1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 65.060.80 ISBN 0-626-15099-X SANS 11169:2003 Edition 1 ISO 11169:1993 Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Machinery for forestry Wheeled specia
4、l machines Vocabulary, performance test methods and criteria for brake systems This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 11169:1993, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road gro
5、enkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa 2003 SANS 11169:2003 Edition 1 ISO 11169:1993 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Lays down the vocabulary and specifies performance tes
6、t methods and criteria to enable uniform assessment of the service, secondary and parking brake systems of wheeled specially designed forestry machines. Applies to self-propelled, rubber-tyred special forestry machines defined in SANS 6814 as skidders, forwarders and the various feller-buncher combi
7、nation machines. Keywords braking systems, braking tests, definitions, forestry equipment, land vehicles, self-propelled, specifi-cations, testing, vocabulary. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee STANSA TC 5120.38, Earth-moving and forestry machinery, in
8、accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11169 First edition 1993-05-15 Machinery for forestry - Wheeled special machines - Vocabulary, Performance test methods and criteria for brake Systems Materie/ forest
9、ier - Machines spkiales a roues - Vocabulaire, mkthodes d essai et critkres de Performance des dispositifs de freinage Reference number ISO 11169:1993(E) ISO 11169:1993(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO me
10、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
11、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the me
12、mber bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11169 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOfTC 23, Trattors and machinery for agriculture and forestty, Sub- Committee SC 15, Machiner
13、y for forestry. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. 0 ISO 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any ferm or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per- mission in writing from
14、the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11169:1993(E) Machinery for forestry - Wheeled special machines - Vocabulary, Performance test methods and criteria for brake Systems 1 S
15、cope This International Standard lays down the vocabulary and specifies performante test methods and criteria to enable uniform assessment of the Service, sec- ondary and parking brake Systems of wl cially designed forestry machines. ieeled spe- This International Standard applies to se rubber-tyred
16、 special forestry machines ISO 6814 ll as skidders, forwarders and feller-bunther combination machines. f-propelled, defined in the various 2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 brake Systems: All the components which combine together to
17、stop and/or hold the machine. Such Systems include the control(s), means of power transmission, the brake(s) and all Parts connecting the brake to the wheel and tyre. 2.1.1 Service brake System: Primaty System used for stopping and holding the machine. 2.1.2 secondary brake System: System used for s
18、topping the machine in the event of any Single failure in the Service brake System. 2.1.3 parking brake System: System used to hold a stopped machine in a stationary Position. 2.1.4 brake System components: (See 2.1.4.1, 2.1.4.2, 2.1.4.3 and 2.1.4.4.) 2.1.4.1 control(s): Component(s) directly activa
19、ted by the Operator to Cause a forte to be transmitted to the brake(s). 2.1.4.2 brake actuation System: All of the compo- nents between the control(s) and the brake(s) which connect them functionally. 2.1.4.3 brake(s): Components which directly apply a forte to oppose movement of the machine. Brakes
20、 may, for example, be of friction, electrical or fluid types. 2.1.4.4 retarder: Energy-absorption device normally used to control machine Speed while descending gradients. 2.2 common component: Component that per- forms a function in two or more brake Systems. 2.3 machine mass: Mass of the machine w
21、hich in- cludes the heaviest combination of manufacturer- approved equipment (i.e. winch, dozer, felling head, grapple, etc.) and components (i.e. cab, protective structures, etc.), an Operator of 75 kg and full fuel, lubricating, hydraulic and cooling Systems. The mass of forwarders includes the ma
22、nufacturers rated payload. 2.4 stopping distance, s: Distance travelled by the machine from the Point on the test course at which the machine brake control is initially actuated to the Point where the machine Comes to a complete halt. 2.5 mean deceleration, a: Average rate of Change of the velocity
23、of the machine fro.m the instant the brake control is initially actuated until the machine Comes to a complete halt. The mean deceleration, a, in metres per second squared, may be determined from the equation: 2 a V =- 2s ISO 11169:1993(E) where 4.1 Required brake Systems V is the velocity of the ma
24、chine immediately Prior to the brake control being activated, in metres per second; All machines shall be equipped with a) a Service brake System; S is the stopping distance, in metres. 2.6 burnish: Procedure to condition the frictional surfaces of the machine brake(s). b) a secondaty brake System;
25、2.7 brake reservoir pressure: Pressure in the air or hydraulic reservoir(s), if so equipped, to assist the ap- plication of forte to the brakes. c) a parking brake System. No brake System shall be connected to the wheel and tyre through a disconnect such as a clutch or shiftable gear-box. 2.8 brake
26、System pressure: Gas or hydraulic pressure available at the brake mechanism. 4.2 Common components 2.9 test course: Surface upon which the test is carried out. 2.10 cold brakes: Brakes in one of the following conditions: Brake Systems may use common components; how- ever in the event of a failure of
27、 any Single component other than a tyre, the brake Systems shall be capable of bringing the machine to a halt in accordance with performante requirements specified for the second- ary brake System in 6.6.3.4. a) the brakes have not been actuated in the previous 1 h, except in accordance with 5.9; 4.
28、3 Service brake System b) the brakes have been cooled to 100 “C or less when measured on the brake disc or the outside of the brake drum; 4.3.1 All machines shall meet the Service brake per- formante requirements of 6.5 and 6.6. c) in the case of totally enclosed brakes, including oil-immersed brake
29、s, the temperature measured on the outside of the housing is below 50 “C, or within the manufacturers specification. 4.3.2 The temperature of brake components ex- posed to debris shall not exceed 120 “C over ambient when measured within 1 min after completing the stopping test described in 6.6. The
30、Point of measure- ment shall be the outer surface of the drum or the peripher-y of the disc. 3 Instrument accuracy The instruments used to carry out the required measurements shall be accurate to the levels given in table 1. 4.3.3 If other Systems are provided with power from the Service brake Syste
31、m, any failure in these Systems shall be considered as a failure in the Service brake System. Table 1 - Instrument accuracy levels Instrument Parameter being measured and accuracy related unit % Brake System pressure MW f3 Machine Speed km/h) f3 Machine mass (kg) f: 23 Stopping distance hl *l Brake
32、control actuating forte (NI f3 Slope (%) It1 4 General requirements The requirements for brake Systems in 4.1 to 4.6 ap- ply to all machines indicated in clause 1. 4.4 Secondary brake System All machines shall meet the secondary brake per- formante requirements of 6.6. The secondary brake System sha
33、ll be actuated by a manual control. In addition, automatic application is permitted if a warning device is actuated Prior to the automatic application. 4.5 Parking brake System 4.5.1 All machines shall meet the parking brake Performance requirements of 6.5. 4.5.2 All machines shall be equipped with
34、a parking brake System capable of being applied by a person seated in the drivers seat. 2 ISO 11169:1993(E) 4.5.3 While applied, the parking brake System shall maintain parking Performance in compliance with 6.5, despite any contraction of the brake Parts, ex- haustion of the Source of energy, or le
35、akage of any kind. 4.5.4 The parking brake System may use common components which also form part of other brake sys- tems provided that the requirements given in 6.5 are met. 4.6 Warning device 4.6.1 The Service brake System using stored energy as its primary application forte shall be equipped with
36、 a warning device which actuates before System en- ergy drops below either 50 % of the manufacturers specified maximum operating energy Ievel or the Ievel required to meet the secondary brake performante requirements, whichever is higher. This warning device shall be readily visible and/or audible t
37、o the Operator, and provide a continuous warning. Gauges shall not be acceptable to meet these requirements. 4.6.2 Any friction-type parking brake System not automatically disengaged by engagement of the transmission, or which does not automatically disen- gage the transmission when applied, shall b
38、e equipped with a warning device which is activated when the engine is running, the transmission is en- gaged, and the parking brake is engaged. This warning device shall provide continuous warning to the Operator. Gauges shall not be acceptable to meet these requirements. 5 Test conditions 5.1 Prec
39、autions specified by the manufacturer shall be taken while cartying out Performance tests. 5.2 The test course shall consist of a hard, dry sur- face with a weil-compacted base. Ground moisture may be present to the extent that it does not ad- versely affect the braking test. The test course shall n
40、ot have a gradient of more than 3 % at right angles to the direction of travel. Gradient in the travel direction shall be as specified for the test being carried out. The approach to the test course shall be of sufficient length, smoothness and uniformity of gradient to en- Sure the required machine
41、 Speed is reached before the brakes are applied. 5.3 The machine mass shall be as defined in 2.3 and shall not exceed the axle distribution specified by the manufacturer. The manufacturers rated payload shall be included for forwarders only, up to the maximum machine gross mass and the axle loads ap
42、proved by the manufacturer. 5.4 All Parameters relating to brake Systems, i.e. tyre size and pressure, brake adjustment, warning device actuation Point, etc., shall be within the ma- chine manufacturers specifications. All the brake System pressures shall be within the machine manu- facturers specif
43、ication range. No manual adjustment shall be made to the brake System during any Single Performance test. 5.5 When the machine transmission provides a selection of gear ratios, the stopping tests shall be carried out with the transmission in a gear suitable for the test Speed specified. The power tr
44、ain may be disengaged Prior to completing the stop. 5.6 Retarders shall not be used in these tests un- less the retarder is simultaneously actuated by the applicable brake System control. 5.7 Blades, grapples and other equipment shall be carried in the transport Position recommended by the manufactu
45、rer. 5.8 Burnishing or conditioning of brakes before testing is permissible. The burnishing procedure shall be indicated in the Operators and/or maintenance manual for the machine and shall be verified by con- sulting the machine manufacturer. 5.9 Immediately Prior to a test, the machine shall be op
46、erated until the machine fluids, i.e. engine and transmission oils, are at normal operating temper- ature. 5.10 Machine Speed shall be measured immediately Prior to the brake control being applied. 5.11 As a minimum requirement, all data required for the completion of the test report in clause 7 sha
47、ll be recorded and reported. , 6 Performance tests 6.1 Brake System control 6.1.1 Control forces needed to meet the required braking Performance for the Systems defined in 2.1 shall not exceed the levels given in table 2. ISO 11169:1993(E) Table 2 - Maximum test forte levels for braking System contr
48、ols Type of control Maximum test forte to be applied N Finger grasp Hand grasp - upwards - fore/aft - sideways Foot Pedal (foot control) Foot Pedal (ankle control) 20 400 300 300 600 350 6.1.2 All brake System controls shall be capable of being applied by someone sitting in the Operators seat. The s
49、econdary and parking brake System(s) control(s) shall be arranged so that they cannot be released from the operators seat once they have been applied unless they tan be reapplied im- mediately from the operators seat. 6.2 Service brake System recovery capacity (stored energy System) The engine Speed control (throttle) shall be set to ob- tain maximum engine rotational Speed (r/min) or fre- quency ( min-). The Service brake System shall be capable of delivering at least 70 % of the pressure measured during the first brake application after the Service brake has been fully app
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