SANS 10972-3-2007 Cranes - Requirements for mechanisms Part 3 Tower cranes《起重机 机构要求 第3部分 塔式起重机》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20724-3 SANS 10972-3:2007 Edition 1 ISO 10972-3:2003 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cranes Requirements for mechanisms Part 3: T

4、ower cranes This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 10972-3:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012

5、344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 10972-3:2007 Edition 1 ISO 10972-3:2003 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This Sout

6、h African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5120.59D, Cranes Tower cranes, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2007. This standard may only be used and printed by

7、 approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10972-3 First edition 2003-07-01 Reference number ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 Cranes Requirements for mechanisms Part 3: Tower cranes Appareils de levage charge suspendue Prescriptions pour les mcanismes Partie 3:

8、 Grues tourSANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file m

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11、he file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any

12、 form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749

13、 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Ter

14、ms and definitions 1 4 Specific provisions for tower cranes . 2 4.1 Design criteria . 2 4.2 Power (motors) 3 4.3 Coupling . 4 4.4 Brakes 4 4.5 Out-of-service devices for slewing mechanisms . 6 4.6 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems 6 4.7 Gear drives . 8 4.8 Rope and chain requirements 8 4.9 Maintenance

15、 and instructions 10 SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national st

16、andards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International o

17、rganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules giv

18、en in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least

19、75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10972-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96,

20、Cranes, Subcommittee SC 7, Tower cranes. ISO 10972 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cranes Requirements for mechanisms: Part 1: General Part 3: Tower cranes SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SAB

21、S.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 10972 applies the principles given in ISO 10972-1 to tower cranes, and establishes minimum requirements of good practice for mechanisms in order to enhance safety. It is acknowledged that innovations and new materials

22、 may enable new mechanisms that are not addressed here. This part of ISO 10972 is not intended to prohibit such innovations provided they furnish equivalent safety. SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS vi SANS 10972-

23、3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Cranes Requirements for mechanisms Part 3: Tower cranes 1S c o p e This part of ISO 10972 establishes requirements w

24、hich apply specifically to the mechanisms and related components of tower cranes, in addition to the general requirements given in ISO 10972-1. These additional requirements concern a) the arrangement, features and characteristics of the crane mechanisms, and b) the minimum requirements for certain

25、mechanism components. Rules for the proof of competence calculation regarding different limit states (yield strength, fatigue, wear) are excluded from this part of ISO 10972. This part of ISO 10972 is not applicable to the climbing mechanisms and related components used on tower cranes, nor to the c

26、limbing frame. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4301-3,

27、 Cranes Classification Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 4302, Cranes Wind load assessment ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General ISO 4306-3, Cranes Vocabulary Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power General rules relating to systems ISO 9374-3, Cranes Information to be provided for enqui

28、ries, orders, offers and supply Part 3: Tower cranes ISO 10972-1, Cranes Requirements for mechanisms Part 1: General IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and

29、 definitions given in ISO 4306-1 and ISO 4306-3 and the following apply. SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3.1 coupling device that connects two components and tr

30、ansmits torque between them 3.2 maximum working pressure maximum pressure in any hydraulic circuit or individual component during normal operation 4 Specific provisions for tower cranes 4.1 Design criteria 4.1.1 Hoist winches Powered hoist winches are used for lifting and lowering loads at controlle

31、d speeds. Movements due to gravity alone are not allowed. The group classification of the hoisting winch mechanism shall be in accordance with ISO 4301-3. 4.1.2 Luffing mechanisms Powered luffing mechanisms shall derrick the jib with the load at controlled speed. Movements due to gravity alone are n

32、ot allowed. The group classification of the luffing mechanism shall be in accordance with ISO 4301-3. 4.1.3 Hydraulic systems The characteristics of the hydraulic systems and relative components shall be designed to comply with ISO 4413. 4.1.4 Trolley-travelling mechanisms The mechanisms shall allow

33、 horizontal or inclined motion of the trolley along the jib with the load applied. If the mechanism provides hoisting of the load, it shall also comply with the standards relative to lifting mechanisms. The system shall ensure the controlled motion of the trolley with load in both directions, in acc

34、ordance with the geometric configuration of the crane jib (whatever the inclination). Movements determined by gravity alone are not permitted. The group classification of the trolley travelling mechanism shall be in accordance with ISO 4301-3. 4.1.5 Crane-travelling mechanisms If a travelling mechan

35、ism is fitted, tower cranes can travel on a) straight rails, b) rails featuring curves. The travelling mechanisms shall provide driving mechanisms at least at two corners, consisting of an electric motor, a coupling, a brake, a speed reducer and wheels for running on the rails. SANS 10972-3:2007This

36、 standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 Provision shall be made to allow greasing. The diameter and number of wheels shall be assessed in accordance with the load per corner. The crane shal

37、l be equipped with means for anchoring against dragging, when it is out-of-service. This resistance shall be assessed in relation to the dragging force of the wind, in out-of-service conditions, in accordance with ISO 4302. The group classification of the crane-travelling mechanism shall be in accor

38、dance with ISO 4301-3. 4.1.6 Slewing mechanisms The slewing mechanisms shall enable the positioning of the hook and the load in the desired position. The power should be supplied by means of a slip ring. When no slip ring is used, the jib rotation shall be limited, in both directions. The cable shal

39、l be arranged in such a manner that it cannot be damaged. The group classification of the slewing mechanism shall be in accordance with ISO 4301-3. 4.2 Power (motors) 4.2.1 Hoist winches and luffing winches The selection of electric motors shall be in accordance with IEC 60204-32. The position of th

40、e motor shall allow sufficient ventilation. 4.2.2 Trolley-travelling mechanisms The power and torque of the motor shall be sufficient to allow the movement of the trolley in all operating and test conditions, taking into account the following: a) the influence of the jibs angle of inclination (the j

41、ib is never perfectly horizontal); b) resistance to rolling; c) any friction on the rims of the wheels; d) the friction caused by the load-hoisting ropes; e) the lifting of the load (inclined-jib cranes without systems for horizontal load trajectory); f) the influence of the wind; g) the inertia and

42、 the performance of the mechanism. 4.2.3 Crane-travelling mechanisms The motors shall provide the power required, assessed on the basis of a) maximum friction and mass, b) lateral friction between rail and wheel, c) minimum gradient tolerated by the rails, d) number of starts in the unit of time, e)

43、 force of the wind when the structure is in service. SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved 4.2.4 Slewing mechanisms The motors shall supply the total required power f

44、or a) the mass to be moved b) in the case of electric motors, the number of starts in the unit of time. The motors shall provide a total torque sufficient to withstand the force due to in-service wind on the jib, in-service wind on other rotating structures, in-service wind on the load, friction. 4.

45、3 Coupling 4.3.1 Hoist winches and luffing winches Failure of elastic elements in a coupling between motor and gear box shall not cause hazardous movements. Selection of the coupling in the kinematic chain shall be made based on the general design of the mechanism and on its use and performance, in

46、order to a) avoid vibrations, b) damp unwanted peak values of torque, c) compensate possible misalignments. Non-homogeneous rotating parts shall be dynamically balanced. 4.3.2 Crane-travelling mechanisms In the case of hydraulic couplings or equivalent devices connected to short-circuit starting mot

47、ors, the brakes, or slowing-down systems, shall be located downstream from the couplings. For other couplings, see 4.3.1. 4.3.3 Slewing mechanisms In the case of hydraulic couplings or equivalent devices connected to short-circuit motors, the brakes, or slowing-down systems, shall be located downstr

48、eam from the couplings. For other couplings see 4.3.1. 4.4 Brakes 4.4.1 General requirements In case of cut-off of the hoisting force, the brake shall be applied automatically. The brake shall have a thermal capacity suited to the number of hourly manuvres, ambient temperature and permitted temperat

49、ure. The brakes shall be so designed that, in emergencies, the braking force can be regulated to guarantee a controlled load-descent speed. The design of the brake shall take into account the thermal energy to be dissipated when allowing the maximum load to descend from the maximum height. SANS 10972-3:2007This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 10972-3:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 5 The electrical circui