1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2551/1_201302 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2551-1 FEB2013 Issued 2013-0
5、2 Superseding J2551 MAY2010 Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 1: Design and Fabrication RATIONALE The user community has expressed a need for additional documented knowledge associated with the design, expected performa
6、nce and procurement of metallic fluid conductors. This revision to SAE J2551 reorganizes the document into three parts; design and fabrication, general specifications and performance requirements and procurement. The revisions include changes and additional information that are intended to bring thi
7、s document up to date with current industry technology and provide the comprehensive application and procurement information requested by the user community. In addition, the document title has been revised to include steel tube materials that have been recently added to SAE standards. FOREWORD The
8、May2010 edition of SAE J2551 was published as a single document covering the design and fabrication of carbon, alloy and high strength low allow tube assemblies. SAE J2551 has been organized into three sections as follows: 1. SAE J2551-1 - Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and
9、High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 1: Design and Fabrication 2. SAE J2551-2 Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 2: General Specifications and Performance Requirements 3. SAE J2551-3 Recommended Practic
10、es for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 3: Procurement This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to consider when designing and fabricating carbon, alloy and high strength low alloy steel tube assemblies for fluid power and general a
11、pplications. It is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. Experienced designers and users skilled in achieving proper results, as well as the less experienced, may use this outline as a list of recommendations to consider during the design and fabrication process. Flu
12、id power systems are complex and require extensive knowledge of both the system requirements and the various types of tube. Therefore, all-inclusive, detailed, step-by-step instructions are not practical and are beyond the scope of this document. Less experienced designers and users who need more in
13、formation may consult specialists such as experienced tube designers and fabricators. This guide may improve the communication process. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2551-1 Iss
14、ued FEB2013 Page 2 of 42 Following this document is highly recommended by the participating SAE/ISO organizations and their members. Adherence to these guidelines may assure the users they will create tube assemblies that can be efficiently manufactured, conveniently packaged/shipped, proficiently i
15、nstalled on their equipment, will perform adequately and safer to established industry standards and they will be using common practices and components that may be easily serviced anywhere globally. Safety Considerations - These documents include considerations to facilitate safer conditions when th
16、ese products are in use; note these carefully during all phases of design and use of the tube assemblies. Improper selection, fabrication, installation, or maintenance of tube assemblies for fluid-power systems may result in serious personal injury or property damage. Adherence to these recommended
17、practices could reduce the likelihood of component or system failure, thereby reducing the risk of injury or damage. The application of hydraulic tubing with fluids under pressure exposes users to risk due to mechanical or injection hazards and the environment to contamination from leakage. Users ar
18、e reminded to consider the proper selection of components, fabrication of tubes, installation and maintenance procedures to address this potential risk. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 1.1 Purpose . 4 1.2 Field of Application 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.2 Related Publications 6 3. DE
19、FINITIONS . 8 4. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS . 15 5. TUBE SIZING, TUBE CONNECTION SELECTION, AND ROUTINGS . 15 5.1 Unusual Applications . 15 5.2 Sizing . 15 5.3 Tube and End Connection Selection . 16 5.4 Environment 26 5.5 Routings 26 6. TUBE DESIGN, DIMENSIONING, TOLERANCES, AND INSPECTION 29 6.1 Tube De
20、sign 29 6.2 Developed Length and Maximum Recommended Tube Length . 29 6.3 Hard Point Tolerancing and Inspection (not recommended) 31 6.4 Least Squares Best Fit Tolerancing and Inspection (recommended) . 33 6.5 Types of Inspection Methods 35 7. TUBE AND TUBE ASSEMBLY FABRICATION 36 7.1 Tube Bending 3
21、6 7.2 Tube End Cold Forming 37 7.3 Recommended Straight Lengths . 37 7.4 Ovality and Flattening 38 7.5 Wall Thinning 38 7.6 Buckling . 38 7.7 Marking 38 8. TUBE CLEANLINESS . 38 8.1 Compatibility of Process Coolants and Lubricants 38 8.2 Cleaning Compatibility . 38 8.3 Contamination . 39 8.4 Workman
22、ship 39 8.5 CORROSION PROTECTION . 40 8.6 Coatings 41 8.7 Residual Magnetic Fields 41 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2551-1 Issued FEB2013 Page 3 of 42 9. UNINTENDED USES 42 9.1
23、 System Fluids Compatibility 42 9.2 Serviceability Issues 42 9.3 Mechanical Load Carrying Applications 42 10. NOTES 42 10.1 Marginal Indicia . 42 TABLE 1 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF METRIC SIZE HYDRAULIC STEEL TUBING LISTED IN ISO 10763 . 17 TABLE 2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF INCH SIZE SAE HYDRAULIC STEEL
24、TUBING LISTED IN SAE J1065 . 18 TABLE 3 END CONNECTOR JOINING METHODS 19 TABLE 4 BENT TUBE SUGGESTED STRAIGHT LENGTH POSITION TOLERANCE ZONES LISTED BY METRIC BLANK LENGTHS 30 FIGURE 1 SAE J1453/ISO 8434 PART 3 O-RING FACE SEAL CONNECTION AND OPTIONAL MANUFACTURING METHODS. FOR USE IN SYSTEMS UP TO
25、63 MPA (9000 PSI), SEE ISO 8434 PART 3 FOR WORKING PRESSURES, O-RING SEAL INTERFACE HELPS PROVIDE LEAK FREE CONNECTIONS . 20 FIGURE 2 SAE J514/ISO 8434 PART 2 - 37 DEGREE FLARED CONNECTION AND OPTIONAL MANUFACTURING METHODS. FOR USE IN SYSTEMS UP TO 35 MPA (5000 PSI), SEE ISO/SAE J514/8434 PART 2 FO
26、R APPLICABLE WORKING PRESSURES FOR VARIOUS TUBE SIZES, METAL TO METAL SEALING INTERFACE 21 FIGURE 3 45 DEGREE FLARED CONNECTION TYPICALLY USED FOR AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS, CONTACT SUPPLIER FOR WORKING PRESSURE, METAL TO METAL SEALING INTERFACE 22 FIGURE 4 SAE J1231 FORMED BEADED TUBE ENDS TYPICALLY USED F
27、OR SUCTION LINES, CONTACT SUPPLIER FOR PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 23 FIGURE 5 ISO 8434 PART 4 - 24 DEGREE CONE CONNECTION WITH WELD-ON NIPPLE FOR USE IN SYSTEMS UP TO 63 MPA (9000 PSI), SEE ISO 8434 PART 4 - FOR APPLICABLE WORKING PRESSURES FOR VARIOUS TUBE SIZES, METAL TO METAL AND ELASTOMERIC SEALIN
28、G INTERFACE HELP PROVIDE LEAK FREE CONNECTIONS . 23 FIGURE 6 ISO 8434 PART 1/SAE J514 - 24 DEGREE CONE COMPRESSION CONNECTION - FOR USE IN SYSTEMS UP TO 63 MPA (9000 PSI), SEE ISO 8434 PART 1/SAE J514 FOR APPLICABLE WORKING PRESSURES FOR VARIOUS TUBE SIZES, METAL TO METAL SEALING INTERFACE . 24 FIGU
29、RE 7 SAE J518/ISO 6162 4-BOLT FLANGE CONNECTION, FOR USE WITH SPLIT OR CAPTIVE 4-BOLT FLANGES IN SYSTEMS UP TO 41.4 MPA (6000 PSI), SEE ISO 6162/SAE J518 FOR WORKING PRESSURES FOR VARIOUS TUBE SIZES. ELASTOMERIC SEAL INTERFACE HELPS PROVIDE LEAK FREE CONNECTIONS . 25 FIGURE 8 SAE J2044 QUICK CONNECT
30、 COUPLING, FOR USE WITH SUPPLY, RETURN, AND VAPOR/EMISSION FUEL SYSTEM CONNECTIONS . 26 FIGURE 9 ADEQUATE TUBE SUPPORTS AND CLAMP SPACING GUIDELINES TESTS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE OVERALL SYSTEM VIBRATION TO PREDICT ADEQUATE SERVICE LIFE . 27 FIGURE 10 ROUTING BETWEEN FIXED POINTS 28 FIGU
31、RE 11 HARD POINT AND BEST FIT VIEWS 32 FIGURE 12 EXAMPLE OF BEST FIT GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING FORMAT 34 FIGURE 13 TYPICAL TUBE DESIGN CONCEPT TO AVOID 180 DEGREE BENDS 36 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
32、nse from IHS-,-,-SAE J2551-1 Issued FEB2013 Page 4 of 42 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose These recommended practices provide general recommendations for designing and fabricating carbon, alloy and high strength low alloy steel tube assemblies for fluid power applications utilizing commonly available manufactur
33、ing methods and general guidelines for tube selection and application. 1.2 Field of Application These recommended practices are intended for general application and hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. Aircraft and Aerospace applications were not considered during the p
34、reparation of this document. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, these recommended practices should not be construed as guaranteed minimums. For any application, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and revi
35、ewed by both the user and supplier to ensure that required performance levels are met. For use of these recommended practices and connectors in conditions outside the pressure and temperature of limits specified, the fabricator should be consulted. Both metric and inch tubing should be considered to
36、 accommodate hydraulic system design requirements. In the past, these requirements have been met predominantly with inch tubing; for new designs, metric tubing should be considered. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent spec
37、ified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J512 Autom
38、otive Tube Fittings SAE J514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings SAE J518 Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe, and Hose Connections, Four-Bolt Split Flange Type SAE J533 Flares for Tubing SAE J836 Automotive Metallurgical Joining SAE J1065 Nominal Reference Working Pressures for Steel Hydraulic Tubing SAE J1231 Formed
39、 Tube Ends for Hose Connections and Hose Fittings SAE J1273 Recommended Practices for Hydraulic Hose Assemblies Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2551-1 Issued FEB2013 Page 5 of 42
40、 SAE J1453-1 Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 1 - Tube Connection Details and Common Requirements for Performance and Tests SAE J1453-2 Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 2 - Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves,
41、Caps, and Connectors with ISO 6149-2 Metric Stud Ends SAE J1453-3 Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 3 - Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Connectors, Caps, and Connectors with SAE J1926-2 Inch Stud Ends SAE J2044 Quick Connect
42、Coupling Specification for Liquid Fuel and Vapor/Emissions Systems SAE J2551-2 Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 2: General Specifications and Performance Requirements SAE J2551-3 Recommended Practices for Fluid Conduct
43、or Carbon, Alloy and High Strength Low Alloy Steel Tubing Applications-Part 3: Procurement SAE J2593 Information Report for the Installation of Fluid Conductors and Connectors SAE J2613 Welded Flash Controlled, High Strength Low Alloy Steel Hydraulic Tubing, Sub-Critically Annealed for Bending, Doub
44、le Flaring, and Bending SAE J2614 Welded and Cold-Drawn, High Strength Low Alloy Steel Hydraulic Tubing, Sub-Critically Annealed for Bending and Flaring SAE J2832 Welded Flash Controlled, High Strength (690 MPa Tensile Strength) Low Alloy Steel Hydraulic Tubing, Stress Relieved Annealed for Bending
45、and Double Flaring SAE J2833 Welded and Cold-Drawn, High Strength (690 MPa Tensile Strength) Low Alloy Steel Hydraulic Tubing, Stress Relieved Annealed for Bending and Flaring 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute , 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002,
46、Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3304 Plain end seamless precision steel tubes - Technical conditions for delivery ISO 3305 Plain end welded precision steel tubes - Technical conditions for delivery ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid p
47、articles ISO 6162-1 Hydraulic fluid power - Flange connectors with split or one-piece flange clamps and metric or inch screws - Part 1: Flange connectors for use at pressures of 3.5 MPa (35 Bar) to 35 MPa (350 Bar), DN 13 to DN127 ISO 6162-2 Hydraulic fluid power - Flange connectors with split or on
48、e-piece flange clamps and metric or inch screws - Part 2: Flange connectors for use at pressures of 35 MPa (350 Bar) to 40 MPA (400 Bar), DN 13 to DN 51 ISO 8434-1 Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use - Part 1: 24 Compression connectors ISO 8434-2 Metallic tube connections for f
49、luid power and general use - Part 2: 37 Flared connectors ISO 8434-3 Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use - Part 3: O-ring face seal connectors ISO 8434-4 Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use - Part 4: 24 Cone connectors with o-ring weld-on nipples Copyright SAE International Pro
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