment, boom set or front linkage. The front consists of two or three structural members actuated by hydraulic cylinders that are affixed to the upper structure. SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 3 of 17 3
16、.4 GROUND REFERENCE PLANE For crawler, rail and wheel mounted machines the ground reference plane is that firm level supporting surface that the machine stands on, See Figures 1 through 5. For pedestal or other stationery mounted machines the ground reference plane may be either the firm, level supp
17、orting surface the entire machine and structure stands on or an arbitrary but easily distinguished physical feature selected by the manufacturer. See Figure 5. For those machines supplied without a crawler, wheel, rail or pedestal mounting it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to select and d
18、efine the ground reference plane. 3.5 HOLDING CIRCUIT PRESSURE The maximum static pressure in a specific circuit, limited by a relief valve at a flow no greater than 10% of rated circuit flow.3.6 HYDRAULIC LIFT CAPACITY The load that can be supported from the lift point at a specific lift point posi
19、tion by applying working circuit pressure to anycylinders without exceeding holding circuit pressure in any other circuit. 3.7 LIFT POINT The location on the front specified by the manufacturer, to which a load may be attached for lifting purposes. Normally the magnet or grapple pivot on the second
20、or third member is the lift point. If more than one lift point is provided, the one having the greatest lift point radius shall be used for determining lift capacities. See Figures 1 through 5. The lift pointslocation shall be identified on the rated lift capacity chart. 3.8 LIFT POINT HEIGHT The ve
21、rtical distance from the ground reference plane to the lift point. See Figures 1 through 5. 3.9 LIFT POINT POSITION The location of the lift point as defined by the lift point height and radius. 3.10 LIFT POINT RADIUS The horizontal distance from the axis of rotation to the lift point. See Figures 1
22、 through 5. 3.11 LOAD The external weight, (kg), that includes the weight of the grapple or magnet and attaching equipment, applied at the lift point.3.12 MAXIMUM RADIUS (RATED) LIFT CAPACITY The lift capacity, determined in the same manner as the (rated) lift capacity, except that the lift point po
23、sition is at the maximum radius for a given lift point height. 3.13 MINIMUM RADIUS (RATED) LIFT CAPACITY The lift capacity determined in the same manner as the (rated) lift capacity, except that the lift point position is at the minimum radius for a given lift point height. 3.14 RATED HYDRAULIC LIFT
24、 CAPACITY 87% of the lesser of the hydraulic lift capacities at a specific lift point position. SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 4 of 17 FIGURE 1 - CRAWLER MOUNTED HANDLER SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 5 of 17 FIGURE 2 - RAIL MOUNTED HANDLER SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 6 of 17 FIGURE 3 - WHEEL-MOU
25、NTED HANDLER SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 7 of 17 FIGURE 4 - WHEEL MOUNTED HANDLER SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 8 of 17 FIGURE 5 - PEDESTAL MOUNTED HANDLER SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 9 of 17 3.15 RATED LIFT CAPACITY The smaller of either the rated tipping lift capacity or rated hydraulic lif
26、t capacity. 3.16 RATED TIPPING LIFT CAPACITY 75% of the tipping load at the specific lift point position for crawler and wheel mounted handlers. For rail mounted handlers without stabilizers fully extended 80% of the tipping load shall be used. 3.17 TIPPING LINE A theoretical line about which the ma
27、chine is assumed to tip. In most instances the tipping line will move as increased tipping occurs. For calculation purposes, the tipping line is assumed fixed relative to the machine. See Figures 1 through 4, 6, 7 and 8. 3.18 TIPPING LIFT CAPACITY The load that can be supported from the lift point a
28、t a specific lift point position with the machine at its balance point. 3.19 WORKING CIRCUIT PRESSURE The nominal pressure produced in the specific circuit by resistance to flow from the pump(s). 4. LIFT CAPACITY CALCULATIONS 4.1 Machine Configuration for Calculations 4.1.1 Operating Mass The mass o
29、f the base machine with standard equipment as specified by the manufacturer, operator (75 kg), full fuel tank, full lubricating, hydraulic and cooling systems. The weight of grapples, magnets and other auxiliary equipment, shall not be included in the operating mass. 4.1.2 Permissible Variations Bec
30、ause of the large number of front options and machine variations available, the manufacturer must publish revised lift capacity charts if these variations would decrease the machine rated lift capacity by more than 5%. 4.1.3 Lift capacities shall be calculated with the machine on a firm level suppor
31、ting surface. 4.1.4 For machines equipped with oscillating, steering and/or oscillating steering axles the axles shall be in a locked position such that the axle mimics the orientation of a non-oscillating and non-steer axle. For calculation purposes the axles shall be in the locked and fixed positi
32、on and oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 10 of 17 4.2 Hydraulic Load Calculations A series of calculations at various lift point positions, to determine the load that can be supported at the lift point by the force generated by each hydrau
33、lic cylinders. Sufficient lift point positions shall be considered to develop the rated lift capacity chart throughout the machines operating range as defined in 5.3. 4.3 Tipping Load Calculations A series of calculations at various lift point positions, to determine the load required to achieve the
34、 balance point as defined in 3.2. Lift point positions shall encompass those that are over both the ends and sides of the machine. Sufficient lift point positions shall be considered to develop the rated lift capacity chart throughout the machines operating range as defined in 5.3. Over end tipping
35、may be either over the front and/or over the rear of the machine but shall be defined and identified by the manufacturer. For the purposes of this standard the two over side tipping conditions are assumed to be equal. The over side tipping calculations shall be done in the least stable condition. 4.
36、4 Over End Tipping The tipping line to be used for balance point calculations over the front and/or rear of crawler mounted machines shall be the centerline of the line to be used for calculations over the front and/or rear of wheel and rail mounted machines shall be the axle centerline, bogie axle
37、centerline, or the centerline of the stabilizer pads as shown in Figures 2 through 4. For machines equipped with stabilizers the calculations shall be developed for the stabilizers fully applied in the manufacturers recommended position and also with the stabilizers fully retracted. See 4.6 and Figu
38、re 4. SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 11 of 17 FIGURE 6 - TIPPING LINE CRAWLER MOUNTED MACHINES SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 12 of 17 FIGURE 7 - SIDE TIPPING LINE RUBBER TIRE MOUNTED MACHINES SAE J2518 Revised JUL2012 Page 13 of 17 FIGURE 8 - SIDE TIPPING LINE RAIL MOUNTED MACHINES 4.5 Over Side Ti
39、pping The tipping line to be used for balance point calculations over the side of crawler mounted machines shall be the theoretical tipping point between the support rollers and the track links as shown in Figure 6. The tipping line to be used for balance point calculations over the side of wheel an
40、d rail mounted machines shall be the distance to the center line of the wheels at the ground reference plane, the midpoint between dual wheels at the ground reference plane or the tipping line of stabilizer pads as defined in 4.6. See Figures 7 and 8. For machines equipped with stabilizers calculati
41、ons shall be developed for the stabilizers fully applied in the manufacturers recommended position and also with the stabilizers fully retracted. For calculations with the stabilizers fully applied the wheel mounting shall be free of the ground with the machine fully supported by the stabilizers. Se
42、e Figure 4. For calculations with the stabilizers fully retracted the tipping line shall be defined through the wheel tipping line. 4.6 Stabilizer Pads When defined through oscillating, (ball and socket), or pivoting stabilizer pads, the tipping line shall be at the ground reference plane directly b
43、elow the centerlines of the stabilizer pad oscillation points or pivots. When defined through rigid stabilizer pads the tipping line shall be at the ground reference plane through the centroids of the pad ground contact areas. 4.7 Pedestal Mounted Machines For pedestal or stationary mounted machines
44、 where tipping conditions do not exist the manufacturer shall ensure that the structural integrity of the machine is sufficient to withstand the calculated hydraulic lift capacities. Derating the lift capacity chart to compensate for structural inadequacies is not permissible. SAE J2518 Revised JUL2
45、012 Page 14 of 17 4.8 Three Piece Fronts For three piece fronts there is no unique orientation of the primary structural members for each lift point location as there is for two piece fronts. For a three piece front an infinite number of orientations of the boom, arm and jib are possible for each li
46、ft point position. In these cases it is necessary to perform iterative repetitive calculations to determine a set of all lift capacities possible for hydraulic and tipping capacities. From this set of calculations the largest value obtained is selectedfor each of the hydraulic and tipping capacities
47、. The final or selected hydraulic and tipping lift capacities are then compared and the rated lift capacity determined. 4.9 Wheel Mounted Machines For wheel mounted machines, without the stabilizers engaged, the manufacturer shall ensure that the structural integrity of the tires, either pneumatic,
48、foam filled or solid, is sufficient to withstand the calculated lift capacities. Derating the liftcapacity chart to compensate for tire inadequacies is not permissible. 5. RATED LIFT CAPACITY CHART: 5.1 The rated lift capacity chart shall show the rated lift capacity at specific lift point positions
49、. The chart shall note if the values are limited by hydraulic lift capacity. 5.2 Two acceptable formats for the rated lift capacity chart are shown in Figures 9 and 10. 5.3 Rated lift capacity values shall be tabulated for intersections of the lift point with 1.5 m or 3.0 m vertically and horizontally spaced grid placed over the machines operating range. The maximum and minimum lift radii may also be included even though not located at a g
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