SANS 10388-2008 The inspection examination and testing of lift trucks《叉车的检查、检验及试验》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21016-8 SANS 10388:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD The inspection, examination and testing of lift trucks Published by Standa

4、rds South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by Nat

5、ional Committee StanSA TC 5120.39, Industrial lift trucks, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2008. In 3.3 reference is made to the “relevant authority”. In South Africa this means the

6、Department of Labour. In 3.4 reference is made to the “relevant authority”. In South Africa this means the Engineering Council of South Africa. In 4.1.3 and 4.4.1.1 reference is made to the “relevant national legislation”. In South Africa this means the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act

7、No. 85 of 1993). Annexes A and B are for information only. SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope. 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 4 4 Requirements for inspection, examination, marking and testing, and methods of test. 5 4.1 General requirements 5 4.2 Inspection and exam

8、ination . 5 4.3 Marking 8 4.4 Testing requirements and methods of test 9 5 Reports 11 Annex A (informative) Examples of the examination and test report. 13 Annex B (informative) Sequence of events 16 Bibliography. 17 SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10388:2008 E

9、dition 1 3 The inspection, examination and testing of lift trucks 1 Scope This standard covers provisions for the inspection, examination and testing of all lift trucks in service. It excludes the maintenance of these trucks. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensabl

10、e for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards S

11、outh Africa. ISO 3287, Powered industrial trucks Symbols for operator controls and other displays. ISO 5053, Powered industrial trucks Terminology. SANS 477/ISO 6292, Powered industrial trucks and tractors Brake performance and component strength. SANS 1191, High penetration-resistant laminated safe

12、ty glass for vehicles. SANS 1193, Toughened safety glass for vehicles. SANS 1726-1/EN 1726-1, Safety of industrial trucks Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity and industrial tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N Part 1: General requirements. SANS 10019 (SA

13、BS 019), Transportable metal containers for compressed gas Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance. SANS 15870/ISO 15870, Powered industrial trucks Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles. SANS 20043/ECE R43, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing materials

14、 and their installation on vehicles. SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 4 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in ISO 5053, SANS 1726-1 and the following apply. 3.1 attachment mechanism or device that is fitted, or can be fitted, to a lift truck to perform a specific task(s)

15、 or to handle specific loads by means of special configurations 3.2 counterweight mass fixed to the rear of the chassis intended to counterbalance the load 3.3 lifting machinery entity LME entity that is approved by the relevant authority (see foreword) for inspection, testing and examination of lif

16、t trucks 3.4 lifting machinery inspector LMI person who is registered by the relevant authority (see foreword) for inspection, testing and examination of lift trucks 3.5 lift truck industrial truck that is capable of loading, raising and transporting loads 3.6 lost load centre horizontal shift in th

17、e load centre that may occur when removable attachments are added to a lift truck 3.7 testing 3.7.1 dynamic testing operation of each motion over the full range of the lift truck with the rated capacity that is specified on the load chart affixed to the lift truck 3.7.2 static testing operation of t

18、he lift truck without the application of a load operating the full range of motions of the lift truck 3.8 thorough examination examination by an LMI of all forks, chains, hooks or other connecting devices, sheaves, brakes and safety devices forming an integral part of the lift truck in such depth an

19、d detail as the LMI considers necessary to enable him/her to determine whether the equipment being examined is safe to remain in use SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 5 4 Requirements for inspection, examination, marking and testing, and methods of test 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 The LMI shall perform a

20、 risk assessment of the working conditions and environment, and make the necessary arrangements to conduct the inspections, examination and tests safely. 4.1.2 In the absence of approved documents for modification or alteration that are issued by the original manufacturer of the lift truck, his/her

21、approved agent or design authority, the LMI shall reject the modified or altered lift truck. 4.1.3 Thorough examination and inspections of lift trucks shall be performed at intervals specified in the relevant national legislation (see foreword), or more frequently, as recommended by the LMI. 4.1.4 B

22、efore the thorough examination, the lift truck shall be cleaned by appropriate means to remove all spilt matter and dirt that could prevent an effective examination of the various parts of the mechanisms. 4.1.5 The user shall provide adequate lighting and a safe working environment. 4.1.6 Should any

23、 of the following conditions prevail, the LMI may discontinue the inspection, examination and testing: a) the equipment is presented in such a dirty condition that the inspection will be unreasonably difficult to perform; b) the equipment cannot be driven or operated in a safe manner; or c) the rout

24、ine inspection compartments are not accessible or cannot be readily opened. 4.1.7 The LMI shall have a full set of working instructions, documented procedures and relevant technical standards that address the provisions of this standard. 4.1.8 Test equipment shall have an accuracy of 1,0 % and shall

25、 be calibrated annually. 4.1.9 The calibration certificate of test equipment shall be available on request. 4.2 Inspection and examination 4.2.1 The inspection and examination shall be carried out in a logical sequence to ensure that nothing is overlooked. 4.2.2 Information plates shall be as requir

26、ed in 4.3.1. 4.2.3 At least the components and systems given in 4.2.13 to 4.2.25 shall be examined, where applicable, for wear, deformation, cracks, corrosion, damage, secureness, fatigue, seizure, scorching, abrasion, shims, leakage, pressures and lubrication in accordance with the specifications o

27、f the original manufacturer of the lift trucks. In the absence of such specifications, generally accepted technical standards shall be used. 4.2.4 If a size of the tyre on a lift truck does not comply with the specifications of the lift truck manufacturer, or if the tread of the tyres is not within

28、the wear limits of the original tyre manufacturers, the LMI shall reject the lift truck. SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 6 4.2.5 The lift truck controls shall be consistent with motions of the truck being operated and shall not be broken, bent, loose or worn. 4.2.6 In the case of a lift truck that is powe

29、red by an internal combustion engine that uses liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the installation and piping thereof shall be visually inspected and the LPG container shall comply with SANS 10019. 4.2.7 Lift chains shall comply with the requirements of the lift truck manufacturers specifications. 4.2.8

30、 If a lift truck is fitted with lights, the lights shall be in working order. 4.2.9 The windscreen and rear window shall be fitted with wipers, which shall be in good working order. Wipers may be omitted if the truck only operates within an enclosed area. 4.2.10 Glass fitted in the window apertures

31、of a lift truck shall comply with SANS 1191 or SANS 1193 or SANS 20043. 4.2.11 The operators cab shall have at least one door for normal entrance and also an emergency exit. 4.2.12 Nothing that could obstruct the view of the operator on full mast extension shall be fitted to the top of the cab. 4.2.

32、13 The capacity of the lift truck and attachment combination shall comply with the specifications of the lift truck manufacturer. 4.2.14 The components and systems referred to in 4.2.3 include, but are not limited to, a) the starter mechanism, b) rims, c) attachments, d) carriers, e) controls, f) po

33、wer systems and accessories, g) the exhaust system, h) the mast, including the structure, mast mounting and mast rollers, i) sheaves, j) pressure control valves, k) fork arms and extensions, l) the load backrest extension, m) a warning device, n) battery restraint devices, and o) counterweights. SAN

34、S 10388:2008 Edition 1 7 4.2.15 There shall be no external leakage in the hydraulic systems, including the systems for lifting and tilting, side shifting, valve banks and attachments. 4.2.16 Hydraulic feed pipes shall be routed in such a way that the pipes are in no circumstances exposed to fouling

35、or rubbing conditions. 4.2.17 The overhead guard, the drivers seat, the steering column, the battery, the bonnet, the wheels, where relevant, shall be securely fitted to their intended positions. 4.2.18 Once the checks in 4.2.14 and 4.2.15 have been carried out, the machine shall be started to estab

36、lish that a) the neutral switch works, b) the hand brake holds in accordance with the requirements given in SANS 477, and c) the controls (i.e. hydraulics, brakes and steering) are functioning correctly when the lift truck is operated through all its motions. 4.2.19 The mast shall be lifted up to 50

37、0 mm and the following checked (see SANS 5057): a) the fork heel for wear. The wear shall not exceed 10 % of its original thickness; b) the forks for bending. The maximum allowable bend shall not exceed 3 % over the length of the fork; c) whether the fork tips are jagged and present any danger to th

38、e user; and d) whether the lock pins or quick locks are functioning correctly. 4.2.20 No unauthorized welding on critical items shall be allowed. 4.2.21 There shall be no scuffing in the inner mast. The gaps between the inner and outer masts on both sides shall be in accordance with the manufacturer

39、s specifications. In the absence of such specifications, wear shall not exceed 10 % of its original dimension. 4.2.22 There shall be no excessive side play in the carriage. 4.2.23 There shall be no corrosion, broken link plates, side wear, broken, loose or twisted pins and elongation in the lifting

40、chains. The lifting chains shall be measured with a lift chain gauge in the maximum wear area and the percentage of wear of maximum allowable or stretch (or both) in any section of the lift chain shall be tabulated. 4.2.24 There shall be no wear in the anchor points of the tilt cylinders and mast hi

41、nge. 4.2.25 The carriage safety stops shall be installed to prevent the forks or attachments from coming off the carriage. SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 8 4.3 Marking 4.3.1 Information plates 4.3.1.1 Lift trucks Trucks shall be legibly and indelibly marked (for example with weatherproof, profiled letter

42、s) with at least the following details: a) the designation of the series or type; b) the serial number; c) the unladen mass of the truck in working condition, without removable attachment in the case of fork lift trucks with forks; d) the maximum actual capacity of the lift truck with variable heigh

43、ts and load centres (load chart); e) the actual capacity with each removable attachment fitted at the manufacturers authorized lift height(s) and load centre(s). The actual capacities shall be easily readable by the operators in the normal operating position; and g) for battery powered trucks, the a

44、uthorized minimum battery mass. 4.3.1.2 Removable attachments Removable attachments shall be legibly and indelibly marked with at least the following information: a) the name of the attachment manufacturer or its authorized representative; b) the model or type of the attachment; c) the serial number

45、; d) the mass of the attachment in kilograms; e) the rated capacity; and f) the load centre, if applicable. 4.3.1.3 Information plates for lift trucks operating in special conditions If a lift truck is designed to operate in special conditions, an information plate on the lift truck that identifies

46、the special conditions of use, including the capacity, if different from the actual capacities, shall be provided. 4.3.2 Marking of controls Controls shall be legibly and indelibly marked with graphic symbols, for example the accelerator pedal, indicating their function(s), except where obvious. Eac

47、h symbol shall be affixed on, or in close proximity to, the control to which it applies. Control symbols shall comply with ISO 3287, where applicable. SANS 10388:2008 Edition 1 9 4.3.3 Other information 4.3.3.1 Pneumatic tyre inflation pressure The specified inflation pressures shall be clearly indi

48、cated on the truck, tyre or in the operators manual. 4.3.3.2 Filling points Filling points for fuel and hydraulic oil shall be clearly indicated on the truck, in accordance with ISO 3287. 4.3.3.3 Warning symbols Symbols giving warnings of residual hazards shall be affixed to the truck or attachments

49、 on or in close proximity to the hazard concerned. Warnings shall comply with SANS 15870. 4.4 Testing requirements and methods of test 4.4.1 General 4.4.1.1 Testing shall be conducted at intervals that are specified in the relevant national legislation (see foreword). 4.4.1.2 Testing shall be carried out by an LMI. 4.4.1.3 Before starting the tests, an inspection and examination of the lift truck in accordance with 4.2 shall be carried out. 4.4.1.4 Tests shall include static and dynamic tests. 4.4.2 Testing requirements 4.4.2.1 Static testing 4.4.2.1.1 A lift truck s