SANS 11644-2009 Leather - Test for adhesion of finish《皮革 涂层粘着牢度测定方法》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22849-1 SANS 11644:2009Edition 1ISO 11644:1993Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Leather Test for adhesion of finish This national s

4、tandard is the identical implementation of ISO 11644: 1993 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.z

5、a SABS SANS 11644:2009 Edition 1 ISO 11644:1993 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1016A, Test methods leather and footwear Test methods for leather and footwear, in accordance with procedures of t

6、he SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in August 2009. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 11644 IULTCSMJF 470 First edition 1993-12-15 Leather -Test for adhesion of finish Cuir - Essai de Iadhkion du finissage Reference number ISO 11644:

7、1993 (E) llJLTCS/IUF 470, 1993 Edition SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11644:1993(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (

8、ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, go

9、vernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

10、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11644 was prepared by the Fastness Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IU

11、F Commission, IULTCS). lt is based on IUF 470 published in J. Sec. Leather Tech. Chem., 74, pp. 155-160 (19901, and declared an official method of the IULTCS in September 1991. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. 0 ISO 1993 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise s

12、pecified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Swi

13、tzerland Printed in Switzerland SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .0 60 ISO 11644:1993(E) Introduction A test method similar to that specified in this International Standard, using an expoxy adhesive and metal adhe

14、rend-plates has been in use in the leather trade for many years, but has never been declared an official method by IULTCS or ISO. The adhesive frequently penetrates thin finish films, thus increasing the adhesion value unrealistically, and it is usually not possible to measure wet adhesion, as there

15、 is insufficient adhesion to the metal when water is present. Finishes with insufficient adhesion to the adhesive also occur quite frequently. In spite of these drawbacks, this old method has been used regularly and is referred to in many specifications. The new method specified in this Internationa

16、l Standard eliminates most of these drawbacks. The polyurethane adhesive used in the new method contains no solvent at the time of application to the finish and thus has a very high viscosity. lt also stays viscous for only a few seconds, and there is no time for it to penetrate even very thin finis

17、hes, unless the finish has open Cracks in it. While adhesion to most finishes is sufficient, a few cases exist in which adhesion is insufficient, and a different adhesive has to be used in such cases. As the adhesive does not penetrate, it is quite possible to test dif- ferent layers of a multi-laye

18、r finish separately. Such a finish tan be tested several times until all the layers have been removed from the leather. lt would be advisable for specifications to make allowance for this fact. A Strip of hard PVC is used as the adherend-plate, this giving good ad- hesion under wet conditions. Wet a

19、dhesion tan therefore be measured easily. Experience has shown that this “real” wet-adhesion value is often lower, a fact that should also be considered when drawing up specifi- cations based on the new method. SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and f

20、reemailing clients of the SABS .This page intentionally left blank SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Q ISO ISO 11644:1993(E) Leather - Test for adhesion of finish 1 Scope 1.1 Depending on th

21、e way the leather has been finished, the adhesion of the finish to the leather tan be so low over the whole area, or part of it, that the finish separates from the leather during use. With finishes consisting of several layers, the Separation may occur between the layers, for example between the pig

22、mented layer and the base coat. This Inter- national Standard specifies a method for measuring the adhesion of the finish to the leather or the ad- hesion between two adjacent layers of the finish. 1.2 The method is valid for all finished leathers with a smooth surface which tan be bonded to an adhe

23、rend-plate without the adhesive penetrating into the finish. Preliminary experiments may be necessary to determine whether these conditions obtain. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Sta

24、ndard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members

25、 of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. ISO 105-A02:1993, Textiles - Tests for colour fast- ness - Part A02: Grey scale for assessing Change in colour. ISO 2418:1972, Leather - Laboratory samples - Loca tion and iden tifica tion. ISO 2419: 1972, Leather - Con

26、ditioning of test pleces for ph ysical tests. ISO 3696: 1987, Wa ter for analytical laboratory use - Specifica tion and test methods. 3 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. 3.1 adhesion: The forte required to pull the leather away from its sur

27、face finish layer, the forte being ap- plied steadily, at an angle of about 90” to a rigid adherend-plate to which the finished side of the leather has been bonded. 4 Principle The finished side of part of a Strip of leather is bonded to an adherend-plate by means of heat-reactivated adhesive film.

28、Forte is applied to the free end of the Strip to peel the leather from the finish over a given distance, the finish layer remaining on the adherend- plate together with the film of adhesive. The forte required is measured and reported as the adhesion of the finish to the leather. The test is usually

29、 carried out on specimens con- ditioned in a Standard atmosphere before testing. If required, the test may additionally be carried out on wetted specimens or on specimens which have pre- viously been subjected to other agencies or prep- arations. 5 Apparatus and materials 5.1 Tensile-testing machine

30、, operating vertically, incorporating the features specified in 5.1 .l to 5.1.4. 5.1.1 An appropriate range of measurable loads. 5.1.2 A Speed of Separation of the clamps of 100 mm/min + 5 mm/min. - SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing c

31、lients of the SABS .ISO 11644:1993(E) 5.1.3 Suitable means for fixing the adherend-plate holder (5.3) to the hook link (5.4). 5.1.4 Provision for recording a forte-distance dia- gram during the test. 5.2 Adherend-plate, comprising a piece of hard PVC), or other suitable material, measuring 70 mm x 2

32、0 mm x 3 mm, to which the leather speci- men is bonded. PVC with a high IR absorption is pre- ferred. 5.3 Adherend-plate holder (see figure i), made for instance of aluminium, for holding the adherend-plate, to which the leather specimen has been bonded, in the lower clamp of the tensile-testing mac

33、hine. 5.4 Hook link, made for instance of steel wire 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter, about 25 cm long, for at- tathing the free end of the leather specimen to the upper clamp of the tensile-testing machine (see fig- Ures 2 and 3). 5.5 Punch, suitable for making a hole 2 mm to 3 mm in diameter in the leath

34、er specimen. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 - Adherend-plate holder 0 ISO 5.6 Two-component polyurethane adhesive*), comprising a resin and a hardener. Usually 20 g of solid resin is dissolved in 80 g of ethyl acetate and 5 g of hardener is added, unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer

35、of the adhesive. The adhesive shall be used within 8 h of addition of the hardener, unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. 5.7 IR lamp, capable of heating the adherend-plate (5.2) to 80 “C, or oven, capable of maintaining a tem- perature of 85 “C + 3 “C, kept uniform by an

36、air- circulation fan, for instance. 5.8 Weight-piece, of mass 4,5 kg, with a flat base. 5.9 Temperature-indicating substance31, melting at 80 “C, to indicate when the surface temperature of the adherend-plate has reached 80 “C, when the IR lamp is being used. 5.10 Cleaning solvent: hexane or a mixtu

37、re of al- kanes boiling within the range 40 “C to 80 “C (e.g. Petroleum ether), for cleaning the surface of the of the leather adherend-plate and the finished side specimen before bonding. l E U N 5 E .- .- J ; Figure 2 - Hook link L 1) An example of a commercial Source for suitable hard PVC plates

38、is given in annex A . 2) An example of a commercial Source for a suitable adhesive is given in annex A. 3) An example of a suitable temperature-indicating substance is given in annex A. 2 SANS 11644:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of t

39、he SABS .0 ISO ISO 11644:1993(Eb 5.11 Cutter, capable of cutting a specimen of 100 mm x 10 mm from the leather with one stroke. 5.12 Apparatus for wetting the test specimen, comprising the elements specified in 5.12.1 to 5.12.3. (This is only required where wetted leathers are to be tested.) 5.12.1

40、Vacuum-desiccator vessel, or other glass Container suitable for evacuation. 5.12.2 Vacuum pump, capable of evacuating the desiccator vessel (5.12.1) to 5 kPa (50 mbar) within 4 min. 5.12.3 Beaker, filled with distilled water at 20 “C in which the test specimens (leather bonded to adherend-plate) tan

41、 be completely submerged. 5.13 Grey scale for assessing Change in colour, in accordance with ISO 105-A02. (This is only required when the Change in colour of the leather surface is to be assessed after undergoing the test and repolish- ing.) 5.14 Demineralized water, grade 3 in accordance with ISO 3

42、696. 6 Preparation of test specimens 6.1 Location and number From the piece of leather to be tested (or a laboratory Sample tut from it, whichever is more suitable), tut out, with one stroke of the Cutter (5.1 l), Strips meas- uring 100 mm x IO mm. If possible, the Strip location shall be as specifi

43、ed in ISO 2418. The adhesion of a finish to the leather may vary greatly, even within a Single piece (skin, side, shoul- der, etc.). lt is therefore recommended that the leather specimens be taken not only from the pos- itions specified in ISO 2418, but also from the shoul- der and belly. For each l

44、eather specimen location and each type of test specimen conditioning (usually at 20 “C and 65 % R.H. but, if required, also wetted, aged, etc.; see clause 7), take at least four leather specimens, two with their long axis parallel to and two with their long axis at right angles to the backbone. 6.2

45、Punching holes Using the Punch (5.5), make holes 2 mm to 3 mm in diameter at each end of the centreline of each Strip, about 5 mm from the end. 6.3 Attachment of the Beather specimen to the adherend-plate 6.3.1 Clean the surface of the adherend-plate (5.2) to which the leather specimen is to be bond

46、ed and the finished side of the leather with a clean piece of cloth wetted with solvent (5.10). CAUTION - Use adequate Ventilation and avoid contact of the solvent with the skin. 6.3.2 Apply the adhesive (5.6) as a thin layer to the cleaned surface of the adherend-plate with a brush, and then store

47、at room temperature for at least 30 min. The adherend-plate with the adhesive shall be used within 8 h of application of the adhesive. Take care to apply the adhesive uniformly. For leath- ers with a coarse grain, several layers of adhesive shall be applied, in Order to ensure that the grooves in th

48、e leather will he filled. 6.3.3 Heat the adhesive film on the adherend-plate to 80 “C either with the IR lamp before preparing test specimens, check, using a spare adherend-plate and the temperature-sensitive substance (5.9), that the IR lamp does in fact heat the plate to 80 “C or by plac- ing in t

49、he oven for IO min at 85 “C. Immediately af- terwards, place the leather specimen with the finish down on the adhesive film, with the leather extending about 15 mm beyond each end of the plate, and then place the weight-piece (5.8) on the leather for at least 2 min. NOTE 1 Especially when testing the adhesion of the fin- ish of leathers with heavy prints, even adhesion tan be en- sured by rolling the upper surface of the leather with a hand roller, applying moderate pressure, before the weight-piece is placed on the test specimen. 7 Conditioning of the test specimens 7.1 The adhesion