SANS 10296-2008 Hand signals used with cranes and with lifting and suspended equipment《起重机及起重及吊装设备的手势使用》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22219-2 SANS 10296:2008Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Hand signals used with cranes and with lifting and suspended equipment Pub

4、lished by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC

5、1020, Lifting equipment, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in December 2008. This document supersedes SABS 0296:1998 (first edition). Introduction This standard has been prepared to be includ

6、ed in all competency-based training courses on all types of lifting and suspended equipment in order to provide students with information on the correct hand signals. This standard should be used in conjunction with all crane operating documents, all above-ground mining operations, all hoist and civ

7、il engineering uses, the assessment of personnel engaged in lifting, and suspended access equipment operations. SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 1 Contents Page Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Requirements for hand signals 3 4.1 General. 3 4.2 Start and stop. 4 4.

8、3 Selection of hoists 6 4.4 Raising and lowering of hook. 8 4.5 Movement. 10 4.6 Travel of crane . 16 4.7 General movement. 19 SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 3 Hand signals used with cranes and with lifting and suspended equipment 1 Scope

9、This standard covers requirements for hand signals to be used in operations of cranes (i.e. lifting operations). It does not cover requirements for hand signals used in underground mining operations. 2 Normative references The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of thi

10、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. ISO 4306-1

11、, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in ISO 4306-1 and the following apply. 3.1 cease operation stop operation permanently or temporarily after release of load 3.2 slewing radial horizontal movement of load with crane base statio

12、nary 3.3 travel movement of the whole crane 4 Requirements for hand signals 4.1 General The following requirements shall apply: a) only signals illustrated in this standard shall be used; b) the signal shall be clear and concise in order to avoid misunderstanding; SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 4 c) non-

13、specific one-arm signals shall be acceptable using either arm (a left or right indication is a specific signal); d) a signaller shall 1) be in a safe position, 2) be clearly visible to the operator, and 3) have a clear view of the load or equipment; e) signals to the operator shall be given only by

14、one person. The only exception shall be the emergency stop signal; f) where applicable, signals may be combined and used; and 4.2 Start and stop 4.2.1 Operations start (follow my instructions) Raise one arm above the head, with the hand open and the palm facing forwards. Hold the other arm horizonta

15、lly in front of the chest, with the hand open and the palm facing downwards. Figure 1 Operations start SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 5 4.2.2 Stop (stop normally) Raise one arm above the head, with the hand open and the palm facing forwards. Figure 2 Stop 4.2.3 Emergency stop (stop quickly) Raise both ar

16、ms above the head, with the hands open and the palms facing forwards. Figure 3 Emergency stop SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 6 4.2.4 Cease operations (stop following my instructions) Hold the hands horizontally at waist level, with the hands open and the palms facing downwards. Repeatedly move the arms h

17、orizontally towards and away from each other. Figure 4 Cease operation 4.3 Selection of hoists 4.3.1 Lifting using the main hoist Keep one hand on top of the head. Keep the other arm at the side of the body. After this signal, any other hand signals will be applicable to the main hoist only. Figure

18、5 Lifting using the main hoist SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 7 4.3.2 Lifting using the auxiliary hoist Hold the forearm of one arm vertically, with the hand clenched. Grasp the elbow of this arm with the other hand. After this signal, any other applicable hand signals will be applicable to the auxiliary

19、 hoist only. Figure 6 Lifting using the auxiliary hoist 4.3.3 Lifting using the whip hoist (three-hoist system) Hold the forearm of one arm vertically, with the hand clenched but the index finger pointing upwards. Grasp the elbow of this arm with the other hand. After this signal, any other applicab

20、le hand signals will be applicable to the whip hoist only. Figure 7 Lifting using whip hoist SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 8 4.4 Raising and lowering of hook 4.4.1 Raise/lift the load at a steady rate Raise one arm above the head, with the hand closed and the index finger pointing upwards. Make small ho

21、rizontal type circles with the forearm. Figure 8 Raise at a steady rate 4.4.2 Raise slowly Use raising signal with one hand and other palm motionless on top of the hand that gives the signal. Figure 9 Raise slowly SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 9 4.4.3 Lower the load at a steady rate Extend one arm downw

22、ards but away from the body, with the hand closed and the index finger pointing downwards. Make small flat circles with the forearm. Figure 10 Lower at a steady rate 4.4.4 Lower slowly Use lowering signal with one hand with the other palm motionless below facing the hand that gives the signal. Figur

23、e 11 Lower slowly SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 10 4.4.5 Inching or dead slow Rub palms in a circular motion against each other. After this signal, any other applicable hand signals shall apply. Figure 12 Inching or dead slow 4.5 Movement 4.5.1 Movement of hook 4.5.1.1 Moving/slewing in the direction in

24、dicated Hold the extended arm in a horizontal position in the required direction, with the hand open and the palm facing downwards. Figure 13 Moving/Slewing in direction indicated SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 11 4.5.2 Movement of boom 4.5.2.1 Raising of boom Keep one arm extended horizontally with the

25、thumb up. Figure 14 Raising of boom 4.5.2.2 Lowering of boom Keep one arm extended horizontally with the thumb down. Figure 15 Lowering of boom SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 12 4.5.2.3 Raising boom while lowering load Keep an arm extended, thumb pointing up, and flex fingers in and out for as long as mo

26、vement is required. Figure 16 Raising boom while lowering load SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 13 4.5.2.4 Lowering boom while raising load Keep an arm extended, thumb pointing down, and flex fingers in and out for as long as movement is required. Figure 17 Lowering boom while raising load SANS 10296:2008

27、Edition 2 14 4.5.2.5 Extension of boom Keep both hands (with clenched fists) extended to the front with thumbs pointing away from each other. Figure 18 Extension of boom 4.5.2.6 Retraction of boom Keep both hands (with clenched fists) extended to the front with thumbs pointing towards each other. Fi

28、gure 19 Retracting boom SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 15 4.5.2.7 Extension of jib trolley Keep one hand (with clenched fist) extended to the front with thumb pointing to the side. Figure 19 Jib trolley extension SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 16 4.6 Travel of crane 4.6.1 Travelling away from me Keep both arm

29、s at the sides of the body with the forearms held horizontally to the front, both hands open, and the palms facing upwards. Repeatedly move the forearms up and down between the horizontal and the vertical positions. Figure 20 Travelling away from me 4.6.2 Travelling towards me Keep both arms at the

30、sides of the body with the forearms held vertically, both hands open, palms facing forwards. Repeatedly move the forearms up and down. Figure 21 Travelling towards me SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 17 4.6.3 Movement of both crawler tracks Rotate both fists around each other in front of the body in the di

31、rection of travel forwards or backwards. Figure 22 Movement of both crawler tracks SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 18 4.6.4 Turning of crawler tracks Raise a fist to indicate locking of the track on one side. Rotate the other fist vertically in front of the body to indicate travelling of the opposite trac

32、k. Figure 23 Turning of crawler tracks SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 19 4.7 General movement 4.7.1 Indicating horizontal distance Keep both arms extended horizontally in front of body with palms facing each other. Figure 24 Indicating horizontal distance 4.7.2 Indicating vertical distance Keep both arms extended in front of the body, one above the other with palms facing each other. Figure 25 Indicating vertical distance SANS 10296:2008 Edition 2 20 4.7.3 Turn over Keep both arms extended forward, parallel and horizontally, and turn 90 in the direction of turn over. Figure 26 Turn over SABS