SANS 14764-2009 Software Engineering - Software Life Cycle Processes - Maintenance《软件工程 软件寿命周期过程 维护》.pdf

1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22341-0 SANS 14764:2009 Edition 2 ISO/IEC 14764:2006 Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Software engineering - Software life cycle

4、processes - Maintenance This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC 14764:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groe

5、nkloof envelopeback Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 14764:2009 Edition 2 ISO/IEC 14764:2006 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 71C,

6、 Information technology - ICT systems and software engineering, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 14764:2003 (Edition 1). Reference numb

7、erISO/IEC 14764:2006(E)IEEEStd 14764-2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC14764IEEEStd 14764-2006Second edition2006-09-01Software Engineering Software Life Cycle Processes Maintenance Ingnierie du logiciel Processus du cycle de vie du logiciel Maintenance SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used

8、and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces

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11、ent that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org ii SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by ap

12、proved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 Standard for Software Engineering Software Life Cycle Processes Maintenance Norme pour ingnierie du logiciel Processus de cycle de vie Sponsor Software +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions

13、 of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 vi International S

14、tandard ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 Switzerland IEEE 2006 All rights reservedISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commis

15、sion) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO

16、and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/

17、IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national

18、 bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for i

19、dentifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC/IEEE 14764 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Subcommittee SC 7, (Software and System Engineering). The first edition of ISO/IEC 14764 was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7. The current edition is the result of merging the original

20、 edition with IEEE Std 1219-1998. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 and the IEEE Computer Society cooperated in this project to merge the two standards. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1999). SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemai

21、ling clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 vii IEEE 2006 All rights reserved IEEE Introduction This introduction is not part of ISO/IEC/IEEE 14764:2005(E), Standard for Software EngineeringSoftware Life Cycle ProcessesMaintenance. This International Standard provides guidanc

22、e on the Software Maintenance Process. Software Maintenance is a primary process in the life cycle of a software product, as described in ISO/IEC 12207, “Information technology Software life cycle processes.” The Maintenance Process contains the activities and tasks of the maintainer. This Internati

23、onal Standard is part of the ISO/IEC 12207 family of documents. In this International Standard, ISO/IEC 12207 refers to ISO/IEC 12207:1995 as amended in 2002 and 2004. The only mandatory clauses in this International Standard come from ISO/IEC 12207. The mandatory clauses contain shalls and each sha

24、ll from ISO/IEC 12207 that is duplicated in this International Standard is boxed. The related ISO/IEC 12207 clause number is listed after the boxed ISO/IEC 12207 shalls. This International Standard is the result of the harmonization of ISO/IEC 14764 and IEEE Std 1219-1998.1Because maintenance consum

25、es a major share of a software life cycle financial resources, it should be an important project consideration. During operation of the software, problems may be detected that were not detected during validation and acceptance. Therefore, a maintenance effort is needed to cope with these problems. T

26、his maintenance effort also covers software improvements needed to meet new or modified user requirements. Software maintenance is commonly needed when upgrading system components, such as operating systems and databases, as well as when modifications are made to external software and systems interf

27、aces. Software maintenance may be a significant portion of life cycle costs. Software maintainers use a number of specific tools, methods, and techniques. This International Standard does not specify how to implement or perform the activities and tasks in the Software Maintenance Process since these

28、 are dependent upon the formal agreement and organizational requirements. Maintenance is required on all types of software, whatever the technology, technique, or tool used to create it. Clause 1 provides the scope of this International Standard. Clause 2 provides conformance information. Clause 3 p

29、rovides normative references. Clause 4 provides terms and definitions. Clause 5 provides the application of this International Standard. Clause 6 provides the details of the Maintenance Process. Clause 7 provides execution considerations for the Maintenance Process. Clause 8 provides the software ma

30、intenance strategy. Annex A provides a cross reference between clauses in this International Standard and ISO/IEC 12207. Annex B provides a list of abbreviations used in this International Standard. Annex C provides a bibliography. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standa

31、rds can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ inde

32、x.html.Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEE

33、E shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. 1IEEE publications are available from the Insti

34、tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 viii IEEE 2006

35、All rights reservedParticipants At the time this standard was completed, the Software Maintenance Working Group had the following membership: Paul Croll, Chair Thomas Pigoski, Editor James W. Moore, Liaison to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on th

36、is standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Edward Bartlett Bakul Banerjee Juris Borzovs Curtis Browne Bruce Bullock Joseph Butchko Keith Chow Antonio M. Cicu Todd Cooper Paul Croll Geoffrey Darnton Guru Dutt Dhingra Einar Dragstedt Clint Early Christof Ebert John

37、 Fendrich Gregg Giesler John Garth Glynn Lewis Gray Michael Grimley Victoria Hailey John Horch Peeya Iwagoshi William Junk Joerg Kampmann Piotr Karocki Ron Kenett J. Dennis Lawrence Carol Long James Moore Jeremy Moore Richard Moore Rajesh Moorkath Gerald Radack Annette Reilly Garry Roedler Terence R

38、out James Ruggieri James Sanders Robert J. Schaaf David Schultz Carl Singer Mike Smith Mitchell Smith Luca Spotorno Thomas Starai Richard Thayer Scott Valcourt John Walz Oren Yuen Janusz Zalewski Li Zhang Geraldine ZimmermanWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 March 2006, it

39、 had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Her

40、man Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following non-voting IEEE-SA Standards Boar

41、d liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Mike Fisher IEEE Standards Project Editor SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .CONTENTS 1 O

42、verview.1 1.1 Scope .1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Field of application 1 1.4 Limitations.2 1.5 Conformance2 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions and terms 3 4 Application of this International Standard.4 4.1 Maintenance Process4 4.2 Organization of this International Standard .5 5 Maintenance Processes5 5.

43、1 Process Implementation.6 5.1.1 Inputs .6 5.1.2 Tasks7 5.1.3 Controls8 5.1.4 Support.8 5.1.5 Outputs.8 5.2 Problem and Modification Analysis 9 5.2.1 Inputs .9 5.2.2 Tasks9 5.2.3 Controls12 5.2.4 Support.12 5.2.5 Outputs.12 5.3 Modification Implementation 13 5.3.1 Inputs .13 5.3.2 Tasks13 5.3.3 Cont

44、rols14 5.3.4 Support.14 5.3.5 Outputs.15 5.4 Maintenance Review/Acceptance15 5.4.1 Inputs .15 5.4.2 Tasks15 5.4.3 Controls16 5.4.4 Support.16 5.4.5 Outputs.17 5.5 Migration .17 5.5.1 Inputs .17 5.5.2 Tasks17 5.5.3 Controls20 5.5.4 Support.20 5.5.5 Outputs.21 5.6 Software retirement21 5.6.1 Inputs .2

45、1 5.6.2 Tasks22 5.6.3 Controls24 5.6.4 Support.24 5.6.5 Outputs.24 6 Execution considerations.24 6.1 Introduction24 6.2 Types of maintenance 25 6.3 Arrangements for maintenance 25 ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 ix IEEE 2006 All rights reserved SANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be use

46、d and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .6.4 Tools for maintenance .26 6.5 Software maintenance measurement .27 6.6 Documentation of process .27 6.7 Early involvement in development 27 6.8 Maintainability.28 6.8.1 Maintainability and the development process28 6.8.2

47、 Maintainability and specific activities in the development process.29 6.9 Software transition.30 6.10 Documentation.31 7 Software maintenance strategy31 7.1 Introduction .31 7.2 The maintenance concept 32 7.2.1 Scope .32 7.2.2 Defining the process 32 7.2.3 Designation of who will provide maintenanc

48、e.32 7.2.4 Estimate of maintenance costs.33 7.3 Maintenance planning33 7.3.1 Introduction33 7.3.2 The maintenance plan 33 7.3.3 Maintenance plan topics 34 7.4 Resource analysis 37 7.4.1 Personnel resources38 7.4.2 Environment resources 38 7.4.3 Financial resources 38 Annex A (informative) Cross-refe

49、rence between ISO/IEC/IEEE 14764 and ISO/IEC 12207 and ISO/IEC 12207 Amd 139 Annex B (informative) Abbreviations.42 Annex C (informative) Bibliography.43 ISO/IEC 14764:2006(E) IEEE Std 14764-2006 x IEEE 2006 All rights reservedSANS 14764:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved 1 Standard for Software Engineering Software Life Cycle Processes Maintenance 1 Overview This International Standard describes in greater detail manage