1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20611-6 SANS 10164-2:2008Edition 1.2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD The structural use of masonry Part 2: Structural design and requiremen
4、ts for reinforced and prestressed masonry WARNING To be used in conjunction with SANS 10164-1. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 1
5、0164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2003 Amended to update normative references. Amdt 2 2008 Amended to update referenced standards. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5120.61A, Construction standards Cement, lime and c
6、oncrete, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in July 2008. This document supersedes SANS 10164-2:2003 (edition 1.1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified
7、by amendment No. 2. Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this standard. Annex E is for information only. SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Definitions . 7 4 Symbols 9 5 Materials and components 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 New material
8、s and methods . 12 5.3 Cutting and chasing 12 5.4 Selection of mortar and concrete 12 5.4.1 General 12 5.4.2 Concrete infill and grout . 12 5.4.3 Admixtures to concrete and grout 13 5.4.4 Chlorides 13 5.5 Steel 14 5.5.1 Reinforcing steel 14 5.5.2 Prestressing steel 14 5.6 Damp-proof courses . 17 5.7
9、 Wall ties 17 5.8 Bonding of masonry units . 17 6 Design of reinforced masonry . 18 6.1 General . 18 6.1.1 Design considerations . 18 6.1.2 Limit states design . 18 6.1.3 Limit states . 18 6.2 Loads and strength of materials . 19 6.2.1 Design loads 19 6.2.2 Characteristic compressive strength of mas
10、onry fk. 19 6.2.3 Characteristic compressive strength of masonry in bending . 19 6.2.4 Characteristic shear strength of masonry fv. 19 6.2.5 Characteristic tensile strength of reinforcing steel fy21 6.2.6 Characteristic breaking load of prestressing steel . 22 6.2.7 Characteristic anchorage bond str
11、ength fb22 6.2.8 Elastic moduli . 22 6.3 Analysis of structure . 23 6.3.1 General 23 6.3.2 Indeterminate structures 23 6.3.3 Elastic analysis 23 6.4 Partial safety factors for materials m24 6.4.1 Construction control . 24 6.4.2 Serviceability limit state . 25 6.4.3 Ultimate limit state 25 SANS 10164
12、-2:2008 Edition 1.2 2 Contents (continued) Page 7 Detailed design considerations for reinforced masonry . 25 7.1 General . 25 7.2 Reinforced masonry subjected to bending . 25 7.2.1 General 25 7.2.2 Effective span of elements . 25 7.2.3 Limiting dimensions . 26 7.2.4 Resistance moments of elements 27
13、 7.2.5 Shear resistance of elements 31 7.2.6 Deflection . 33 7.2.7 Cracking . 33 7.3 Reinforced masonry subjected to a combination of vertical loading and bending . 33 7.3.1 General 33 7.3.2 Slenderness ratios of walls and columns 33 7.3.3 Design 34 7.3.4 Deflection . 38 7.3.5 Cracking . 38 7.4 Rein
14、forced masonry subjected to axial compressive loading 39 7.5 Reinforced masonry subjected to horizontal forces in the plane of the element 39 7.5.1 Racking shear 39 7.5.2 Bending 40 7.6 Detailing reinforced masonry 40 7.6.1 Area of main reinforcement . 40 7.6.2 Maximum size of reinforcement . 40 7.6
15、.3 Minimum area of secondary reinforcement in walls and slabs 40 7.6.4 Spacing of main and secondary reinforcement . 40 7.6.5 Anchorage B minimum area, size and spacing of links 41 7.6.6 Anchorage bond . 42 7.6.7 Laps and joints . 42 7.6.8 Hooks and bends . 42 7.6.9 Curtailment and anchorage . 43 8
16、Design of prestressed masonry 44 8.1 General . 44 8.2 Design for the ultimate limit state . 44 8.2.1 Bending 45 8.2.2 Axial loading . 45 8.2.3 Shear . 45 8.3 Design for the serviceability limit state . 47 8.4 Design criteria for prestressing tendons . 48 8.4.1 Maximum initial prestress 48 8.4.2 Loss
17、 of prestress 48 8.4.3 Transmission length in pre-tensioned elements 49 8.5 Detailing prestressed masonry . 50 8.5.1 Anchorages and end blocks 50 8.5.2 Tendons . 50 8.5.3 Links . 50 9 Other design considerations . 50 9.1 Durability of masonry units and mortars . 50 9.2 Resistance of metal components
18、 to corrosion . 51 9.2.1 General 51 9.2.2 Classification and precautions for degrees of exposure 51 SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 3 Contents (concluded) Page 9.2.3 Exposure situations requiring special attention . 52 9.2.4 Effect of different masonry units 54 9.2.5 Cover . 55 9.2.6 Prestressing tend
19、ons . 55 9.2.7 Wall ties . 57 9.2.8 Joint finishing . 57 9.3 Fire resistance 57 9.4 Spacing of wall ties . 57 9.5 Drainage and waterproofing . 57 9.6 Damp-proof courses . 57 10 Work on site 57 10.1 Materials . 57 10.2 Construction 57 10.2.1 General 57 10.2.2 Grouted-cavity construction . 58 10.2.3 R
20、einforced hollow masonry unit walls 59 10.2.4 Quetta bond and similar walls 59 10.2.5 Pocket-type walls . 59 10.2.6 Prestressing operations . 59 10.2.7 Forming chases and holes, and providing fixings 59 10.2.8 Jointing and pointing 60 10.3 Quality control . 60 10.3.1 Workmanship . 60 10.3.2 Material
21、s 60 Annex A (normative) Wall tie for high-lift cavity wall 61 Annex B (normative) Design methods for walls incorporating bed joint reinforcement to enhance lateral load resistance. 62 Annex C (normative) Estimation of deflection . 65 Annex D (normative) Test method of determination of characteristi
22、c compressive strength of masonry units fk66 Annex E (informative) Bibliography. 70 SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 4 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 5 The structural use of masonry Part 2: Structural design and requirements for reinforced and prestressed masonry 1
23、Scope This part of SANS 10164 establishes general principles for the structural design of reinforced and prestressed masonry. NOTE 1 The partial safety factors given in this part of SANS 10164 are based on the assumption that the level of construction control is category I (see SANS 10164-1). Where
24、this level of control is considered impractical, higher partial safety factors should be specified. Amdt 2 NOTE 2 The dimensions of an element that have been determined from strength considerations may not be sufficient to satisfy requirements for other properties such as resistance to fire and ther
25、mal insulation, and reference should be made to other appropriate standards and regulations. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference
26、 to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international stand
27、ards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. BS 970-1, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes Part 1: General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels. Amdt 2 BS 1881-121, Testin
28、g concrete Part 121: Method for determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression. BS 4449, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel Bar, coil and decoiled products Specification. Amdt 2 EN 10083-1, Steel for quenching and tempering Part 1: General technical deli
29、very conditions.Amdt 2 EN 10084, Case hardening steels Technical delivery conditions. Amdt 2EN 10085, Nitriding steels Technical delivery conditions. Amdt 2SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 6 EN 10087, Free-cutting steels Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, hot-rolled bars and rods
30、. Amdt 2 EN 10095, Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys. Amdt 2EN 10250-4, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes Part 1: Stainless steels. Amdt 2 EN 23312, Sintered metal materials and hardmetals Determination of Young modulus. Amdt 1 SANS 28 (SABS 28), Metal ties for cavity wa
31、lls. SANS 121/ISO 1461, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles Specifications and test methods. Amdt 1 SANS 202, Chloride content of aggregates. SANS 227, Burnt clay masonry units. SANS 285 (SABS 285), Calcium silicate masonry units. Amdt 2 SANS 920, Steel bars for concret
32、e reinforcement. SANS 935, Hot-dip (galvanized) zinc coatings on steel wire. SANS 1024, Welded steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete. SANS 1083, Aggregates from natural sources Aggregates for concrete. SANS 3310-1/ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of
33、 metal wire cloth. Amdt 1 SANS 4998/ISO 4998, Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of structural quality.Amdt 1 SANS 5861-2, Concrete tests Sampling of freshly mixed concrete. SANS 5863, Concrete tests Compressive strength of hardened concrete. SANS 10021, The waterproofing of buildings
34、 (including damp-proofing and vapour barrier installation). SANS 10100-1 (SABS 0100-1), The structural use of concrete Part 1: Design. SANS 10100-2 (SABS 0100-2), The structural use of concrete Part 2: Materials and execution of work. SANS 10160 (SABS 0160), The general procedures and loadings to be
35、 adopted in the design of buildings. SANS 10161 (SABS 0161), The design of foundations for buildings. Amdt 2SANS 10164-1 (SABS 0164-1), The structural use of masonry Part 1: Unreinforced masonry walling. SANS 10249 (SABS 0249), Masonry walling. Amdt 1 SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 7 3 Definitions Fo
36、r the purposes of this part of SANS 10164, the definitions given in SANS 10164-1 and the following definitions apply: 3.1 Types of masonry 3.1.1 prestressed masonry masonry in which pre-tensioned or post-tensioned steel is incorporated to enhance resistance to tensile or shear forces 3.1.2 reinforce
37、d masonry masonry in which steel reinforcement is incorporated to enhance resistance to tensile, compressive or shear forces 3.2 Types of reinforced masonry 3.2.1 grouted-cavity masonry two parallel single-leaf walls spaced at least 50 mm apart, effectively tied together with wall ties. The interven
38、ing cavity contains steel reinforcement and is so filled with infill concrete or grout as to result in common action with the masonry under load 3.2.2 pocket-type masonry masonry reinforced for the purpose of resisting lateral loading, where the main reinforcement is concentrated in vertical pockets
39、 formed in the tension face of the masonry, the reinforcement being surrounded by in-situ concrete (see figure 7(a) 3.2.3 quetta bond masonry masonry at least one-and-a-half units thick and in which vertical pockets containing reinforcement and mortar or concrete infill occur at intervals along its
40、length (see figure 7(c) 3.2.4 reinforced hollow blockwork hollow blockwork that is reinforced horizontally or vertically (or both) and subsequently wholly or partly filled with concrete (see figure 7(b) 3.3 Definitions related to masonry units 3.3.1 block a masonry unit having dimensions which satis
41、fy any of the following conditions: a) length between 300 mm and 650 mm; b) width between 130 mm and 300 mm; or c) height between 120 mm and 300 mm SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 8 3.3.2 brick a masonry unit having dimensions which satisfy all of the following conditions: a) length not more than 300
42、mm; b) width not more than 130 mm; and c) height not more than 120 mm 3.3.3 frog a depression formed in one or both faces of a unit, the total volume of which does not exceed 25 % of the gross volume of the unit 3.3.4 hollow masonry unit a masonry unit containing cavities constituting in excess of 2
43、5 %, but not exceeding 60 %, of the gross volume of the unit 3.3.5 masonry accessories these include masonry anchors, connectors and ties other than wall ties; shelf angles and their fixings; wall ties that transmit shear; and bed joints mesh 3.3.6 masonry component a masonry unit of length, width a
44、nd height exceeding 650 mm, 300 mm and 300 mm respectively 3.3.7 masonry unit a unit of a rectangular shape and that is intended for use in the construction of bonded masonry walling 3.3.8 solid masonry unit a masonry unit either containing no cavities or containing cavities not exceeding 25 % of th
45、e gross volume of the unit 3.4 Other definitions 3.4.1 characteristic value a value fixed on statistical bases to correspond to a prescribed probability of not being exceeded on the unfavourable side during the lifetime of the structure (see also nominal value) 3.4.2 designer in relation to the erec
46、tion of a building or part of a building, a competent person appointed by the owner to be responsible for the design of such building or part of such building 3.4.3 effective depth the depth from the compression face to the centroid of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement in an element in bending
47、SANS 10164-2:2008 Edition 1.2 9 3.4.4 effective height the height that is used for calculating the slenderness ratio of a wall, pier or column 3.4.5 effective length the length that is used for calculating the slenderness ratio of a wall 3.4.6 effective thickness the thickness that is used for calcu
48、lating the slenderness ratio of a wall, pier or column 3.4.7 lateral support support that will restrain a column, pier or wall against lateral movement 3.4.8 nominal value the principal representative value of a parameter (either an action, or a property of a member or of a material), fixed on non-s
49、tatistical bases (for example an experience acquired) or on physical constraints 3.4.9 prestressing tendon steel wire, strand or bar that is pre-tensioned or post-tensioned in order to prestress masonry 3.4.10 shear span the ratio of the maximum design bending moment to the maximum design shear force 3.4.11 slenderness ratio the ratio of the effective height (or in the case of walls, the effective length, if the length is less than the height) to the effective thickness 4 Symbols The following symbols are used in this standard: Amcross-sect
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