1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org J2758 ISSUED APR2007 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 2007-04 Determination of the Maximum Available Power from a Rechargeable Energy Storage System on a Hybrid Electric Vehicle RATIONALE Not applicable. T
5、ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose. 2 2. REFERENCES 2 2.1 Related Publications . 2 2.1.1 Other Publications. 2 3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS. 2 3.1 Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) . 2 3.2 Vmax . 2 3.3 Vmin 2 3.4 Vmax-pulse . 2 3.5 Vmin-pulse 2 3.6 Imax. 3 3.7 Icc 3 3.8 Rated Capacity 3
6、3.9 C1/1 Rate. 3 3.10 State of Charge (SOC) 3 3.11 Constant Current (CC) 3 3.12 Constant Voltage (CV) 3 3.13 Constant Power (CP) 3 3.14 Test Temperature (TT) 3 4. TEST DESCRIPTION . 3 4.1 Test Conditions . 3 4.1.1 Test Article 3 4.1.2 Environmental Temperature . 3 4.2 Test Preparation 3 4.2.1 Pertin
7、ent Information Required. 4 4.2.2 Battery Preparation . 4 4.2.3 Peak Power Test Procedure. 5 4.2.4 Calculation of Predicted Peak Power . 6 4.2.5 Correction or Confirmation of Predicted Peak Power Value. 7 SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 2 - 1. SCOPE This document describes a test procedure for rating pea
8、k power of the Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) used in a combustion engine Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). Other types of vehicles with non fossil fuel primary engines, such as fuel cells, are not intended to use this test procedure. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a
9、test procedure to determine RESS peak power so that a vehicles ratio of RESS peak power rating to the sum of the Internal Combustion Engine power rating and the RESS peak power rating can be established. Because of the vehicle-specific nature of the RESS control and environment, this test is designe
10、d to calculate the RESS peak power for a specific vehicle. As a result, the same RESS used in a different vehicle must be retested to determine its peak power rating in the new HEV environment. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes an
11、d are not a required part of this document. 2.1.1 Other Publications USABC (United States Advance Battery Consortium) Electric Vehicle Battery Test Procedures Manual, Rev 2, DOE/ID-10479, Jan. 1996 FreedomCAR Battery Test Manual for Power-Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles, DOE/ID-11069, Oct. 2003 3. D
12、EFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS 3.1 Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) A device that can be used to store, charge, or discharge electrical energy on board a vehicle, such as batteries and ultracapacitors. 3.2 Vmax The smaller of the RESS steady-state maximum voltage and vehicle maximum allowable DC-l
13、ink bus voltage that can be sustained indefinitely. 3.3 Vmin The larger of the RESS steady-state minimum voltage and vehicle minimum allowable DC-Link bus voltage that can be sustained indefinitely. 3.4 Vmax-pulse The smaller of the RESS maximum pulse voltage and vehicle maximum allowable DC-Link pu
14、lse voltage. The maximum pulse voltage is the voltage above Vmax that can be sustained for at least 10 seconds. 3.5 Vmin-pulse The larger of the RESS minimum pulse voltage and vehicle minimum allowable DC-Link pulse voltage. The minimum pulse voltage is the voltage below Vmin that can be sustained f
15、or at least 10 seconds SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 3 - 3.6 Imax The smaller of the RESS maximum current, as provided by the battery manufacturer, and the maximum allowable current on the vehicle DC-link. 3.7 Icc The value of the current defined as the minimum of either the Imax or 20 times C1/1 Rate.
16、 3.8 Rated Capacity Total Amphours (Ah) discharged at a Constant Current (CC) such that the RESS decreases from 100% to 0% state-of-charge (SOC) in one hour as provided by the battery manufacturer. 3.9 C1/1 Rate The CC at which the total RESS rated capacity is removed in 1 hour as provided by the ba
17、ttery manufacturer. 3.10 State of Charge (SOC) Percentage of Amphours (Ah) remaining in RESS at C1/1 rate relative to the static capacity as described in 4.2.2.1. 3.11 Constant Current (CC) A value of electrical current held constant. 3.12 Constant Voltage (CV) A value of electrical voltage held con
18、stant. 3.13 Constant Power (CP) A value of electrical power held constant. 3.14 Test Temperature (TT) A reasonably controlled temperature environment, also known as room temperature, defined as 26 C+3 C. 4. TEST DESCRIPTION 4.1 Test Conditions 4.1.1 Test Article The test shall be performed at the pa
19、ck level. To allow complete control of the SOC, the RESS Controller may be disabled for the duration of the test by the least intrusive means possible. 4.1.2 Environmental Temperature The test shall be performed at Test Temperature (TT) as defined in 3.14. 4.2 Test Preparation Unless otherwise noted
20、, with the exception of temperature, all measurements and calculations should be to two significant digits (to the right of decimal point) at the indicated units. For temperature, an integer value will suffice. SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 4 - 4.2.1 Pertinent Information Required Before beginning the
21、test, the following vehicle specific information shall be gathered, which will be used to either configure the test or for calculation of the results. 4.2.1.1 Vehicle-Specific Target SOC The Vehicle-Specific Target SOC is the SOC at which the battery spends most of its time during vehicle operation
22、as determined by the HEV OEM. The vehicle master controller aims at keeping the battery at this SOC to accommodate multiple objectives of the vehicle design, including but not limited to: Availability of required discharge and charge pulse power at all times Life of the battery Fuel economy Performa
23、nce objectives As a result, depending on vehicle design objectives, the same RESS could have a different target SOC in different vehicle makes and brands. The Target SOC of the RESS for the specific vehicle will be used as the SOC at which the peak power capability of the RESS is measured 4.2.1.2 Ve
24、hicle Minimum and Maximum Steady-state and Pulse Operating Voltages These voltages are vehicle specific and shall be provided by the vehicle manufacturer. 4.2.1.3 Peak Power Constant-Current (CC) Pulse Test The peak power capability of the RESS will be calculated from a 10-second CC Pulse of magnitu
25、de Icc, as defined in 3.7. 4.2.2 Battery Preparation A critical element of preparing the RESS for peak power testing is to make sure the RESS is at the proper SOC and at TT prior to starting the test. In order to get the RESS to the proper target SOC, the capacity of the RESS needs to be established
26、. 4.2.2.1 RESS Static Capacity Test Procedure The following test procedure is recommended to establish a reference capacity called RESS Static Capacity and designated as RESS_STATIC_CAPACITY in ampere-hours. Steps 1 through 5 involve the procedure for discharging and then fully charging the RESS to
27、full capacity and allowing it to relax at that state for 1 hour. These steps should be replaced by manufacturer-specific procedures in cases where there is a potential risk to personnel, or damage to the RESS, or respective test equipments. Once the RESS attained the full SOC and relaxed at that sta
28、te for at least 1 hour, the RESS Static Capacity shall then be determined as the ampere-hours discharged from the voltage Vmax as defined in 3.2 to Vmin as defined in 3.3 at C1/1 rate (steps 7 through 9). The RESS shall be soaked at TT for at least 24 hours prior to the test. 1. Discharge CC at C1/1
29、 Rate until Vmin is reached. 2. Rest at open-circuit one hour. 3. Charge CC at C1/1 Rate until Vmax is reached. 4. Charge Constant Voltage (CV) at Vmax until the current drops below 0.10 A. 5. Rest at open-circuit for 1 hour at TT prior to starting the test. SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 5 - 6. Dischar
30、ge the RESS from this state at C1/1 Rate until Vmin is reached. 7. Determine RESS Static Capacity as the constant discharge current in amps (i.e. C1/1 rate) multiplied by the time in hours it took to reach Vmin. This quantity is the initial RESS Static Capacity. 8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 of the st
31、atic capacity test 3 times and record the capacity for each trial. 9. The final RESS Static Capacity will be the average of the 3 measurements. 4.2.2.2 Bringing RESS to Target SOC To prepare the RESS for testing, the SOC of the RESS must be set to the Vehicle-Specific Target State of Charge. 1. Repe
32、at steps 1 through 5 in 4.2.2.1 to bring the RESS to the SOC at Vmax. Use manufacturer-specific procedures as outlined in 4.2.2.1 to bring the RESS to Vmax in case they are different. 2. Remove the number of ampere-hours (Ah) corresponding to the target SOC at C1/1 Rate. The number of Ah or capacity
33、 to be removed is calculated as: ()100100_TARGETSOCCAPACITYSTATICRESSREMOVETOCAPACITY= (Eq. 1) While the time to discharge (in hours) this capacity is calculated as: RATECREMOVETOCAPACITYDISCHARGETOTIME_1_ =(Eq. 2) The procedure ends when the required capacity is removed. 4.2.3 Peak Power Test Proce
34、dure 1. Rest 1 hour minimum after bringing the RESS to target SOC. 2. Measure the Open Circuit Voltage of the RESS and record its value as V1. 3. Apply a 10-second discharge Constant-Current Pulse of the magnitude Icc and measure the voltage response of the RESS with a 0.10 second time resolution. 4
35、. Record the voltage value as soon as the current reaches the maximum value (the current is fully ramped up) of the 10-second discharge pulse as V2, and at the conclusion (before the current ramps down) of the 10-second pulse as V3 (Refer to Figure 1). SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 6 - FIGURE 1 - CURRE
36、NT, VOLTAGE, AND POWER WAVEFORMS DURING THE 10-SECOND TEST 4.2.4 Calculation of Predicted Peak Power 1. Verify Constant Current (Icc) From the recorded current values verify that the current was held to the Icc value. 2. Verify the values of V2 and V3 Verify V2 and V3 were recorded correctly, as def
37、ined in 4.2.3. 3. Calculate Average Resistance from Recorded Test Values Using the recorded values from the testing, determine the Resistance (R) of the RESS from the following equation: IccVVVR +=2321(Eq. 3) 4. Maximum Sustainable Current Determine the maximum current RESS can provide for 10 second
38、s from target SOC without falling below voltage limit Vmin: 360100_ =TARGETSSOCCAPACITYSTATICRESSI (Eq. 4) Where Isis in amperes, RESS_STATIC_CAPACITY is in ampere-hours, and the constant 360 has the unit of (1/h) SAE J2758 Issued APR2007 - 7 - 5. Peak Power Current Pulse Calculate the current corre
39、sponding to the 10second peak power pulse from target SOC: RVVIPULSEMINP=1(Eq. 5) 6. Determine peak current subject to maximum current and capacity constraints: ()max, IIIMinIPSPEAK=(Eq. 6) 7. Determine average voltage during the constrained 10s peak current pulse PEAKPEAKIRVV =1(Eq. 7) 8. Calculati
40、on of Peak Power Calculate the Predicted Peak Power PPEAKvalue from the following equation: PEAKPEAKPEAKIVP =(Eq. 8) 4.2.5 Correction or Confirmation of Predicted Peak Power Value The calculated or predicted value of the RESS peak power as described in 4.2.4 will be confirmed or otherwise corrected
41、if necessary, in this section. This is done by applying a 10-second constant-power (CP) discharge pulse to the RESS at the peak power value PPEAK calculated in Step 8 of 4.2.4 per following steps. a. Bring the RESS to the target SOC value using the procedure described in 4.2.2.2. b. Rest 1 hour mini
42、mum c. Set the test equipment for a CP discharge with a lower voltage limit of Vmin-pulse and a higher current limit of Imax (i.e., set for a CP discharge as long as RESS voltage remains at or above Vmin-pulse and current remains at or below Imax, with the ability to reduce power as necessary to cut
43、off voltage at Vmin-pulse or cutoff current at Imax when either of the voltage and/or current limits are reached). d. Apply a 10-second CP discharge pulse at the calculated peak power value. If either of the voltage and/or current limits are exceeded during the 10-second discharge pulse, the test eq
44、uipment will make a transition to reduce power accordingly so as to cutoff the voltage at Vmin-pulse or current at Imax, or both as needed for the remainder of the pulse period. e. The calculated peak power value is confirmed if RESS voltage remains at or above Vmin-pulse and the current remains at
45、or below Imax during the entire 10-second discharge pulse, In such a case a true constant-power discharge pulse at PPEAKwill be observed. Otherwise, i.e., when the voltage is cutoff at Vmin-pulse, or the current is cutoff at Imax, or both the pulse power will be reduced to observe the respective constraints. In such a case the peak power has to be corrected to the value corresponding to the average power over the 10-second pulse in step “d” above. PREPARED BY THE SAE J2758 HYBRID BATTERY TASK FORCE OF THE SAE HYBRID TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
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