1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2530 NOV2009 Issued 2004-03 Revised 2009-11 Superseding J2530 MAY2008 Aftermarket WheelsPassenger Cars and Light Truck Performance Requirements and Test Procedures RATIONALE The
5、addition of a certification process and markings were updated to reflect ISO marking and ability to easier identify the particular wheel. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice provides performance, sampling, and certifying requirements, test procedures, and marking requirements for aftermarket whee
6、ls intended for normal highway use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. For aftermarket wheels on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks or multipurpose vehicles, see SAE J1204. These performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in
7、 Table 1 and Table 2. New nomenclature and terms are added to clarify wheel constructions typically not used in OEM applications. The testing procedures and requirements are based on SAE standards listed in the references. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a p
8、art of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4
9、970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J175 WheelsImpact Test ProceduresRoad Vehicles SAE J179 LabelingDisc Wheels and Demountable RimsTrucks SAE J328 WheelsPassenger Car and Light Truck Performance Requirements and Test Procedures SAE J1204 WheelsRecreational and Utility Trailer Test Procedure SAE J19
10、82 NomenclatureWheels for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Multipurpose Vehicles Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2530 Revised NOV2009 Page 2 of 7 2.1.2 Tire and Rim Association
11、Publication Available from Tire and Rim Association, 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321. Yearbook, The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. 2.2 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard The following ISO standards provide test specifications for wheels which are comparable to this st
12、andard. ISO 3006:1995 Road VehiclesPassenger Car WheelsTest Methods ISO 7141:1995 Road VehiclesImpact Test Procedure ISO 3894:1995 Road VehiclesTruck Wheels/RimsTest Methods 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Aftermarket Wheel The classification used for wheels generally designed for fitment to multiple vehicle app
13、lications that may be sold to the general public subsequent to the initial purchase of such vehicles. Aftermarket wheels are sold as an intended replacement of OEM wheels provided for said vehicles. 3.2 Functional Fastener A connection device such as a bolt, rivet or wire spoke used to join together
14、 the individual components of the wheel assembly. 3.3 Lug Nut/Bolt Hardware designed for securing the wheel to the vehicle. 3.4 Offset The inset, zeroset or outset of the wheel as defined in SAE J1982 Figure 3 (noted in mm). 3.5 Wheel Load The maximum load rating of the wheel as specified by the whe
15、el manufacturer and shall be no less than one-half of the vehicle static load of the heaviest axle (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer) of any vehicle for which the wheel is intended (as determined by the wheel manufacturer) 4. WHEEL MARKINGS Wheels that comply with this specification must be
16、permanently marked with the following information. The characters shall be legible and the character size shall not be less than 3.2 mm (.12 in). 4.1 Wheel manufacturers name, trademark or symbol. 4.2 Date of manufacture of the wheel, indicating the month and year, which may be either coded or speci
17、fically indicated. 4.3 Manufacturers part number or code. 4.4 Country of manufacture. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2530 Revised NOV2009 Page 3 of 7 4.5 Rim size designation Ri
18、m diameter, width, and offset (e.g. 16 x 7 IS44 for a 16 diameter, 7 wide and 44 inset wheel). 4.6 The manufacturers wheel load rating as established by design validation testing to this specification expressed in lbs or kg. 4.7 The symbol “DOT”, constituting a certification by the manufacturer that
19、 the rim complies with all applicable motor vehicle safety standards. Following the symbol, “DOT”, a designation which indicates the source of rims published nominal dimensions as follows: “T” indicates The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. “E” indicates The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
20、 “J” indicates Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association, Inc. “D” indicates Deutsche Industrie Norm “B” indicates British Standards Institution “S” indicates Scandinavian Tire and Rim Organization “A” indicates Tyre and Rim Association of Australia 4.8 “SAE J2530” may be cast in, stamped on,
21、or labeled on wheels that conform to this specification. 4.9 If the wheel manufacturer recommends restricting wheel use with certain types of tires then the finished wheel must be permanently marked with the restriction, for example “Not for Use with Radial Tires” (only required if tire restriction)
22、. 4.10 The largest overall diameter of an installed tire at its maximum rated inflation pressure, per wheel manufacturer recommendation expressed in inches or mm (marking optional). 5. WHEEL QUALIFICATION When possible, test samples must pass through all of the processes to duplicate the effects and
23、/or characteristics of the final product. 5.1 Test Sample Selection Test samples shall be representative of wheels produced or to be produced. 5.2 Sample Size for Tests The sample size for the Dynamic Cornering fatigue test (Section 6) are shown in Table 1 and for the Dynamic Radial fatigue test (Se
24、ction 7) are shown in Table 2.The sample size shown is between 2 and 7 wheels with the appropriate minimum cycles requirements for that sample size. The cycles are based on the material fatigue curves and use Weibull statistics with a reliability of 90%, a confidence level of 50%, and a beta (slope)
25、 of 2. Any combination is acceptable as long as the minimum cycles for all sample wheels are reached. The sample size for the Impact test (Section 8) is 2 wheels. 5.3 Retest and Additional Model Variation Requirements Changes in either, style, diameter, material, increase in wheel load rating, cross
26、 sectional dimensions, maximum tire diameter, offset, functional fasteners, or production processes which could affect wheels life will require retesting. For wheels that vary only in finish, it is required to test the wheel with the greatest potential for non-compliance. For wheels that vary only i
27、n width and offset, it is required to test the model variations with the mathematically highest bending moment and include test samples per Section 5 with the largest bolt circle and test samples per Section 5 with the smallest bolt circle and least number of lug holes. Copyright SAE International P
28、rovided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2530 Revised NOV2009 Page 4 of 7 5.4 Inspection of Test Samples Visual inspection for crack identification shall be executed via corrected 20/20 vision without optical assista
29、nce. Dye penetrant inspection for crack verification is recommended, however is not mandatory. 5.5 Acceptance Criteria Wheels conform to the specification if they meet the acceptance criteria for the testing specified in Sections 4, 6, 7, and 8. 6. DYNAMIC CORNERING FATIGUE 6.1 Performance Requireme
30、nts The test wheels, when submitted to the following test procedures, shall meet the minimum performance requirement as specified in Table 1. 6.2 Equipment See SAE J328. 6.3 Procedure See SAE J328. 6.4 Bending Moment Calculate the bending moment (Force x Load Arm Length) to be applied to the test wh
31、eel as follows. M = W (R + d) S (Eq. 1) Where: W = Load rating of the wheel as specified by the wheel manufacturer. R = One half of the largest overall diameter of the tires to be used on the wheel as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufacturer. = Coe
32、fficient of friction developed between the tire and the road. Use = 0.7. d = The inset or outset of the wheel (offset): use positive sign for inset and negative sign for outset. S = Load factor See Table 1. Use one of the factors for the type of wheel being tested. NOTE: When calculating the Bending
33、 Moment, all units of measurement must be of the same system. 6.5 Test Criteria/Test Termination 6.5.1 Acceptance Criteria The wheel conforms to this test if all the elements of wheel qualification in Section 5 are used and the samples under test must complete the minimum number of test cycles for t
34、he sample size used without termination. 6.5.2 Test Termination Terminate the test when any of the following conditions occur. a. Wheel exceeds the initial deflection at point of load application by 20%. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction
35、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2530 Revised NOV2009 Page 5 of 7 b. A visually detected crack penetrating through a section of the wheel in the base metal or propagation of any existing fracture/crack resulting in a fatigue crack penetrating through any section of the wheel
36、 at the minimum cycles for the sample size used specified as in Table 1. Inspection should be done at the minimum cycles for the sample size used in Table 1. Cracking in the wheel finish alone shall not be the basis for finding a test termination. c. One or more lug nuts loosening to less than 60% o
37、f the initial torque at the minimum cycles for the sample size used as specified in Table 1. If loosening is due to broken wheel bolts, studs or nuts see 6.5.2e. Inspection should be done at the minimum cycles for the sample size used as specified in Table 1. d. Break or crack of a functional fasten
38、er. e. Broken lug bolts or other parts of the test fixture do not require test termination but may result in damage to the wheel and test invalidation. Broken lug bolts shall not be replaced more than once per test. All bolts should be replaced if lug bolts are replaced. If necessary the test shall
39、be terminated and the wheel retested or replaced and retested. 7. DYNAMIC RADIAL FATIGUE 7.1 Performance Requirements The test wheels, when submitted to the following test procedures, shall meet the minimum performance requirements as specified in Table 2. 7.2 Equipment See SAE J328. 7.3 Procedure S
40、ee SAE J328. 7.4 Radial Load The radial load to be applied to the wheel shall be determined as follows. F = WK (Eq. 2) Where: F = Radial load. W = Load rating of the wheel as specified by the wheel manufacturer. K = Load factor See Table 2. Use one of the factors for the type of wheel being tested.
41、NOTE: When calculating the Radial Load, all units of measurement must be of the same system. 7.5 Test Criteria/Test Termination 7.5.1 Acceptance Criteria The wheel conforms to this test if all the elements of wheel qualification in Section 5 are used and the samples under test must complete the mini
42、mum number of test cycles without termination. 7.5.2 Test Termination Terminate the test when any of the following conditions occur. a. Inability of the wheel to sustain the test load. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi
43、tted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2530 Revised NOV2009 Page 6 of 7 b. A visually detected crack penetrating through a section of the wheel in the base metal or propagation of any existing fracture/crack resulting in a fatigue crack penetrating through any section of the wheel at minimum cycles
44、for the sample size used as specified in Table 2. Inspection should be done at the minimum cycles for the sample size used in Table 2.Cracking in the wheel coating alone shall not be the basis for finding a test termination. c. Loss of air pressure through a fatigue crack in rim. d. Break or crack o
45、f a functional fastener e. Failure of the test tire, broken lug bolts or studs, or other parts of the test fixture do not require test termination but may result in damage to the wheel and test invalidation. Broken lug bolts shall not be replaced more then once per test. If necessary the test shall
46、be terminated and the wheel retested or replaced and retested. TABLE 1 - TEST FACTORS AND MINIMUM CYCLE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHEELS IN NORMAL HIGHWAY SERVICE - DYNAMIC CORNERING FATIGUE TABLE 2 - TEST FACTORS AND MINIMUM CYCLE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHEELS IN NORMAL HIGHWAY SERVICE - DYNAMIC RADIAL FATIGUE Wh
47、eel Type (Material) K Minimum Cycles Sample Size = 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ferrous and Ferrous Wire Wheels 2.25 750 000 600 000 525 000 475 000 425 000 400 000 Aluminum Cast and Forged, Aluminum/Steel Two-Piece, and Aluminum Modular 2.5 1 100 000 900 000 775 000 700 000 650 000 600 000 2 1 850 000 1 500 000 1 3
48、00 000 1 200 000 1 100 000 1 000 000 8. IMPACT 8.1 Performance Requirements SAE J175 establishes minimum performance requirements and related uniform laboratory test procedures for evaluating axial (lateral) curb impact collision properties of all wheels intended for use on passenger cars and light trucks. Test criteria and termination is defined in 8.4. 8.2 Equipment See SAE J175. 8.3 Procedure See SAE J175. Wheel Type (Material) S Minimum Cycles Sample Size = 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ferrous and Ferrous Wire Wheels 1.6 35 000 30 000 25 000 22 000 20 000 18 000 Aluminum Cast an
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