SAE J 2898-2012 Hydraulic Hybrid Terminology and Definitions《液压混合术语和定义》.pdf

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5、raulic Hybrid Terminology and Definitions RATIONALE This SAE Recommended Practice provides industry standard terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms to enable common terminology for diagnostic tools and publications. 1. SCOPE As the number of Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain equipped motor vehicl

6、es has increased, the number of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms which describe various components of these systems has increased. For the sake of industry standardization and to bring some order to the proliferation of such terms, abbreviations, and acronyms, the SAE Truck and Bus Hydraulic Hybri

7、d committee prepared this document. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 ACCUMULATOR CAPACITY (L) The internal volume of an accumulator that can hold a combination of liquid and gas. 2.2 ACCUMULATOR CYCLE The period commencing from the start of one pressure charge/discharge to the start of the next charge/discharge w

8、here said period includes discharge time, dwell time, and charge time. The depth of discharge (or percentage of capacity) associated with each cycle must be specified. 2.3 ACCUMULATOR CYCLE LIFE The number of cycles, each to specified discharge and charge termination criteria, that an accumulator ca

9、n undergo before reaching its specified end-of-life criteria. 2.4 ACCUMULATOR DISCHARGE The flow of fluid from a hydraulic accumulator. 2.5 ACCUMULATOR DISCHARGE PRESSURE LIMIT (kPa) The minimum pressure to which the high pressure accumulator may be operated SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 2 of 9 2.6

10、ACCUMULATOR DISCHARGE RATE (L/Min) The fluid flow rate during discharge of an accumulator. 2.7 ACCUMULATOR DRY WEIGHT (kg) The weight of the accumulator components with no hydraulic fluid or gas charge installed. 2.8 ACCUMULATOR EXTERIOR VOLUME (M3) The volume of fluid displaced if the accumulator i

11、s submerged. 2.9 ACCUMULATOR GAS CHARGING SYSTEM External equipment used to charge a hydraulic accumulator with gas (usually nitrogen). 2.10 ACCUMULATOR MAXIMUM PRESSURE (kPa) The maximum pressure within the accumulator certified by the manufacturer for repeated operation of the hydraulic system. 2.

12、11 ACCUMULATOR PRE-CHARGE PRESSURE (kPa) The pressure specified for initial charge of the accumulator with gas at ambient temperature (with no fluid present). 2.12 ACCUMULATOR SERVICE CRITERIA Specific performance characteristics that indicate the accumulator requires maintenance in order to perform

13、 its intended function to specification. 2.13 ACCUMULATOR SYSTEM Vessel or vessels with movable barrier separating gas from fluid, and including fluid port connector, gas charge valve, and other necessary or auxiliary valves. 2.14 ACCUMULATOR SYSTEM DENSITY (kg/L) This measurement is made based on T

14、he weight of the Accumulator System divided by external volume. 2.15 ACCUMULATOR WET WEIGHT (kg) The weight of the accumulator components including full hydraulic fluid and gas charge installed, at specified temperature and maximum accumulator pressure. 2.16 ALL HYDRAULIC RANGE (m) The distance a ve

15、hicle can drive in all hydraulic mode without engaging the Hybrid Power Unit (HPU) on a specific cycle. 2.17 ANTI-EXTRUSION VALVE The device that prevents an accumulator bladder from extruding as it reaches its full discharge state (Also called a foot valve). SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 3 of 9 2.1

16、8 AVERAGE POWER (kW) Total energy withdrawn (or returned) from (or to) an accumulator divided by the time of discharge (or charge). 2.19 BARRIER A component to separate the fluid and gas sides of an accumulator. 2.20 BREAKDOWN OF BARRIER MATERIAL A failure within an energy storage device that allows

17、 substantial mixing of gas and fluid. 2.21 CHARGE FITTING A device that establishes a flow path to the hydraulic system for the purpose of charging an accumulator or hydraulic system with fluid or gas. 2.22 CHARGE PROFILE The schedule used for charging an accumulator, usually defined by pressure, fl

18、ow, and time. 2.23 CHARGING Conversion of hydraulic kinetic energy into hydraulic potential energy achieved by applying a flow to the accumulator. 2.24 COOPERATIVE REGENERATIVE BRAKING Actively controlling the blending of hydraulic regenerative braking in coordination with the friction braking syste

19、m (typically used to maximize energy recovery while maintaining vehicle control). 2.25 DISCHARGING Conversion of hydraulic potential energy into hydraulic kinetic energy achieved by releasing a flow from the accumulator. 2.26 DISCHARGE PROFILE The schedule used for accumulator discharging that follo

20、ws a particular flow rate, pressure or power versus time sequence. 2.27 DRIVING PROFILE Some times called a Drive Cycle. A vehicle speed-versus-time schedule that is used to test a vehicle. 2.28 DYNAMIC CHARGE/DISCHARGE RATE (L/min) The fluid flow rate during operation of the accumulator. 2.29 ENERG

21、Y CAPACITY (kW-hr) See energy output. 2.30 ENERGY DENSITY (kW-hr/ m3) The rated energy of an accumulator (kW-hr) divided by the total accumulator external volume m3. SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 4 of 9 2.31 ACCUMULATOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY ROUND TRIP (%) The energy recovered during an accumulator disc

22、harge cycle divided by the energy required to charge the accumulator under specified test conditions. 2.32 ENERGY OUTPUT (kW-hr) The total kilowatt-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged accumulator under specified operating conditions (such as temperature, pressure, stand time, and discha

23、rge cutoff criteria). 2.33 ENGINE PUMP/MOTOR A hydraulic pump/motor that generates fluid power from the primary power source (usually an internal combustion engine). This device may be used to restart the primary power source. 2.34 ENGINE START/STOP The concept of automatically turning the engine of

24、f when possible and restarting the engine as required. As an example, turning the engine off when power demand is zero or negative, such as during a vehicle stop, and then restarting automatically as required. 2.35 EXCESSIVE FLOW PROTECTION DEVICE A valve, shunt, or other device placed in a hydrauli

25、c circuit to protect the hydraulic system from damage or leakage. (see Flow Fuse) 2.36 FITTING A fluid conduit that interfaces and seals one hydraulic component to another hydraulic component. 2.37 FLOW FUSE The device that terminates flow in the event of flow beyond design limit flow. 2.38 FLOW RAT

26、E (L/min) Flow capacity in liters per minute the component is designed to operate for a specified duty cycle. 2.39 FLUID CHARGE PROCEDURE The process used for filling the liquid side of the hydraulic system, including provisions for removing gas from the system. 2.40 FLUID PORT CONNECTOR Off-board c

27、omponent used to interface with the vehicle-mounted fluid port. This is the connector on the hose used to add or remove hydraulic fluid to/from the hydraulic hybrid system. 2.41 FOOT VALVE See Anti-Extrusion Valve 2.42 GAS CHARGE PROCEDURE The process used for filling the gas side of an accumulator,

28、 usually defined by pressure, flow, and time. SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 5 of 9 2.43 GAS CHARGE VALVE A valve used to allow charging the accumulator with gas (usually nitrogen). This would normally include a suitable charging interface. 2.44 GAS PRE-CHARGER Equipment required to fill an accumulat

29、or with required initial or service gas fill. 2.45 HIGH PRESSURE (kPa) The magnitude of pressure expected on the energy storage side of a hydraulic system having the potential to do work. 2.46 HYBRID A vehicle with two or more power sources, both of which must provide propulsion power either togethe

30、r or independently, and a rechargeable energy storage system. 2.47 HYDRAULIC FLUID CHARGING SYSTEM External equipment used to inject hydraulic fluid at pressure into the hydraulic drive system through the vehicle fluid port. 2.48 HYDRAULIC HYBRID A hybrid vehicle where hydraulic fluid is used as the

31、 coupling between propulsion elements and energy storage. 2.49 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ELECTRONIC CONTROL The electronic module or system that reads inputs, executes algorithms, and changes outputs to control the hydraulic vehicle drive system and accessories. 2.50 INSERTION FORCE (N) The force required to

32、 fully insert a set of mating components. 2.51 ISOLATION VALVE A device that can be activated to separate one portion of a hydraulic circuit from the rest of the system. For example, this device might be used to retain high pressure fluid in an accumulator during a service procedure. 2.52 LINE LOSS

33、COEFFICIENT (c) The pressure drop flow rate relationship as defined by Q=cPx across a hydraulic component (exponent x depends on the specific component). (Where Q is flow and P is delta pressure) 2.53 LOW PRESSURE (kPa) The magnitude of pressure expected on the discharge side of a hydraulic system (

34、normally somewhere between atmospheric pressure and 1400 kPa). 2.54 MAXIMUM ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE (kPa) The highest allowable pressure in the accumulator. SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 6 of 9 2.55 MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE (kPa) The maximum pump delivery pressure in the hydraulic drive system. 2.56

35、MAXIMUM PROPULSION POWER (kW) Maximum power available simultaneously from all power sources. 2.57 MAXIMUM SYSTEM OPERATING PRESSURE (kPa) The maximum pressure anywhere in the hydraulic drive system under normal operating conditions. 2.58 MINIMUM ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE (kPa) The lowest operational pres

36、sure in the accumulator. 2.59 MINIMUM SYSTEM PRESSURE (kPa) The minimum operating pressure that the system will produce when operating within specification. 2.60 NET ACCUMULATOR ENERGY RECOVERY (kW-hr) The difference between the hydraulic energy (charge) going into the accumulator during a regenerat

37、ion event and the hydraulic energy returned to the drive system (discharge). 2.61 OPERATING TEMPERATURES (C) The temperature range at which a component is designed to operate under normal conditions. The temperature is presented in terms of min/max. 2.62 PARALLEL HYBRID A hybrid vehicle with both th

38、e primary power source (normally an internal combustion engine) and the secondary power source (usually the propulsion pump/motor) mechanically connected to the drive wheels. 2.63 PEAK ACCUMULATOR OUTPUT POWER (kW) An estimate of the maximum power capability of an accumulator calculated as maximum f

39、low at maximum pressure. 2.64 PEAK OUTPUT POWER (kW) The maximum power capability of the hydraulic drive system delivered at the output(s). 2.65 PEAK POWER (kW) The maximum power obtainable from a component or system. 2.66 PEAK SYSTEM PRESSURE (kPa) The maximum operating pressure that the system wil

40、l produce when operating within specification. 2.67 PERMEATION The migration of accumulator gas across the bladder, piston, or other barrier into the hydraulic fluid. SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 7 of 9 2.68 POWER ASSIST A hybrid mode in which the vehicle power output is augmented by energy drawn f

41、rom the energy storage system (high pressure accumulator). 2.69 POWER DENSITY (kW/m3) The power available from a component (kW) divided by the total volume of the component (m3). Also known as volumetric power density (VPD). 2.70 POWER-TO-ENERGY RATIO (kW/kW-hr) Ratio of the power obtained under spe

42、cified conditions, such as depth-of-discharge, to the energy output obtained under specified discharge conditions. 2.71 POWERTRAIN The elements of a propulsion system that convert the stored energy into mechanical energy at the wheels of a vehicle. It includes all engine, hydraulic and mechanical dr

43、ivetrain components (not including energy storage devices like fuel tanks and accumulators). 2.72 PRECHARGE LOSS RATE (%) The loss of precharge pressure of an accumulator from initial gas fill divided by the targeted precharge pressure for the initial capacity over a defined period of time at a defi

44、ned gas temperature through a defined usage. 2.73 PRESSURE LOSS (kPa) The pressure drop over a passive or active component or fluid transfer line when subjected to a specified flow rate. 2.74 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE A device used to limit the system pressure to a given value that will exhaust the flui

45、d to a low pressure receptacle. 2.75 PRESSURE VESSEL A storage container that holds a fluid or fluids above atmospheric pressure. 2.76 PROPULSION PUMP/MOTOR A hydraulic pump/motor that provides propulsion and often regenerative braking functions for the vehicle. 2.77 PROPULSION SYSTEM The combinatio

46、n of the powertrain and energy storage systems (including fuel tanks and accumulators). 2.78 RAGONE CURVE A plot of specific energy as a function of the continuous specific power at which the energy storage device is discharged. Originally defined as the set of curves ranging between the high-power

47、and the high-energy design for a particular technology. 2.79 RATED POWER (kW) The manufacturers specification of the power capability for a component under specified conditions. SAE J2898 Issued NOV2012 Page 8 of 9 2.80 RATED PRESSURE (kPa) The pressure for which a component is designed under specif

48、ied operating conditions. 2.81 REGENERATIVE BRAKING The recovery of vehicle kinetic energy normally dissipated during friction braking. Also known as regen braking. 2.82 RESERVOIR A container that holds fluid at atmospheric pressure. 2.83 SERIES HYBRID A hybrid vehicle in which all sources of energy

49、 go through a single propulsion device. There is no direct mechanical link between the engine output shaft and the vehicles final drive. 2.84 SERVICE LIFE (years or cycles) A general term that describes the length of time a component can remain in service. Service life can be specified in terms of either time or duty cycles. 2.85 SPECIFIC ENERGY (kW-hr/kg) The discharge energy capacity of the accumulator divided by the accumulator syste