1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2929_201302 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J2929 FEB2013 Issued 2011-02 Revised 2013-0
5、2 Superseding J2929 FEB2011 Safety Standard for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Battery Systems Utilizing Lithium-based Rechargeable Cells RATIONALE Previously existing propulsion battery system safety documents define evaluation methods and make recommendations for battery system performance
6、. They do not define specific pass/fail safety performance criteria. In order to provide consistency within the industry which supports innovation and public confidence, such criteria are necessary. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose . 2 1.2 Future Considerations . 2 2. REFERENCES 2 2.1 Applic
7、able Documents 2 2.2 Related Publications 4 3. DEFINITIONS . 5 4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 6 4.1 General Requirements and Considerations 6 4.2 Normal Operation 7 4.3 Drop Test 10 4.4 Immersion Test . 10 4.5 Mechanical Shock . 11 4.6 Battery Enclosure Integrity 11 4.7 Exposure to Simulated Vehicle Fire
8、 13 4.8 Electrical Short Circuit . 14 4.9 Single Point Overcharge Protection System Failure . 14 4.10 Single Point Over Discharge Protection System Failure . 15 4.11 Single Point Thermal Control System Failure . 16 4.12 Fault Analysis 17 4.13 Protection against High Voltage Exposure 17 5. BATTERY SY
9、STEM CONFORMANCE CLAIMS AND MARKING . 18 6. NOTES 18 6.1 Marginal Indicia . 18 SAE J2929 Revised FEB2013 Page 2 of 18 FIGURE 1 WIRE MESH SCREEN POSITION (SIDE VIEW) . 13 FIGURE 2 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM - OVERCHARGE TEST . 15 FIGURE 3 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM - OVER DISCHARGE TEST 16 1. SCOPE This
10、SAE Standard defines a minimum set of acceptable safety criteria for a lithium-based rechargeable battery system to be considered for use in a vehicle propulsion application as an energy storage system connected to a high voltage power train. While the objective is a safe battery system when install
11、ed into a vehicle application, this Standard is primarily focused, wherever possible, on conditions which can be evaluated utilizing the battery system alone. As this is a minimum set of criteria, it is recognized that battery system and vehicle manufacturers may have additional requirements for cel
12、ls, modules, packs and systems in order to assure a safe battery system for a given application. A battery system is a completely functional energy storage system consisting of the pack(s) and necessary ancillary subsystems for physical support and enclosure, thermal management, and electronic contr
13、ol. 1.1 Purpose This SAE Standard should assure that a battery system can safely be integrated into an electric or hybrid vehicle. Specifically, it is designed to assure that a single point fault will not result in fire, explosion, battery enclosure rupture or high voltage hazard. This Standard incl
14、udes tests that simulate “normal” conditions and “off-normal” conditions that, although infrequent, may occur during service life. Pass/fail criteria are assigned to each test. 1.2 Future Considerations As lithium-based rechargeable battery systems expand in their usage, new information related to s
15、afety will become available and additional international regulatory standards will be developed. This new information may result in the need to add, change or remove evaluation conditions and / or requirements in this document. Future revisions of this Standard will be developed based on this new in
16、formation. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive
17、, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1715 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Attachment 48 (Driving Battery Safety Test). SAE J2929 Revised FEB2013 Page 5 of 18 3. DEFINITIONS Except as noted below, all definitions are in
18、accordance with SAE J1715. 3.1 BATTERY CELL RUPTURE Loss of mechanical integrity of the cell housing, resulting in release of contents. The kinetic energy of released material is not sufficient to cause physical damage external to the battery system 3.2 BATTERY CONTROL FUNCTION The physical and/or f
19、unctional portion of a battery system which monitors battery state (voltage, temperature, current) and controls the connection/disconnection of the battery system to the rest of the high voltage system. 3.3 BATTERY ENCLOSURE The physical housing surrounding battery system components, particularly ba
20、ttery cells and modules. 3.4 BATTERY ENCLOSURE RUPTURE Openings through the battery enclosure which are rapidly created or enlarged by an event and which are sufficiently large for a 50 mm diameter sphere to contact battery system internal components (see ISO20653, IPXXA). 3.5 CHARGE/DISCHARGE CONTR
21、OL FUNCTION The physical and/or functional portion of a battery system which controls the amount of energy and power flow into and out of the battery system. 3.6 DISCONNECT A condition in which the battery system is deliberately disconnected from external circuitry, as for example by an automatic di
22、sconnect device. Such disconnect normally requires that both the positive and negative high voltage source leads be disconnected in order to isolate the battery system from propulsion system and other external circuits. 3.7 ELECTRICAL ISOLATION The electrical resistance between the vehicle high-volt
23、age system and any vehicle conductive structure. 3.8 FIRE The emission of flames from a battery (approximately more than 1 s). Sparks are not flames. 3.9 EXPLOSION Very fast release of energy sufficient to cause pressure waves and/or projectiles that may cause considerable structural and/or bodily d
24、amage. 3.10 LITHIUM-BASED RECHARGEABLE CELLS Rechargeable battery cell chemistry in which lithium ion is the charge carrier for electrochemical reduction-oxidation. 3.11 RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION The organization which is responsible for overseeing the required tests and assuring the propriety of the
25、 tests and results. Examples are vehicle or battery system manufacturers or independent test authorities. SAE J2929 Revised FEB2013 Page 6 of 18 3.12 VENTING The release of excessive internal pressure from a RESS cell, module or pack in a manner intended by design to preclude rupture or explosion. 4
26、. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General Requirements and Considerations 4.1.1 Common Test Conditions Except where specifically noted to the contrary, battery state of charge (SOC) shall be at 95-100% of the maximum which is possible during normal vehicle operation and battery temperature shall be 25 C
27、5 C prior to initiation of the test. If the responsible organization is aware that a different temperature within the normal operating temperature range of the battery system may represent a more severe condition, the responsible organization shall alternatively specify this temperature. If the resp
28、onsible organization is aware that a different SOC within the normal operating range of the battery system may represent a more severe condition, the responsible organization shall alternatively specify this SOC. Unless otherwise stated, re-use of the battery system and/or components in multiple eva
29、luations is acceptable at the discretion of the responsible organization. Unless otherwise stated, all battery system electronic control modules and other battery related systems (for example, cooling system) are to be connected and in either the “operational” or “off” state during testing, as deter
30、mined by the responsible organization. 4.1.2 Data Collection All data necessary for assessing conformance to the requirements included in this Standard shall be collected. For any measurements required for defining the test conditions or for assessing conformance to the stated requirements, measurem
31、ent accuracies shall be as specified in SAE J2464, Table 2. Additional data, as suggested by a referenced test procedure or as determined by the responsible organization, may be collected at the discretion of the responsible organization. 4.1.3 Subsystem Testing All tests specified within this Stand
32、ard are intended to apply to a complete battery system and the responsible organization is strongly encouraged to conduct these tests using a complete battery system. However, if, in the judgment of the responsible organization, a complete battery system test is not appropriate, subsystem testing ma
33、y be conducted instead. Unless otherwise indicated, the responsible organization shall define and document the specific subsystems to be tested in order to achieve the system requirement and meet the intent of the test. A subsystem should consist of the set of components that in a complete battery a
34、ssembly are thermally, mechanically and/or electrically connected such that the subsystem behavior accurately replicates the complete battery system behavior for the specific test. 4.1.4 Design Changes In the case of a revised battery system design, conformance to this Standard must be re-tested for
35、 all conditions where the changes in the design potentially change safety performance. The responsible organization shall make this determination. Use of subsystem testing, as described above, would also apply to this situation. 4.1.5 Additional Observation Period For all test conditions in this Sta
36、ndard in which battery system temperatures increase above ambient as a result of the test condition, temperature shall be monitored during the test and any post-test observation period. If, at the end of the prescribed observation period, the temperature is not decreasing and approaching ambient tem
37、perature, the observation period shall be extended until such time as temperature is decreasing toward ambient. In this case, the extended observation period shall be considered to be part of the test and all requirements shall be met during this time. SAE J2929 Revised FEB2013 Page 7 of 18 4.1.6 Sa
38、fety The responsible organization and all organizations involved in conducting tests outlined in this Standard are cautioned that many of the tests and conditions may result in hazardous conditions both during the test and with the test article following the test. Proper care should be taken to prot
39、ect personnel and property during the test and afterward. For example, discharging or stabilizing the energy remaining in the battery system may be appropriate prior to dismantling, storage or disposal. If appropriate, battery system external surface temperatures may be monitored and test personnel
40、advised to avoid direct contact with the test article until the battery system has reached near ambient temperatures. In some instances, hazardous conditions may not be evident until an extended period of time has passed. If, in the judgment of the responsible organization, a test cannot be conducte
41、d while maintaining the safety of test personnel, rationale for not conducting the test shall be provided and documented. Documentation shall include analysis demonstrating the expected results of the battery system, had the test been performed. 4.1.7 Hazardous Gas Considerations Under certain sever
42、e failure conditions, lithium-based rechargeable cells can emit gases which may be harmful to humans in sufficient concentrations. Examples may include, but are not limited to, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Consideration should be given to preventing the build-up of these gases in
43、 sufficient concentration to be harmful inside the passenger compartment. The Responsible Organization should determine what a harmful concentration may be based on accepted industry practice or standards. Examples of industry standards include Emergency Response Planning Guidelines, available from
44、the American Industrial Hygiene Association; Permissible Exposure Limits or Short Term Exposure Limits, available from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, available from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Recommended Exposure Limits, ava
45、ilable from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); or Threshold Limit Values, available from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Under certain severe failure conditions, lithium ion battery cells also can emit gases which may be flammabl
46、e in air in appropriate concentrations. Examples may include organic electrolyte vapors, methane, ethane or hydrogen gas. Consideration should be given to preventing the build-up of flammable gases and avoiding flammable gas contact with known vehicle ignition sources. 4.2 Normal Operation 4.2.1 Gen
47、eral The following requirements, related to normal operating conditions, are intended to ensure a safe battery system under typical vehicle environmental use conditions. A battery system is assumed to meet quality, reliability and durability (QRD) requirements appropriate for the application, which
48、are beyond the scope of this Standard. 4.2.2 Vibration Rationale: This condition simulates a vibration environment which a battery system will likely experience during its life. The battery system shall meet the applicable requirements when tested according to one of the following two alternatives.
49、SAE J2929 Revised FEB2013 Page 8 of 18 4.2.2.1 Alternative 1: Complete Battery System Vibration Test Condition: The complete battery system is to be tested in accordance with one of the following options: the vibration profile defined in UN Test Manual, Test T.3; or the vibration profile defined in SAE J2380; or a profile from the responsible organization which reflects the actual application. Note that, while battery modules or sections
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