SAE J 3085-2017 Terminology for Light and Medium Duty Trailers and Components.pdf

1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDO and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, LVWKHVROHUHVSR

2、QVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

3、 stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-

4、0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J3085_201701 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J JAN2017 Issued 2017-01 Terminology for Light and Medium Duty Trailers and Components

5、 RATIONALE A standard terminology for light and medium duty trailer applications (typically GVWR 11794 kg (26000 lb) or less) is desired. This new report provides a list of these terms with definitions and is intended for use by consumers and the trailer industry. 1. SCOPE: This SAE standard is inte

6、nded to create standard terminology related to light and medium duty trailer applications. This includes such trailer types as utility, boat, camping, travel, and special purpose trailers which are normally towed by conventional passenger cars, light-duty commercial vehicles, light trucks, and multi

7、purpose passenger vehicles. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 C

8、ommonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J670 Vehicle Dynamics Terminology SAE J2807 Performance Requirements for Determining Tow-Vehicle Gross Combination Weight Rating and Trailer Weight Rating 2.2 Re

9、lated Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or

10、+1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J684 Trailer Couplings, Hitches, and Safety Chains - Automotive Type SAE J847 Trailer Tow Bar Eye and Pintle Hook/Coupler Performance SAE J2638 Fifth Wheel and Gooseneck Attachment Performance Up to 13608/kg (30000/lb) Trailer GVW SAE INTERNATIONAL - J

11、AN2017 Page 2 of 10 SAE J2664 Trailer Sway Response Test Procedure 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 ARTICULATION ANGLE The angle of the trailers x-axis relative to the tow vehicles x axis in the x-y plane. Positive articulation angle of the trailer is to the left (driver) side of the tow vehicle. Zero articulatio

12、n angle is when the longitudinal axes of the tow vehicle and trailer are aligned. 3.2 ARTICULATION POINT The instant center of rotation of the trailer relative to the towing vehicle. NOTE: For trailers with a simple ball hitch, the articulation point is coincident with the center of the hitch ball.

13、3.3 BALL MOUNT Removable ball support platform that is inserted into an underbody receiver hitch and retained with a pin. Used with weight carrying or weight distributing hitch systems. 3.4 CLEVIS AND PIN CONNECTION A trailer coupling system that consists of a clevis on the forward end of the traile

14、r tongue that attaches to a hole in a hitch bar or plate of the tow vehicle using a pin generally oriented vertically. (See Figure 1.) Figure 1 - Clevis and pin 3.5 COMBINATION VEHICLE Two or more vehicles with at least one common connection point between two vehicles. Typically, one of the vehicles

15、 is a trailer. 3.6 CONNECTION POINT Point of connection, e.g., generally a hitch ball or fifth wheel, where the trailer attaches to the tow vehicle. Measurement of the connection point is from the tow vehicle rear axle, positive to the rear, to the centerline of the hitch ball or kingpin hole. 3.7 C

16、ONNECTION POINT OVERHANG (CPOH) Measurement of the connection point from the tow vehicle rear axle, positive to the rear, to the centerline of the hitch ball or kingpin hole SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 3 of 10 3.8 CONVENTIONAL TRAILER A semi-trailer with a coupling device designed to attach to

17、a hitch at the rear of the tow-vehicle. This does not include fifth wheel or gooseneck trailers. Sometimes called “Bumper Pull“ trailer. 3.9 COUPLER That part of the trailer connecting mechanism by which the connection is actually made to the trailer hitch ball. This does not include any structural

18、member, extension of the trailer frame, or brake actuator. 3.10 COUPLER ANGULAR TRAVEL Relative angular motion fore to aft and/or side to side between hitch and coupler as the trailer and tow vehicle negotiate different terrain. Motion includes roll, pitch and yaw. 3.11 COUPLER RATING Maximum traile

19、r weight (GVWR) and maximum tongue weight a coupler assembly is specified for towing. 3.12 CURB WEIGHT The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment, maximum capacity of fuel, oil and coolant: and if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight of optional engine. Curb weight does not

20、 include driver. 3.13 DRAWBAR See Ball Mount. 3.14 EFFECTIVE TONGUE LENGTH (ETL) The longitudinal distance from the center of the trailer connection point to the center of the trailer wheel(s). (See Figure 2.) Figure 2 - Effective tongue length (trailer wheelbase) 3.15 FIFTH WHEEL HITCH A tow vehicl

21、e connecting mechanism that engages a trailer kingpin. (See Figure 3.) SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 4 of 10 Figure 3 - Fifth wheel hitch 3.16 FIFTH WHEEL TRAILER A semi-trailer with a portion of the trailer, including the kingpin, extending upward and forward over the tow vehicle. 3.17 FRONT AXL

22、E LOAD RESTORATION (FALR) For a tow vehicle, the percent change in front axle load due to weight distributing hitch application divided by change in front axle load due to addition of trailer tongue weight. (See SAE J2807 for calculation) 3.18 FRONT SWING CLEARANCE For a fifth wheel or gooseneck tra

23、iler, the minimum horizontal distance between the trailer front and tow vehicle cab through a specified range of articulation angles. (Tow vehicle cab swing radius minus trailer forward swing radius.) 3.19 FULL TRAILER A trailer, except a pole trailer, that is equipped with 2 or more axles that supp

24、ort the entire weight of the trailer. 3.20 GOOSENECK BALL A spherically shaped pin designed to mate with a gooseneck coupler to form a connection between trailer and tow vehicle. 3.21 GOOSENECK COUPLER That part of the gooseneck trailer connecting mechanism by which the connection is made to a goose

25、neck hitch ball. This does not include any structural member or extension of the trailer frame. 3.22 GOOSENECK HITCH A tow vehicle connecting mechanism which includes a structure with a mounted ball that engages a gooseneck coupler. 3.23 GOOSENECK TRAILER A semi-trailer with a portion of the trailer

26、, including gooseneck coupler, extending upward and forward over the tow vehicle. 3.24 GROSS AXLE WEIGHT RATING (GAWR) The value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the load carrying capacity of a single axle system, as measured at the tire/ground interfaces. SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 5

27、of 10 3.25 GROSS COMBINATION WEIGHT RATING (GCWR) The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable weight of a combination vehicle. 3.26 GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (GVWR) The value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum allowable weight of a single vehicle. 3.27 HITCH A tow ve

28、hicle structural device for towing trailers, consisting of components that extend and are attached to the tow vehicle, including bumpers intended to serve this purpose. This includes the ball support platform and ball when used. 3.28 HITCH BALL HEIGHT The height above grade of the hitch ball center

29、at a specific trim condition. 3.29 HITCH RATING Maximum allowable trailer weight and maximum allowable tongue weight for a hitch. 3.30 HITCH BALL RATING Maximum allowable trailer weight for a hitch ball. 3.31 KINGPIN An especially machined stub shaft which extends vertically from the lower surface o

30、f the upper trailer structure and locks into a fifth wheel hitch. (See Figure 4.) Figure 4 - Kingpin 3.32 LANDING GEAR Structure generally adjustable in height, used to support the front end of a trailer in an approximately level attitude when disconnected from towing vehicle. Includes landing gear

31、legs, foot members, mounting brackets, braces and related fasteners. (See Figure 5.) Kingpin Pin Box SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 6 of 10 Figure 5 - Landing gear 3.33 LEVELING JACK A vertically adjustable device used beneath a trailer to achieve a desired (typically level) attitude and/or suppor

32、t the trailer when set up for non-WRZLQJXVH $OVRVHH6WDELOLHU .) 3.34 LUBE PLATE A polymer disk that reduces friction and wear between the vertical load bearing surfaces of a fifth wheel hitch system. 3.35 PIN BOX A structural component of a Fifth Wheel Trailer that includes and supports the Kingpin

33、used for coupling to a tow vehicle. A Pin Box may provide adjustment of the kingpin location relative to the trailer. (See Figure 4.) 3.36 PINTLE HITCH A hitch system that utilizes a pintle hook with closing mechanism. It is commonly attached to a tow vehicle to pull a trailer equipped with a pintle

34、 ring. (See Figure 6.) Figure 6 - Pintle hitch SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 7 of 10 3.37 PINTLE HOOK The lower stationary jaw portion of a pintle hitch (See Figure 6.) 3.38 PINTLE RING A ring attached to a trailer tongue, used to connect to a pintle hitch. Also known as Lunette eye. (See Figure

35、6.) 3.39 REAR SWING CLEARANCE For a fifth wheel or gooseneck trailer, the minimum horizontal distance between the tow vehicle rear corner and the trailer front drop through a specified range of articulation angles. (Trailer drop swing radius minus tow vehicle rear swing radius) 3.40 RECEIVER HITCH A

36、 tow vehicle underbody hitch component that receives a ball mount or shank. (See Figure 7.) Figure 7 - Receiver hitch, ball mount 3.41 SAFETY CHAIN An assembly which provides a secondary means of connection between the rear of the tow vehicle and the front of the trailer (or towed vehicle). The purp

37、ose is to retain connection between the towing vehicle and trailer in the event of separation of the primary connection long enough to bring the combination vehicle to a stop. This includes alternative connecting arrangements (e.g., cables, etc.). 3.42 SEMI-TRAILER A trailer, except a pole trailer,

38、so constructed that a substantial part of its weight rests upon or is carried by another motor vehicle. (49 CFR 571.3). This includes any trailer that has a single axle or axle group and a tongue weight that varies with loading of the trailer. 3.43 SHANK The portion of a hitch that inserts into a re

39、ceiver and is retained by a pin, typically “T“ or “L“ shaped and generally with vertical adjustment capability. (see Figure 8.) %DOO0RXQW 5HFHLYHU+LWFK SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 8 of 10 Figure 8 - Weight distributing hitch assembly 3.44 SLIDEOUT An expandable section of a trailer intended to

40、increase interior space when set up for non-towing use. 3.45 SPRING BAR(S) Component of a weight distributing hitch assembly that creates the leverage between hitch and trailer. (See Figure 8.) 3.46 STABILIZER A vertically adjustable device used to support a trailer in a desired (typically level) at

41、titude and reduce unwanted motion when set up for non-towing use. It does not include jacking features intended to raise or lower a trailer. 3.47 SURGE BRAKE SYSTEM A self-contained, permanently closed hydraulic brake system for trailers that relies on inertial forces, developed in response to the b

42、raking action of the tow vehicle, applied to a hydraulic device mounted on or connected to the tongue of the trailer. 3.48 SWAY CONTROL DEVICE Device that attaches between tow vehicle and trailer designed to resist minor trailer sway. These devices are not intended to eliminate excessive sway due to

43、 improper trailer loading or excessive speed. 3.49 SWING TONGUE A trailer tongue that is hinged to allow folding in order to reduce the overall length of the trailer for storage. 3.50 TONGUE JACK A jack connected to the tongue of a trailer, for the purpose of raising and lowering the tongue. 3.51 TO

44、NGUE WEIGHT The static downward vertical force applied by the trailer to the tow vehicle at the connection point on level ground for a particular loading condition and connection point height with no weight distributing moment applied. 3.52 TOW DOLLY A device used by a tow vehicle exclusively to tra

45、nsport another motor vehicle and upon which the front or rear wheels of the towed motor vehicle are mounted, while the other wheels of the towed motor vehicle remain in contact with the ground. (See Figure 9.) Trailer Tongue Shank Spring Bars SAE INTERNATIONAL - JAN2017 Page 9 of 10 Figure 9 - Tow d

46、olly 3.53 TOW VEHICLE A motor vehicle used for pulling trailers. 3.54 TOW VEHICLE TRAILERING WEIGHT (TVTW) Tow vehicle weight condition (with 2 occupants, specific equipment requirements and no cargo) as defined in SAE J2807 for testing and to calculate trailer weight rating (TWR). 3.55 TRAILER A mo

47、tor vehicle with or without motive power, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by another motor vehicle. This includes semi-trailers and full trailers. 3.56 TRAILER DAMPING RATIO The ratio of the amount of equivalent viscous damping present in the trailer free response to th

48、at required for critical damping. Refer to SAE J670 - Damping Ratio. In practical application, this is a measure of how quickly trailer articulation settles out after an initial disturbance and with no further inputs. 3.57 TRAILER ROTATION RADIUS RATIO (RRR) The yaw radius of gyration divided by effective tongue length (ETL). 3.58 TRAILER SWAY Oscillatory response to a di