SAE J 2714-2015 Gasoline Direct Injection Pump.pdf

1、SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2714 FEB2015 Issued 2015-02 Gasoline Direct Injection Pump RATIONALE This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the evaluation and qualification tests conducted on fuel pumps used in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine applications. TABLE OF CONTENT

2、S 1. SCOPE 2 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 3. BASIC DEFINITIONS 4 4. STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS AND PARAMETER FLUCTUATION LIMITS . 7 4.1 Test Fluid 7 4.2 Fluid Temperature . 7 4.3 Pump Inlet Pressure 7 4.4 Pump Outlet Pressure . 7 4.5 Pump Speed . 7 5. TEST EQUIPMENT . 7 5.1 Leakage Test

3、Equipment 7 5.2 Performance Test Bench 7 5.3 Noise Test Bench 9 5.4 Environmental Test Chambers . 10 5.5 Vibration 10 5.6 Durability Test Bench 11 5.7 Cyclic Corrosion Chamber 12 6. PUMP FUNCTIONAL TESTING . 12 6.1 Pump Leakage 12 6.2 Drying Procedure 12 6.3 Helium Leakage Test Procedure 12 6.4 Fuel

4、 to oil leakage test procedure using FID 12 6.5 Drying procedure . 13 6.6 FID Leakage Test Procedure 13 6.7 Basic Pump Performance Testing 14 6.8 Additional Characterization . 15 6.9 Noise Measurement 16 7. DURABILITY TESTING 18 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is pub

5、lished by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technic

6、al report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitt

7、ed, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB

8、 ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2714_201502 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 2 of 40 7.1 Background . 18 7.2 Test Equipment . 18 7.3 Durability Test Procedure 18 7.4 Speed

9、Cycling . 19 7.5 Speed Cycling In Different Fluids 20 7.6 Extreme Operating Temperature (Accelerated Wear) 20 8. PUMP INTEGRITY TESTING . 21 8.1 Pressure Testing . 21 8.2 Fluid Compatibility - Internal . 21 8.3 Salt Spray Corrosion . 22 8.4 Environmental Tests . 24 8.5 Vibration 26 8.6 Mechanical Sh

10、ock . 27 9. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 27 9.1 Statistical Data Analysis 27 9.2 Presentation Of Data . 27 10. NOTES 28 10.1 Marginal Indicia . 28 APPENDIX A BLOCK DIAGRAM 29 APPENDIX B EXTERNAL LEAKAGE DATA SHEET 30 APPENDIX C INTERNAL LEAKAGE DATA SHEET . 31 APPENDIX D BASIC PERFORMANCE DATA SHE

11、ET . 32 APPENDIX E ADDITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION DATA SHEET . 34 APPENDIX F NOISE MEASUREMENTS DATA SHEET 36 APPENDIX G DURABILITY MEASUREMENTS DATA SHEET 37 APPENDIX H EXTERNAL CORROSION DATA SHEET 39 APPENDIX I ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS DATA SHEET . 40 FIGURE 1 PUMP PERFORMANCE TEST STAND . 8 FIGURE 2 SOU

12、ND MEASUREMENT SETUP WITH AN INTEGRATED MOTOR IN AN ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURE 9 FIGURE 3 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR THE PUMP NOISE CHARACTERIZATION TEST FIXTURE 10 FIGURE 4 DURABILITY TEST STAND EXAMPLE . 11 FIGURE 5 INTERNAL LEAKAGE TEST FIXTURE EXAMPLE 14 FIGURE 6 THERMAL CYCLING TEMPERATURE PROFILE . 25 FIGU

13、RE 7 VIBRATION TEST SPEED CYCLE EXAMPLE 26 TABLE 1 SPEED CYCLING TABLE. 19 TABLE 2 EXTREME TEMPERATURE CYCLING TABLE . 20 TABLE 3 TEST FLUIDS FOR EXTERNAL COMPATIBILITY 24 TABLE 4 THERMAL CYCLING TABLE . 25 1. SCOPE The scope of this Recommended Practice is limited to gasoline fuel pumps used in aut

14、omotive direct fuel injection systems. It is primarily restricted to bench tests. This SAE Recommended Practice also defines the minimum design verification testing that is recommended to verify the suitability of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) High Pressure fuel pumps used for pumping gasoline or

15、gasoline blend fuels. Additional tests not specified in SAE J2714 will be required for non-automotive pump applications or pumps, such as those intended for use on aircraft, motorcycles, or marine equipment. Except where stated, test results are recorded for individual parts under recommended test c

16、onditions. Where population characteristics are reported, the sample size, selection method, and statistical analysis technique must be explicitly stated. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 3 of 40 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specifi

17、cation to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), ww

18、w.sae.org. SAE J310 Automotive Lubricating Greases SAE J312 Automotive Gasoline SAE J814 Engine Coolants SAE J1297 Alternative Automotive Fuels SAE J1537 Validation Testing of Electric Fuel Pumps for Gasoline Fuel Injection Systems SAE J1681 Gasoline, Alcohol, and Diesel Fuel Surrogates for Material

19、s Testing SAE J1747 Recommended Methods of Conducting Corrosion Tests in Gasoline/Methanol Fuel Mixtures 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org ASTM B117 Standard Practice for

20、Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM D56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester ASTM D86 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure ASTM D128 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Lubricating Grease ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Ki

21、nematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (The Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) ASTM D471 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect of Liquid ASTM D893 Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils ASTM D1298 Standard Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific G

22、ravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method ASTM D1744 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fisher Reagent ASTM D4806 Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Us

23、e as an Automotive Fuel ASTM D4814 Standard Specification for Automotive Spark Ignition Engine Fuel SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 4 of 40 2.1.3 CFR Publications Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. (www.frwebgate;access.

24、gpo.gov) 40CFR 86.113 Control of Emissions from New and in-use Highway Vehicles and Engines Fuel Specifications 49CFR571.116 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids 2.1.4 U.S. Government Publications Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Ph

25、iladelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6396, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/. MIL-STD-2165 Military Standard Testability Program for Electrical Systems and Equipment MIL-STD-810 Environmental Considerations and Laboratory Tests 3. BASIC DEFINITIONS The following are parameters that define the basic func

26、tional characteristics of the GDI fuel pump. 3.1 PUMP STATIC FLOW (QSTATIC) The flow through a non-rotating pump assembly with the pumping element(s) positioned to allow fluid to pass directly from the pump inlet through the pump outlet. Any control valve must be held in the full-open position. The

27、pump static flow is created by the supply pump pressure, PIN and is expressed in (cm3/s). 3.2 PUMP INLET PRESSURE (PIN) The pressure as supplied by the low pressure, in-tank fuel pump that operates in conjunction with the GDI pump. This is sometimes referred to as the lift pump pressure or supply pr

28、essure. It is measured at the GDI pump inlet and is expressed in (kPa). A minimum inlet pressure must be maintained so that fluid in the pump remains in the liquid state at high temperatures to avoid cavitation. 3.3 PUMP OUTLET PRESSURE (POUT) The pressure supplied by the GDI pump measured at the pu

29、mp outlet, and is expressed in (kPa). 3.4 MAXIMUM SYSTEM PRESSURE (PMAX) Also referred to as Maximum Working Pressure, is the maximum pressure to which the GDI pump assembly will be commanded during normal operation. The Maximum System Pressure is expressed in (kPa). 3.5 MINIMUM SYSTEM PRESSURE (PMI

30、N) Also referred to as Minimum Working Pressure, is the minimum pressure to which the GDI pump assembly will be commanded during normal operation. The Minimum System Pressure is expressed in (kPa). 3.6 PROOF PRESSURE (PPF) A test pressure applied to the GDI pump to verify structural integrity. No pe

31、rmanent deformation or leakage is permitted at this pressure and the GDI pump must function normally subsequent to this test. The proof pressure is 2.0 times PMAX, and is expressed in (kPa). 3.7 BURST PRESSURE (PB) Test pressure applied to the GDI pump resulting in permanent deformation or external

32、leakage, but without sudden ruptures. Burst Pressure is expressed in (kPa). SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 5 of 40 3.8 PUMP OUTLET PRESSURE FLUCTUATION (POUTF) The maximum fluctuation of pressure at the pump outlet measured while operating the pump at a specified condition. It is expres

33、sed in units of (kPa). POUTF is the difference between the maximum and minimum instantaneous pressure values observed over a minimum of 10 full pump cycles. 3.9 PUMP INLET PRESSURE FLUCTUATION (PINF) The maximum fluctuation of pressure at the pump inlet measured while operating the pump at a given c

34、ondition. It is expressed in units of (kPa). PINF is the difference of the maximum and minimum instantaneous pressure values observed over a minimum of 10 full pump cycles. 3.10 NORMAL OPERATING PRESSURE (PNORM) Normal Operating Pressure is the average pressure to which the GDI pump will be commande

35、d during normal operation and is used to establish the dynamic characteristics. Normal Operating Pressure is expressed in (kPa). 3.11 PUMP DISPLACEMENT (VD) The Displacement of the pump is the theoretical volume displaced per pump drive shaft revolution. The displacement is dependent only upon the p

36、hysical dimensions of the pumping elements. It is a volume expressed in cm3per cam revolution. A variable displacement pump should be rated at its maximum displacement. For example, for a piston type pump the equation would be: VD = Number of pumping pistons x Number of lobes on cam x piston displac

37、ement (Eq. 1) 3.12 PUMP SPEED (NP) The speed of a pump is the number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the drive shaft of the pump. 3.13 RATED SPEED (NRATED) Rated Speed is the speed of the pump corresponding to the engine speed operating at maximum power. The rated speed is application specific an

38、d is expressed in units of RPM. 3.14 MAXIMUM SPEED (NMAX) Maximum Speed is the highest speed of the pump attainable without sustaining permanent damage. It is expressed in units of RPM. 3.15 ENGINE CRANK SPEED (NCRANK) Engine Crank Speed is the speed representing a typical pump shaft speed during an

39、 engine starting operation. The engine crank speed for this recommended practice is 100 RPM. 3.16 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (PDIF) Differential Pressure is the difference between the pressure of the fluid at the outlet port (POUT) and the pressure at the inlet port (PIN). Differential Pressure is expres

40、sed in (kPa). The equation for PDIF is: PDIF = POUT - PIN (Eq. 2) 3.17 PUMP VOLUMETRIC CAPACITY (QP) The capacity of a pump is the volume of fluid actually delivered per pump shaft revolution, including both liquid and any dissolved or entrained gases, under stated operating conditions. Pump Volumet

41、ric Capacity is expressed in (cm3/cam rev). SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 6 of 40 3.18 PUMP VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY (EV) The Volumetric Efficiency is the ratio of the pump volumetric capacity (actual output) to the pump displacement (theoretical output) at a given operating condition. Th

42、e formula for computing pump volumetric efficiency (%) is: EV = QP / VD * 100% (Eq. 3) 3.19 DRIVE TORQUE (TODRIVE) The measured time-integrated mean torque required to rotate the pump drive shaft at a given operating condition. It is measured in units of N-m. Torque fluctuates instantaneously so TOD

43、RIVE must be determined over a minimum of 10 full pump cycles. 3.20 TORQUE PULSATION (TOP) The maximum fluctuation of torque measured while rotating the pump drive shaft at a given operating condition. It is expressed in units of N-m. Torque pulsation is the difference of the maximum and minimum ins

44、tantaneous torque values observed over a minimum of 10 full pump cycles. 3.21 INPUT POWER (BP, brake power) The input pump power is the power delivered to the pump drive shaft, under stated operating conditions of the pump. The equation for Input Power is: Input Power kW = TODRIVE N-m x NP RPM x 1.0

45、47 x 10-4(Eq. 4) 3.22 OUTPUT POWER (WP) The Output pump power (hydraulic power) is the power imparted by the pump to the fluid discharged from the pump, under stated operating conditions of the pump. It is less than the Input power by the amount of power loss in the pump. The equation for Output Pow

46、er is: Output Power kW = QP cm3/rev x NP RPM x POUT kPa x 1.6667 x 10-8(Eq. 5) 3.23 PUMP MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY (EM) Pump Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of the pump output power (determined from flow and pressure measurements) to the pump input power (determined from pump torque and speed measure

47、ments). The equation for Pump Mechanical Efficiency (%) is: EM = WP / BP * 100% (Eq. 6) 3.24 PUMP CONTROL VALVE DELIVERY ANGLE (CVDA) CVDA is the angular value of the pump shaft revolution at which the control valve is commanded to deliver fuel. It is expressed in units of degrees relative to top de

48、ad center or bottom dead center of the cam lobe depending on control valve driver conventions. 3.25 CRANK PRESSURE RISE TIME (PCRT) The time, measured in seconds, for a pump to achieve PNORM with PIN at 400 kPa while rotating at NCRANK. 3.26 INLET TEMPERATURE (TIN) The Inlet Temperature is the fuel

49、temperature measured at the inlet of the GDI pump. TIN is expressed in degrees Celsius. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2714 Issued FEB2015 Page 7 of 40 3.27 OUTLET TEMPERATURE (TOUT) The Outlet Temperature is the fuel temperature measured at the outlet of the GDI pump. TOUT is expressed in degrees Celsius. 3.28 PUMP HOUSING LEAKAGE RATE (QLEAK-HOUSING) The Pump Housing Leakage Rate is the rate at which liquid fuel leaks past the pump struc