SANS 10302-2008 Tail lifts mobile lifts and ramps associated with vehicles《车辆用尾部升降机、移动升降机及斜道》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20158-6 SANS 10302:2008Edition 1.1Any reference to SABS 0302 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 N

4、ovember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Tail lifts, mobile lifts and ramps associated with vehicles Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Afr

5、ica SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to update the referenced standards and to move reference to legislation to the foreword. Foreword This South African standard was approved by Nati

6、onal Committee StanSA SC 5120.52G, Access equipment Elevating work platforms, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2008. This document supersedes SABS 0302:1999 (first edition). A vertica

7、l line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 1. Annexes A and B form an integral part of this document. Annexes C and D are for information only. A reference is made in 5.6 and 9.2.2 to “relevant legislation“. In South Africa this means the Occupational He

8、alth and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993) (as amended from time to time). Amdt 1 SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions . 4 4 Mechanical requirements 5 5 Electrical equipment . 9 6 Installation, operation and maintenance . 9 7 Haz

9、ards . 11 8 Safety recommendations 12 9 Safety of personnel . 15 10 Safety categories 17 11 Methods of test . 18 12 Marking . 19 Annex A (normative) Information to be supplied by the manufacturer 21 Annex B (normative) Avoidance of toe hazards between tail lift platform and vehicle floor . 21 Figure

10、s B.1 to B.9 . 23-26 Annex C (informative) Example of certificate required for testing and examination of tail lifts, mobile lifts and ramps 27 Annex D (informative) Bibliography . 28 SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 3 Tail lifts, mobile

11、 lifts and ramps associated with vehicles 1 Scope This standard details a) design and safety recommendations and operating procedures for tail lifts mounted on vehicles associated with the lifting of goods or freight, and b) installation and inspection recommendations for mobile lifts and ramps that

12、 allow entry or exit of persons with or without wheelchairs, into and out of vehicles through a height not exceeding 1,7 m. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to re

13、vision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid n

14、ational and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. BS 302-1, Stranded steel wire ropes Part 1: Specification for general requirements. Amdt 1 BS 302-2, Stranded steel wire ropes Part 2: Specification for ropes for general purposes. Amdt 1 BS 5378-1, Safety signs and col

15、ours Part 1: Specification for colour and design. Amdt 1 BS 5499-5, Graphical symbols and signs. Safety signs, including fire safety signs. Signs with specific safety meanings. Amdt 1 EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes. Safety. General requirements. Amdt 1 EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes. Safety. Stranded ro

16、pes for general lifting applications. Amdt 1 ISO 3108, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Determination of actual breaking load. ISO 3178, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Terms of acceptance. Amdt 1 SABS 0142, The wiring of premises. Amdt 1 SANS 2408/ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general p

17、urposes Minimum requirements. Amdt 1 SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 4 SANS 4309/ISO 4309, Cranes Wire ropes Care, maintenance, installation, examination and discard. Amdt 1 SANS 10142-1, The wiring of premises Part 1: Low-voltage installations. Amdt 1 3 Definitions For the purposes of this specificatio

18、n the following definitions shall apply: 3.1 appliance a term used to describe a lift or a ramp or both 3.2 auxiliary operation an alternative method of operation that can be used in the event of failure of the power source 3.3 competent person a legally qualified person trained for the task that is

19、 to be performed 3.4 mobile lift a lift that is portable and can be sited adjacent to a vehicle, and that enables a passenger-carrying platform to be raised and lowered 3.5 platform depth the dimension of the platform, measured at right angles to the adjacent edge of the vehicle 3.6 platform vertica

20、l travel the distance between the fully lowered and the fully raised height of the platform 3.7 platform width the dimension of the platform, measured parallel to the adjacent edge of the vehicle 3.8 power pack an independent source of power other than the vehicle prime mover 3.9 ramp length the min

21、imum dimension of a ramp, measured at right angles to the adjacent edge of the vehicle 3.10 ramp width the minimum horizontal dimension of a ramp, measured parallel to the adjacent edge of the vehicle 3.11 suspension a flexible means of support (for example, a rope or a chain), including its end att

22、achment 3.12 tail lift a lift, fitted to a vehicle, which enables a load-carrying platform (which can be a passenger-carrying platform) to be raised and lowered SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 5 NOTE The tail lift need not necessarily be mounted at the rear of the vehicle. 3.13 work load limit WLL the m

23、aximum authorized load that the mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) is designed to carry in a given configuration 4 Mechanical requirements NOTE See also the safety requirements detailed in clauses 8 to 11 (inclusive). 4.1 Mechanical design 4.1.1 Safety factors Unless stated otherwise, the safety

24、factor applied to the yield stress for any part of the tail lift based on its work load limit (WLL) shall be at least 2. (See also 4.1.3.1.2, 4.2.1 and 4.3.1.) 4.1.2 Operating speed The unloaded lifting speed and the fully loaded lowering speed shall not exceed 0,15 m/s. 4.1.3 Wire rope suspensions

25、4.1.3.1 Wire ropes 4.1.3.1.1 Selection Wire ropes shall be selected from those specified in EN 12385-1, EN 12385-4 (technically equivalent to SANS 2408 and ISO 3108 and ISO 3178), and in SANS 4309, though it is permissible to use a diameter and a tensile grade that fall outside the range covered by

26、these standards. Wire rope constructions other than those specified above may be used, provided that their strength complies with 4.1.3.1.2. Amdt 1 4.1.3.1.2 Strength In any single part of a rope, the ratio between the minimum breaking load and the maximum induced tensile force shall be at least 5.

27、4.1.3.1.3 Termination The strength of the rope termination (i.e. the terminal fitting together with the means of its attachment to the rope) shall be at least 80 % of the minimum breaking load of the rope. 4.1.3.2 Wire rope pulleys 4.1.3.2.1 Minimum diameter The diameter of a pulley, measured at the

28、 bottom of the groove, shall be at least 12 times the diameter of the associated wire rope. NOTE Pulley diameter may also be expressed as a function of the pitch circle diameter of the rope in the groove. SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 6 4.1.3.2.2 Pulley grooves Wire rope pulleys shall be grooved to a

29、depth of at least 1,25 times the nominal diameter of the associated wire rope. The grooves shall have a smooth finish and shall be free from surface defects liable to damage the rope. The edges of the groove shall be rounded off. The contour at the bottom of the groove shall be circular over an angl

30、e of at least 120. The bottom radius of the groove shall exceed the nominal radius of the associated wire rope by not less than 7,5 % and not more than 10 %. The included angle of flare of the sides of the pulley groove shall be 52 2 for an angle of lead of 1 in 12 (see 4.1.5), but may be reduced fo

31、r smaller angles of lead, provided that the flange does not interfere with the path of the rope. 4.1.4 Chains Chains shall be selected on the basis of either past experience or original design. When selection is made on the basis of past experience supported by satisfactory results of approval tests

32、, the complete chain system, including pulleys or sprockets, shall be assessed and embodied in the design. Pulleys or sprockets for chains shall be to the chain manufacturers approval. 4.1.5 Angle of lead (or fleet angle) The angle between a wire rope and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pul

33、ley shall not exceed 1 in 12. The angle between a chain and a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley shall not exceed 1 in 40. 4.1.6 Installation and removal 4.1.6.1 Rope or chain retention The installation of all wire rope pulleys or chain pulleys and sprockets shall be so designed as to ret

34、ain the wire rope or chain in position. 4.1.6.2 Ease of removal The installation of all wire ropes or chains shall be designed to facilitate their periodic examination and removal. 4.1.6.3 Prevention of chafing The installation of a non-metallic suspension shall be such that minimum chafing occurs.

35、4.1.7 Suspension failure safeguards Every lift from which a platform is suspended shall be equipped with a device such that, in the event of failure of the rope or the chain or any of their attachments, any uncontrolled descent of the platform (on the side where the failure has occurred) is arrested

36、 within 50 mm of the platform position at the time of failure. SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 7 4.2 Hydraulic system 4.2.1 Cylinders and pistons Piston rods or rams shall have smooth cylindrical external surfaces and, if hollow, shall be of approximately uniform wall thickness. Grey cast iron or other

37、brittle material shall not be used for cylinders or for connecting links. Grey cast iron, where used in other parts of the cylinder assembly, shall have a safety factor of at least 10. Cylinders shall be provided with solid metal stops at the limit of stroke, or with other equally effective means of

38、 preventing the rod from travelling beyond the limits of the cylinder. Where bolts or screws are used to secure limit stops, they shall be effectively locked or wired or otherwise secured to prevent slackening in service. 4.2.2 Hydraulic or electrohydraulic power pack 4.2.2.1 Location The power pack

39、 shall be so positioned that it is easily accessible for servicing and maintenance. 4.2.2.2 Reservoir The hydraulic fluid reservoir shall be of rigid construction, have adequate capacity and be effectively vented to the atmosphere. An air filter and an oil strainer shall be provided. The reservoir f

40、or normal tail lift operation shall be of capacity at least 10 % more than is necessary to ensure an uninterrupted flow of fluid to the pump. A label showing the correct type of hydraulic fluid to be used shall be clearly displayed. 4.2.3 Pipes and pipe supports Piping shall be so supported that und

41、ue stresses are eliminated at joints, bends and fittings, particularly in any section of the system where vibration occurs. Cross-sectional areas of pipes shall be sufficient to prevent cavitation and starvation. 4.2.4 Hoses Hydraulic pipes and hoses shall be compatible with their environment and wi

42、th the type of hydraulic fluid in the system. The installation of hoses shall be such as to avoid sharp bends and chafing or trapping by moving parts of the machine. 4.2.5 Venting The hydraulic system shall be designed to be self-venting to evacuate entrapped air. 4.2.6 Pressure relief valve The hyd

43、raulic system shall incorporate a pressure relief valve that is set to a pressure not more than 10 % above that of the highest working pressure, but high enough to prevent relief valve blow-off during normal working conditions. If the design of the tail lift is such that the relief valve is used in

44、normal operation (for example, when the limit of the platform travel is reached), those parts of the system which are loaded by this relief valve pressure shall be designed (with the appropriate safety factors (see 4.1.1), using the loads or pressures imposed by the relief valve setting rather than

45、the loads or pressures imposed by the design load. SANS 10302:2008 Edition 1.1 8 4.2.7 Design pressure All cylinders, piston rods, pipes, hoses, valves and fittings shall be designed to withstand, without permanent deformation, a static pressure equal to the larger of three times the pressure relief

46、 valve setting and three times the maximum operating pressure. (See also 4.2.6.) 4.2.8 Hydraulic failure The lift shall be so designed that, in the event of failure of any part of the hydraulic system, either the descent of the lift platform will be promptly arrested (see 4.1.7) or its rate of desce

47、nt will be limited to a speed not exceeding 0,15 m/s (when fully loaded). 4.3 Mechanical transmissions 4.3.1 Strength The ratio between the minimum breaking load of the transmission and the maximum induced force shall be at least 5. 4.3.2 Accidental movement Driving mechanisms shall be such that any

48、 accidental movement is avoided (for example, by using automatic brakes or self-jamming gears). 4.3.3 Mechanical failure Driving mechanisms shall be so designed that, in the event of failure, any uncontrolled descent of the platform is arrested within 50 mm of the platform position at the time of fa

49、ilure. NOTES 1 The arresting device may be wholly or partially a safety device to cover for failure of the suspension or other parts. 2 Mechanical transmissions include components of the screw type, gearboxes, etc. 4.4 Quietness of operation and platform security A tail lift is unlikely to be completely silent during operation but every attempt shall be made to reduce the operating noise. The operating noise shall be less than 70 dB at 1 m from the surface of the noise source. Devices shall be fitted to prevent undue platform rattle when the vehicle is i