1、SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2834 OCT2013 Issued 2013-10 Ride Index Structure and Development Methodology RATIONALE This recommended practice indicates the current state of technology regarding the relationship between the human to vehicle interface vibration magnitude and human discomfort.
2、 The appendix is concerned with providing a uniform and convenient method of indicating the subjective severity of the motion and vibration but does not present limits. It is in no way related to quantifying health and safety aspects of motion and vibration for which an entirely different methodolog
3、y would be needed. This methodology is intended to predict human sensitivity to motion and vibration for comparative purposes (i.e., condition A versus condition B) relative to a global (i.e., absolute) adjectival psychometric scale. See Appendix C for additional supporting rationale. FOREWORD This
4、new recommended practice was prepared by the SAE J6 Task Force as partial replacement for the SAE J6a “Ride and Vibration Data Manual”. This new recommended practice represents a substantial updating and expansion of state-of-the-art in ride development methods used compared to the J6a Ride Vibratio
5、n Data Manual which it partially replaces. The J6a Ride Vibration Data Manual was last revised by the SAE Vehicle Dynamics Committee in October 1965. It is no longer published by the SAE but is included in Appendix B of Gillespie (1992). INTRODUCTION This recommended practice is a method for develop
6、ing an objective model of human sensitivity to vibration due to road induced disturbances in the automotive driving environment (a.k.a., “ride”). This method is based on statistical analysis of a database of juried vehicle occupant discomfort ratings and measured acceleration at the various human to
7、 vehicle contact surfaces during representative over-the-road driving events with stationary or transient characteristics within the finite time period of interest. The database for this analysis should cover an array of roads, vehicles, raters and driving conditions that well represent the applicat
8、ion domain of interest. The recommended discomfort model is hierarchal in order to provide for allocation of performance objectives to various subsystems, ride diagnosis, and to reduce the statistical uncertainty of fitting a single stage model. The top level of the model expresses overall motion an
9、d discomfort as the weighted sum of several “interface” discomfort ratings. Each interface discomfort rating (e.g., seat back, steering wheel) is the weighted sum of the discomfort ratings for the various axes of vibration at that interface (typically vertical, lateral and longitudinal). The axis di
10、scomfort ratings are based on frequency weighted acceleration signals. The frequency response filters are primarily taken from ISO 2631-1. ISO 2631-1 is a very comprehensive and widely accepted standard for describing human sensitivity to vibration, but not specifically for the automotive driving en
11、vironment. It is as relevant for vibrations in a building environment as it is in the automotive driving environment. It is based on human subjects seated on a rigid flat seat and subjected to a single axis of vibration at a time without the distractions and ancillary sensations of driving. This rep
12、ort describes a method for developing a human sensitivity model based on data taken in an actual ride environment. _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely volun
13、tary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE inv
14、ites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
15、written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http
16、:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2834_201310 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2834 Issued OCT2013 Page 2 of 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose . 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.2 Related Publications . 4 3. DEFINITIONS . 5 4. SYMBOLS, SUBSCRIPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS . 6 4.1 Symbols 6 4.2 Su
17、bscripts . 6 5. SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE DATA REQUIREMENTS . 8 5.1 Psychometric Ratings for Human Sensitivity Data . 8 5.2 Objective Motion and Vibration Measurement 10 5.3 Processing of Vibration Data 12 5.4 Prediction of Discomfort Ratings . 19 5.5 Statistical Method for Determining the Ride Disco
18、mfort Models. 20 6. NOTES 24 6.1 Marginal Indicia . 24 APPENDIX A MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION OF THE FREQUENCY WEIGHTINGS 25 APPENDIX B OTHER PUBLICATIONS 27 APPENDIX C SUPPORTING RATIONALE . 31 FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE DISCOMFORT RATING SCALE DEVELOPED USING PSYCHOMETRIC METHODS . 5 FIGURE 2 BASICENTRIC AXES O
19、F THE HUMAN BODY . 8 FIGURE 3 FREQUENCY WEIGHTING CURVES FOR HUMAN DISCOMFORT WEIGHTINGS . 17 FIGURE 4 FREQUENCY WEIGHTING CURVE FOR STEERING WHEEL/HANDS DISCOMFORT WEIGHTING . 18 TABLE 1 GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF HUMAN DISCOMFORT FREQUENCY-WEIGHTING CURVES . 7 TABLE 2 HUMAN DISCOMFORT FREQUENCY
20、WEIGHTINGS IN ONE-THIRD OCTAVES 14 TABLE A.1 PARAMETERS OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF THE HUMAN DISCOMFORT FREQUENCY WEIGHTINGS . 25 FIGURE C.1 CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF RMQ/RMS RATIO FOR AN IDEAL STATIONARY GAUSSIAN RANDOM SIGNAL WITH N DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM 32 1. SCOPE This recommended pr
21、actice defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will cause discomfort. Informative appendices indicate the current state of knowledge and provide g
22、uidance on the possible effects of motion and vibration on discomfort. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz. This recommended practice also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. This recommended practice is applicable to ligh
23、t passenger vehicles (e.g., passenger cars and light trucks). This recommended practice is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the buttocks, back and feet of a seated occupant, as well as through the hands of a driver. This recommended practice offers a method for
24、developing a ride performance index but does not specifically describe how to apply this index to assessment or comparison of specific vehicles. NOTE: This recommended practice may also be applicable to other types of ground vehicles (e.g., medium and heavy duty road vehicles) with seated occupants
25、having similar seating posture, occupant/vehicle interfaces, and vibration magnitudes, frequencies, and durations as light passenger vehicles. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2834 Issued OCT2013 Page 3 of 32 1.1 Purpose The primary purpose of this recommended practice is to define methods of quantifying human se
26、nsitivity to occupant motion and vibration in passenger cars and light trucks based on objective measurements of acceleration and sound in order to simplify and standardize the reporting, comparison and assessment of motion and vibration conditions. It contains methods for the evaluation of vibratio
27、n containing occasional large peak values (i.e., having large crest factors). Human sensitivity is quantified in terms of predicted subjective discomfort levels, based on suitable psychometric and statistical methodologies. Passenger cars and light trucks and vans expose occupants to periodic, rando
28、m and transient mechanical vibration which can cause various levels of subjective discomfort. This recommended practice does not contain vibration exposure limits and does not address potential effects of motion and vibration on health and safety, or on motion sickness, which involve different pheno
29、mena. This recommended practice does not address the potential effects of intense vibration on human task performance since these involve different phenomena which depend critically on the biomechanical and ergonomic details related to the operator, the situation and the task. Appendix C provides ra
30、tionale for the assessment of human discomfort due to motion and vibration. More information may be obtained from the scientific literature, a portion of which is listed in 2.2.1 and Appendix B. Motion and vibration is often complex, contains many frequencies, occurs in several directions and change
31、s over time. The effects of motion and vibration on human discomfort may be manifold. Exposure to whole-body vibration causes a complex distribution of oscillatory motions and forces within the body. There can be large variations between subjects with respect to discomfort effects. Whole-body motion
32、 may cause sensations (e.g., discomfort or annoyance). The presence of oscillatory force (i.e., vibration) with little whole-body motion may cause similar effects. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute prov
33、isions of this recommended practice. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and users of this recommended practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Membe
34、rs of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J670 Vehicle Dynamics
35、 Terminology 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-749-01-11, www.iso.org. ISO 2041:2005 Vibration and shock - Vocabulary. ISO 5805:1997 Mechanical vibration and shock - Hum
36、an exposure - Vocabulary. 2.1.3 IEC Publications Available from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Verambe, P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-919-02-11, www.iec.ch. IEC 1260:1995 Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters. SAE INTERNATION
37、AL J2834 Issued OCT2013 Page 4 of 32 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Te
38、l: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1441 Subjective Rating Scale for Vehicle Handling SAE J1477 Measurement of Interior Sound Levels of Light Vehicles SAE 751009 The ISO Standard Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration,
39、von Gierke, H.E. SAE 860047 Evaluation of Vibration with Respect to Human Response, Griffin, M.J. SAE 942273 A Ride Metric System Utilized to Benchmark and Develop a Superior Riding Sport Utility Vehicle, Herric, T.J. SAE 980585 Correlation of Zwickers Loudness and Other Noise Metrics with Drivers O
40、ver-the-Road Transient Noise Discomfort, Van Auken, R.M., Zellner, J.W., Kunkel, D.T. SAE 1999-01-1796 Computer Synthesis of Light Truck Ride Using a PC Based Simulation Program, Mousseau, C.W., Karamihas, S., Gillespie, T., Sayers, M., et al. SAE 2005-01-2473 Equal Annoyance Contours for Steering W
41、heel Hand-Arm Vibration, Amman, S., Meier, R., Trost, K. and Gu, P. Gillespie, T.D., (1992) Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, SAE International, Warrendale, PA. 2.2.2 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20,
42、 Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-749-01-11, www.iso.org. ISO 2631-1:1997 Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: General requirements. ISO 5128:1980 Acoustics - Measurement of noise inside motor vehicles ISO 5349-1:2001 Mechanical vibration - Measurem
43、ent and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration - Part 1: General requirements. ISO 5349-2:2001 Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace. ISO 8041:2005 Human respon
44、se to vibration - Measuring instrumentation. ISO 8608:1995 Mechanical vibration - Road surface profiles - Reporting of measured data. ISO 10326-1:1992 Mechanical vibration - Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration - Part 1: Basic requirements. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2834 Issued OCT2013 P
45、age 5 of 32 2.2.3 Other Publications The references for these publications are listed in Appendix B. 3. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this recommended practice, the terms and definitions given in SAE J670, ISO 2041 and ISO 5805 apply. In addition, the following definitions apply. 3.1 MOTION Whole-
46、body dynamic movement of a human, periodic or aperiodic in nature, the frequency content of which is typically mainly at the lower end of the relevant frequency range (e.g., below 5 Hz). 3.2 PSYCHOMETRIC Pertaining to the measurement of the subjective impression of a person exposed to a given condit
47、ion, by requesting the person to place a mark on a vertical linear scale, which has a subjective title describing a psychological state (i.e., “discomfort”) and adjectives positioned along its length describing the intensity of the psychological state (e.g., “a little”), such adjectives being positi
48、oned from least at the top to most at the bottom, based on adjectival placement data previously collected using a suitable experimental protocol (see Figure 1). NoneDiscomfortTraceA LittleSomeModerateMuchStrongSeverePainfulFIGURE 1 - EXAMPLE DISCOMFORT RATING SCALE DEVELOPED USING PSYCHOMETRIC METHO
49、DS NOTE: A global, continuous, interval, adjectivally anchored psychometric rating scale is better suited for correlating large numbers of subjective ratings with objective measurements spanning a wide range of input levels than relative rating or threshold detection methods sometimes used in psychoacoustics research, which have different purposes. 3.3 ROUGH ROAD RIDE EVENT An over-the-road ride event which at a given vehicle sp
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